soliton
300
continue towards the beach as a solitary wave. In such a wave the energy dispersion by spreading mechanisms is balanced by energy concentrating
mechanisms (because of nonlinear advection of momentum). As solitary
waves can propagate through each other without any change in form or
speed these features are often named solitons. Internal waves often have the
character of solitary waves.
soliton -tsolitary wave.
sonar stands for SOund Navigation And Ranging and is a technique for locating
underwater objects by recording the echoes from emitted sound signals. The
principle is very similar to echosounding, but the signals are emitted not only in
a vertical beam, but in any desirable direction. Owing to this, the influence of
the vertical variation in sound speed can strongly affect sound rays. By scanning over a wide zone, a kind of picture may be obtained of the sea bottom.
sorption absorption and adsorption considered jointly. These are processes
occurring in solutions containing solid particles and concerning the
exchange of dissolved substances with particle-bound substances. Adsorption
involves the exchange of substances between a solution and the surface of
particles, while absorption is the binding of substances inside particles. The
kinetics of these sorption reactions are generally very different. Adsorption
tends to arrive at an apparent equilibrium within a time-span of seconds to
hours, while absorption may continue for hours, weeks, or months. Desorption
is the reverse process where the same kinetics as for sorption occur only for
complete ion-exchange processes. Generally, desorption is much slower. In
some cases sorption is apparently irreversible. Adsorption fluxes in particle
surface layers of marine sedimentary particles occur with diffusion coefficients in the order of 10-7 to 10-8 cm2 S-I, while those in crystal lattices are
expected to be between 10-12 cm2 S-I and 10-20 cm2 S-I.
sound -tacoustics.
soundings results of depth measurement that are the basis for bathymetric
charts. Before 1900 wire "soundings" were the only depth data available, and
the early charts were rather crude with respect to bathymetry and restricted to
shallow regions. Charts of the deep ocean could only reach their present -day
accuracy by the introduction of echosounding.
sound scanning -techolocation.
Southern Oscillation multi-annual (3 to 7 years) oscillation in the pressure distribution over the southern part of the Pacific, with marked effects on EI Nino,
but possibly also on the weather system in other parts of the world.
300
continue towards the beach as a solitary wave. In such a wave the energy dispersion by spreading mechanisms is balanced by energy concentrating
mechanisms (because of nonlinear advection of momentum). As solitary
waves can propagate through each other without any change in form or
speed these features are often named solitons. Internal waves often have the
character of solitary waves.
soliton -tsolitary wave.
sonar stands for SOund Navigation And Ranging and is a technique for locating
underwater objects by recording the echoes from emitted sound signals. The
principle is very similar to echosounding, but the signals are emitted not only in
a vertical beam, but in any desirable direction. Owing to this, the influence of
the vertical variation in sound speed can strongly affect sound rays. By scanning over a wide zone, a kind of picture may be obtained of the sea bottom.
sorption absorption and adsorption considered jointly. These are processes
occurring in solutions containing solid particles and concerning the
exchange of dissolved substances with particle-bound substances. Adsorption
involves the exchange of substances between a solution and the surface of
particles, while absorption is the binding of substances inside particles. The
kinetics of these sorption reactions are generally very different. Adsorption
tends to arrive at an apparent equilibrium within a time-span of seconds to
hours, while absorption may continue for hours, weeks, or months. Desorption
is the reverse process where the same kinetics as for sorption occur only for
complete ion-exchange processes. Generally, desorption is much slower. In
some cases sorption is apparently irreversible. Adsorption fluxes in particle
surface layers of marine sedimentary particles occur with diffusion coefficients in the order of 10-7 to 10-8 cm2 S-I, while those in crystal lattices are
expected to be between 10-12 cm2 S-I and 10-20 cm2 S-I.
sound -tacoustics.
soundings results of depth measurement that are the basis for bathymetric
charts. Before 1900 wire "soundings" were the only depth data available, and
the early charts were rather crude with respect to bathymetry and restricted to
shallow regions. Charts of the deep ocean could only reach their present -day
accuracy by the introduction of echosounding.
sound scanning -techolocation.
Southern Oscillation multi-annual (3 to 7 years) oscillation in the pressure distribution over the southern part of the Pacific, with marked effects on EI Nino,
but possibly also on the weather system in other parts of the world.