fluorescence microscopy
130
fluorescence microscopy a method using the fluorescence of objects in microscopic examination. While some objects can be autofluorescing, e.g., chlorophyll-bearing bodies such as chloroplasts, others must first be stained with
fluorochromes such as acridine orange. Light of specific wave lengths is
required to generate fluorescence, and in microscopy the quality of light is
controlled through a set of ftIters (exciter ftIter, beam splitter, barrier ftIter).
Fluorescence microscopy is used in biological oceanography to count, e.g.,
Bacteria, Protozoa and phytoplankton.
Flying Fish Expedition (1880-1886) surveyed in far-eastern waters under R.E
Hoskyn and later J.EL.P. Maclear and was ordered to return home via
Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, where Maclear collected rocks and
corals for John Murray. These Christmas Island samples turned out to be
rich in phosphate and Murray sent Henry Brougham Guppy to Christmas
Island ostensibly to study coral reefs but in fact to investigate the potentially valuable phosphate deposits. This trick was found out and Guppy was sent
to the Keeling Islands, where he could study coral reefs indeed as well as
tropical drift seeds. Murray successfully persuaded the English government
to annex Christmas Island and obtained a concession to work the phosphate
deposits. Part of the money he earned with this enterprise went to the publication of the Challenger reports (~Challenger Deep-Sea Expedition), he also
financed the Michael Sars Expedition in 1910.
food chain at the start or basis of the food chain, organic matter is produced by
plants (algae in the sea). It is eaten either alive by herbivores or dead by detritivores. These consumers of vegetable material are in turn eaten by carnivores
which are then eaten by top carnivores (or top predators), being the end or
top of the food chain. In such a way, organic matter is transferred along the
links (called trophic levels) of a food chain. This transfer is far from 100 % efficient, because living organisms need most of their food for maintenance
(~production efficiency). In practice, food chains are rarely linear, but are
branched and interwoven. Therefore, a more proper name is food web.
food web ~food chain.
Foraminifera (foraminifer(an)s, forams) phylum of the kingdom Protoctista (formerly seen as an order of the subphylum Sarcodina, phylum Sarcomastigophora,
~Protozoa), unicellular marine organisms living either on the bottom (benthic)
or floating in the water column (planktonic). They have either a usually multichambered shell, or reticulate pseudopodia, or, usually, both. Planktonic
species have a vacuolated outer layer of protoplasm. The shells are calcareous,
but are occasionally chitinous, siliceous, or gelatinous with embedded foreign
bodies. Planktonic foraminifers, e.g., Globigerina are so numerous that their
empty shells form the globigerina ooze which covers enormous areas of the
130
fluorescence microscopy a method using the fluorescence of objects in microscopic examination. While some objects can be autofluorescing, e.g., chlorophyll-bearing bodies such as chloroplasts, others must first be stained with
fluorochromes such as acridine orange. Light of specific wave lengths is
required to generate fluorescence, and in microscopy the quality of light is
controlled through a set of ftIters (exciter ftIter, beam splitter, barrier ftIter).
Fluorescence microscopy is used in biological oceanography to count, e.g.,
Bacteria, Protozoa and phytoplankton.
Flying Fish Expedition (1880-1886) surveyed in far-eastern waters under R.E
Hoskyn and later J.EL.P. Maclear and was ordered to return home via
Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean, where Maclear collected rocks and
corals for John Murray. These Christmas Island samples turned out to be
rich in phosphate and Murray sent Henry Brougham Guppy to Christmas
Island ostensibly to study coral reefs but in fact to investigate the potentially valuable phosphate deposits. This trick was found out and Guppy was sent
to the Keeling Islands, where he could study coral reefs indeed as well as
tropical drift seeds. Murray successfully persuaded the English government
to annex Christmas Island and obtained a concession to work the phosphate
deposits. Part of the money he earned with this enterprise went to the publication of the Challenger reports (~Challenger Deep-Sea Expedition), he also
financed the Michael Sars Expedition in 1910.
food chain at the start or basis of the food chain, organic matter is produced by
plants (algae in the sea). It is eaten either alive by herbivores or dead by detritivores. These consumers of vegetable material are in turn eaten by carnivores
which are then eaten by top carnivores (or top predators), being the end or
top of the food chain. In such a way, organic matter is transferred along the
links (called trophic levels) of a food chain. This transfer is far from 100 % efficient, because living organisms need most of their food for maintenance
(~production efficiency). In practice, food chains are rarely linear, but are
branched and interwoven. Therefore, a more proper name is food web.
food web ~food chain.
Foraminifera (foraminifer(an)s, forams) phylum of the kingdom Protoctista (formerly seen as an order of the subphylum Sarcodina, phylum Sarcomastigophora,
~Protozoa), unicellular marine organisms living either on the bottom (benthic)
or floating in the water column (planktonic). They have either a usually multichambered shell, or reticulate pseudopodia, or, usually, both. Planktonic
species have a vacuolated outer layer of protoplasm. The shells are calcareous,
but are occasionally chitinous, siliceous, or gelatinous with embedded foreign
bodies. Planktonic foraminifers, e.g., Globigerina are so numerous that their
empty shells form the globigerina ooze which covers enormous areas of the