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specific hea
sparker ~seismic instruments.
spawning the simultaneous release of eggs and sperm during reproduction.
Spawning of males and females is roughly governed by their internal
rhythm and ultimately synchronized by a special spawning behavior in
order to ensure proper fertilization of the eggs. In many cases temperature
changes, lunar cycles or chemical substances (pheromones) act as releasing factors for spawning (e.g., in Mollusca, Annelida, Cnidaria). Many species, particularly fish (e.g., salmonid fish), show spawning migrations towards favorable
spawning areas, where they sometimes aggregate into spawning schools
(e.g., herring).
spawning stock biomass the weight of the mature component of a resource stock
capable of spawning.
speciation (1) (chem.) term used to distinguish between different forms or
species of chemical elements in solution. For metals these species can be all
forms of charged or non charged metal combinations with the major chloride and sulfate anions, as well as with organic matter by chelation or complexation; (2) (bioi.) the formation of new biological species from a common
ancestor. When differentiation occurs as a result of growing ecological or
genetic barriers within the same distribution area, speciation is called sympatrie speciation. Allopatric speciation occurs through isolation mechanisms
caused by geographic separation in different areas, after which two populations of the same species evolve into different directions.
species group of related organisms or populations capable of interbreeding,
mostly occupying a specific ecological niche and designated by a common
scientific name.
species diversity index (~diversity) to express the species richness in a biological
community. Most diversity indices take into account not only the number of
species but also the number of individuals per species.
species interaction (types of) intra- and interspecific relationships: competition, commensalism, symbiosis, parasitism, predation, exclusion, etc.
specific heat the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit of
mass by one degree centigrade. The specific heat at constant pressure is
higher than that at constant volume. For seawater both depend on temperature and salinity. The product of the specific heat and the mass of a body is
called the heat capacity.
specific hea
sparker ~seismic instruments.
spawning the simultaneous release of eggs and sperm during reproduction.
Spawning of males and females is roughly governed by their internal
rhythm and ultimately synchronized by a special spawning behavior in
order to ensure proper fertilization of the eggs. In many cases temperature
changes, lunar cycles or chemical substances (pheromones) act as releasing factors for spawning (e.g., in Mollusca, Annelida, Cnidaria). Many species, particularly fish (e.g., salmonid fish), show spawning migrations towards favorable
spawning areas, where they sometimes aggregate into spawning schools
(e.g., herring).
spawning stock biomass the weight of the mature component of a resource stock
capable of spawning.
speciation (1) (chem.) term used to distinguish between different forms or
species of chemical elements in solution. For metals these species can be all
forms of charged or non charged metal combinations with the major chloride and sulfate anions, as well as with organic matter by chelation or complexation; (2) (bioi.) the formation of new biological species from a common
ancestor. When differentiation occurs as a result of growing ecological or
genetic barriers within the same distribution area, speciation is called sympatrie speciation. Allopatric speciation occurs through isolation mechanisms
caused by geographic separation in different areas, after which two populations of the same species evolve into different directions.
species group of related organisms or populations capable of interbreeding,
mostly occupying a specific ecological niche and designated by a common
scientific name.
species diversity index (~diversity) to express the species richness in a biological
community. Most diversity indices take into account not only the number of
species but also the number of individuals per species.
species interaction (types of) intra- and interspecific relationships: competition, commensalism, symbiosis, parasitism, predation, exclusion, etc.
specific heat the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit of
mass by one degree centigrade. The specific heat at constant pressure is
higher than that at constant volume. For seawater both depend on temperature and salinity. The product of the specific heat and the mass of a body is
called the heat capacity.