330
T. Masubuchi and A. Nakajima
n = 1
2
3
4
5
6.89
6.58
7.03
6.28
6.58
7.11
5.75
5.75
5.14
4.70
3.61
3.81
5.75(3)
4.70(4)
4.14(5)
5.8(1)
4.9(1)
4.7(1)
3.83(5)
3.66(5)
Energy / eV
Vacuum level
Fig. 8.16 Quasi-band electronic structure of valence orbitals of V n Bz n + 1 . Bold-faced numbers indicate experimental values in eV with uncertainties in parentheses; 5.75(3) represents
5.75 ± 0.03 eV. Calculated values obtained by the simple Hückel model are given in italics. Solid
and open arrows indicate the lowest and the second lowest ionization processes from each HOMO
and HOMO – 1, respectively. They also correspond to the ionization processes observed in the
PIE spectra of Fig. 8.15, respectively. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [110]. Copyright 2002
American Chemical Society)
Fig. 8.17 An experimental setup for anion PES equipped with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer
for metal-organic cluster anions. Lasers, valves, and high-voltage electronic pulses are controlled
by a digital delay generator