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References
BOYLE, E. A., 1990, Quaternary deepwater paleoceanography. Science, 249, 863-870.
BAUMGARTNER, A., AND E.REICHEL, 1975, Die Weltwasserbilanz.
Oldenbourg Verlag,
Miichen, 179pp.
BRETHERTON, F.P., 1982, Ocean climate modeling. Progr. Oceanogr., 11, 93-129.
BROECKER, W.S., T-P.PENG, J.JOUZEL, AND G.RUSSELL, 1990, The magnitude of global
fresh-water transports of importance to ocean circulation. Clim. Dyn., 4, 73-79.
CUBASCH, U., K.HASSELMANN, H.HoCH, E.MAIER-REIMER, U.MIKOLAJEWICZ,
B.D.SANTER, AND R.SAUSEN, 1992, Time-dependent greenhouse warming
computations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Climate Dynamics, 8, 55-69.
GILL, A.E., 1982, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, London, 662 pp.
HALL, M.M., AND H.L.BRYDEN, 1982, Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport. Deep-Sea Res., 29, 339-359.
HANEY, R.L. 1971, Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models. J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 1, 241-248.
HUANG, R.X., J.R.LUYTEN, AND H.M.STOMMEL, 1992, Multiple equilibrium states in combined thermal and saline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 231-246.
HUGHES, T.C.M., AND A.J.WEAVER, 1994, Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin
model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 619-637.
LENDERINK, G., AND R.J.HAARSMA, 1994, Variability and multiple equilibria ofthe thermohaline circulation, associated with deep water formation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 14801493.
LOHMANN, G., R.GERDES, AND D.CHEN, 1996A, Sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation
in coupled oceanic GeM atmospheric EBM experiments. Clim. Dyn., in press.
LOHMANN, G., R.GERDES, AND D.CHEN, 1996B, Stability of the thermohaline circulation in
an analytical investigation. Submitted for publication.
MANABE, S., AND R.J .STOUFFER, 1988, Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere
model. J. Climate, 1, 841-866.
MANABE, S., AND R.J.STOUFFER, 1994, Multiple century response of a coupled oceanatmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Climate, 7, 5-23.
MAROTZKE, J., 1990, Instabilities and multiple equilibria of the thermohaline circulation.
Ph.D. thesis. Ber. lnst. Meeresk. Kiel, 194, 126pp.
MAROTZKE, J., 1994, Ocean models in climate problems. Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and A.R. Robinson, eds.,
Kluwer, 79-109.
MAROTZKE, J., AND P.H.STONE, 1995., Atmospheric transports, the thermohaline circulation, and flux adjustments in a simple coupled model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1350-1364.
References
BOYLE, E. A., 1990, Quaternary deepwater paleoceanography. Science, 249, 863-870.
BAUMGARTNER, A., AND E.REICHEL, 1975, Die Weltwasserbilanz.
Oldenbourg Verlag,
Miichen, 179pp.
BRETHERTON, F.P., 1982, Ocean climate modeling. Progr. Oceanogr., 11, 93-129.
BROECKER, W.S., T-P.PENG, J.JOUZEL, AND G.RUSSELL, 1990, The magnitude of global
fresh-water transports of importance to ocean circulation. Clim. Dyn., 4, 73-79.
CUBASCH, U., K.HASSELMANN, H.HoCH, E.MAIER-REIMER, U.MIKOLAJEWICZ,
B.D.SANTER, AND R.SAUSEN, 1992, Time-dependent greenhouse warming
computations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Climate Dynamics, 8, 55-69.
GILL, A.E., 1982, Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. Academic Press, London, 662 pp.
HALL, M.M., AND H.L.BRYDEN, 1982, Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport. Deep-Sea Res., 29, 339-359.
HANEY, R.L. 1971, Surface thermal boundary condition for ocean circulation models. J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 1, 241-248.
HUANG, R.X., J.R.LUYTEN, AND H.M.STOMMEL, 1992, Multiple equilibrium states in combined thermal and saline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 231-246.
HUGHES, T.C.M., AND A.J.WEAVER, 1994, Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin
model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 619-637.
LENDERINK, G., AND R.J.HAARSMA, 1994, Variability and multiple equilibria ofthe thermohaline circulation, associated with deep water formation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 14801493.
LOHMANN, G., R.GERDES, AND D.CHEN, 1996A, Sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation
in coupled oceanic GeM atmospheric EBM experiments. Clim. Dyn., in press.
LOHMANN, G., R.GERDES, AND D.CHEN, 1996B, Stability of the thermohaline circulation in
an analytical investigation. Submitted for publication.
MANABE, S., AND R.J .STOUFFER, 1988, Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere
model. J. Climate, 1, 841-866.
MANABE, S., AND R.J.STOUFFER, 1994, Multiple century response of a coupled oceanatmosphere model to an increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Climate, 7, 5-23.
MAROTZKE, J., 1990, Instabilities and multiple equilibria of the thermohaline circulation.
Ph.D. thesis. Ber. lnst. Meeresk. Kiel, 194, 126pp.
MAROTZKE, J., 1994, Ocean models in climate problems. Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics: Global and Mediterranean Examples, P. Malanotte-Rizzoli and A.R. Robinson, eds.,
Kluwer, 79-109.
MAROTZKE, J., AND P.H.STONE, 1995., Atmospheric transports, the thermohaline circulation, and flux adjustments in a simple coupled model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1350-1364.