water withdrawal to industrial consumption The standards for water quahty
were then based on the levels of pollutants such as bacteria, ËGXÏC maienäs
and oder—producing
substances that could be tolerated in the
water
to the designated use. Thus, greater pollution was allowed rn water
for industrial use than in water designated for drinlo'ng purposes. The
proach falls to protect the overall integrity of tafatemva}fs smce pollutants re—
leased in an area designated for industrial use œ.n be easy carried into oaer
areas classied as domestic or recreational
Thu «shortcoming wars tacitl}' aclmmVledged in the 1972 emenmenäs tn
the Œederal M7ater Ècllntirm ‘ÇLontrol ni, äIŒÎ ?f«%ï inic Lev:
name 19 1972
rire ven) a:? the pre—m 11 ;tmnngh ne 19712 lieg—
mlannxeænæd mammimîæwwi; older veste nrmnn :… im
nnîmnînnnnemÆBäëÿdäkVŒ—‘ŒWËÊ ‘"9 3tîä
WæeM
ermednar“pænæn m: et … anne 95 WWÆ rn je În1Œ-:ÊSŒ sr
iwäï mmeÆ
Ïîhe && phase ŒÊ pmg:æs
mwenî the 1985 goal will ret@e the in—
ŒÙdEQŒIIQÎ the “best præ.äcæhle polhon control Œcimolgy" £:n aistimg
by mid—ŒTT- The best præcäcahle— polluon crmol
technologf will be detŒnnneä. ter various categories of moînsüy sich as @th @
endîpaper manuxctnäng_ peüolemn rening. iron and steel mmnactŒg
and loodprocesäng, The detenninaüon will be made by means of IEg“üläii
eæmbâted by tire EPA to provide guidelines to idenü£y, in terms of amormts
of:
pollntanŒ, the degree ot eiuent reduction atæinable by current
best praciicable technology.. Specic pollution controls needed to meet the
so—c—alled attainable levels Will be determined locslly on & plant—by—plant
basis, but the national gtdehes Will specify the factors to be taken into ac—
count in making these decisions. These factors include the total cost of alter—
native technological controls as compared with the benets in pollution re—
duction achieved, the age of the plant’s equipment and facilities, the
manufacturing processes involved, the engineering aspects of the COIIÜ0l
technology, and the environmental impact of pollution control equipment,
such as high energy requirements. The guidelines will include the degree of
pollution reduction obtainable by specic “best practicable” methods. The al—
ternative methods will not be limited strictly to pollution treatment tech—
niques, but Will include changes in process and operating methods that can
achieve the desired results. For example, the best praccable technology for a
given plant might be a new operating procedure utilizing closed—cycle use of
process water rather than external pollution controls.
EPA regulations also will establish comparable guidelines for the degree
of efuent reduction attainable in existing industrial processes by the 1156
Of
the best available as opposed to the best practicable technology. The former,
required by mid—1983, Will be the second phase in the move toward the 1985
178
The Limits of Patchwork
were then based on the levels of pollutants such as bacteria, ËGXÏC maienäs
and oder—producing
substances that could be tolerated in the
water
to the designated use. Thus, greater pollution was allowed rn water
for industrial use than in water designated for drinlo'ng purposes. The
proach falls to protect the overall integrity of tafatemva}fs smce pollutants re—
leased in an area designated for industrial use œ.n be easy carried into oaer
areas classied as domestic or recreational
Thu «shortcoming wars tacitl}' aclmmVledged in the 1972 emenmenäs tn
the Œederal M7ater Ècllntirm ‘ÇLontrol ni, äIŒÎ ?f«%ï inic Lev:
name 19 1972
rire ven) a:? the pre—m 11 ;tmnngh ne 19712 lieg—
mlannxeænæd mammimîæwwi; older veste nrmnn :… im
nnîmnînnnnemÆBäëÿdäkVŒ—‘ŒWËÊ ‘"9 3tîä
WæeM
ermednar“pænæn m: et … anne 95 WWÆ rn je În1Œ-:ÊSŒ sr
iwäï mmeÆ
Ïîhe && phase ŒÊ pmg:æs
mwenî the 1985 goal will ret@e the in—
ŒÙdEQŒIIQÎ the “best præ.äcæhle polhon control Œcimolgy" £:n aistimg
by mid—ŒTT- The best præcäcahle— polluon crmol
technologf will be detŒnnneä. ter various categories of moînsüy sich as @th @
endîpaper manuxctnäng_ peüolemn rening. iron and steel mmnactŒg
and loodprocesäng, The detenninaüon will be made by means of IEg“üläii
eæmbâted by tire EPA to provide guidelines to idenü£y, in terms of amormts
of:
pollntanŒ, the degree ot eiuent reduction atæinable by current
best praciicable technology.. Specic pollution controls needed to meet the
so—c—alled attainable levels Will be determined locslly on & plant—by—plant
basis, but the national gtdehes Will specify the factors to be taken into ac—
count in making these decisions. These factors include the total cost of alter—
native technological controls as compared with the benets in pollution re—
duction achieved, the age of the plant’s equipment and facilities, the
manufacturing processes involved, the engineering aspects of the COIIÜ0l
technology, and the environmental impact of pollution control equipment,
such as high energy requirements. The guidelines will include the degree of
pollution reduction obtainable by specic “best practicable” methods. The al—
ternative methods will not be limited strictly to pollution treatment tech—
niques, but Will include changes in process and operating methods that can
achieve the desired results. For example, the best praccable technology for a
given plant might be a new operating procedure utilizing closed—cycle use of
process water rather than external pollution controls.
EPA regulations also will establish comparable guidelines for the degree
of efuent reduction attainable in existing industrial processes by the 1156
Of
the best available as opposed to the best practicable technology. The former,
required by mid—1983, Will be the second phase in the move toward the 1985
178
The Limits of Patchwork