294
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Von Holle , B. , Delcourt , H.R. & Simberloff , D. ( 2003 ) The
importance of biological inertia in plant community
resistance to invasion . Journal of Vegetation Science , 14 ,
425 – 432 .
Vrba , E. S. & DeGusta , D. ( 2004 ) Do species populations really
start small? New perspectives from the Late Neogene fossil
record of African mammals . Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 359 , 285 – 293 .
Walker , B.H. ( 1992 ) Biodiversity and ecological redundancy .
Conservation Biology , 6 , 18 – 23
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Waples , R.S. ( 1991 ) Pacifi c salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., and
the defi nition of a ‘ species ’ under the Endangered Species
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Wares , J.P. , Goldwater , D.S. , Kong , B.Y. & Cunningham , C.W.
( 2002 ) Refuting a controversial case of human - mediated
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Watson , J. , Freudenberger , D. & Paull , D. ( 2001 ) An assessment of the focal species approach for conserving birds
in variegated landscapes in southeastern Australia .
Conservation Biology , 15 , 1364 – 1373 .
Watson , J.E.M. , Whittaker , R.J. & Dawson , T.P. ( 2004 ) Habitat
structure and proximity to forest edge affect the abundance
and distribution of forest - dependent birds in tropical
coastal forests of southeastern Madagascar . Biological
Conservation , 120 , 311 – 327 .
Watson , J.E.M. , Whittaker , R.J. & Freudenberger , D. ( 2005 )
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how consistent are they across landscapes? Journal of
Biogeography , 32 , 1353 – 1370 .
Watson , J. , Fuller , R.A. & Barr , L. ( 2008 ) Why are we still using
a ‘ one size fi ts all ’ philosophy for systematic reserve planning
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Steinback , C. , Lourival , R. , Kircher , L. & Possingham , H.P.
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diversity theory to crane conservation . Quarterly Journal of
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Welch , D.M. & Meselson , M. ( 2000 ) Evidence for the evolution
of bdelloid rotifers without sexual reproduction or genetic
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Western , D. ( 2001 ) Human - modifi ed ecosystems and future
evolution . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA , 98 , 5458 – 5465 .
Westoby , M. , Walker , B. & Noy - Meir , I. ( 1989 ) Opportunistic
management for rangelands not at equilibrium . Journal of
Range Management , 42 , 266 – 274 .
Westphal , M.I. , Pickett , M. , Getz , W.M. & Possingham , H.P.
( 2003 ) The use of stochastic dynamic programming in
optimal landscape reconstruction for metapopulations .
Ecological Applications , 13 , 543 – 555 .
Wheeler , Q.D. & Meier , R. ( 2000 ) Species concepts and
phylogenetic theory: a debate . Columbia University Press ,
New York .
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Scientifi c American , 284 , 60 – 67 .
Whitfi eld , J. ( 2009 ) Bigfoot study highlights habitat modelling
fl aws . Nature News , doi: 10.1038/news.2009.641
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1953 ) A consideration of climax theory: the
climax as a population and pattern . Ecological Monographs ,
23 , 41 – 78 .
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1960 ) Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains,
Oregon and California . Ecological Monographs , 30 ,
279 – 338 .
Whittaker , R. H. ( 1972 ) Evolution and measurement of
species diversity . Taxon , 21 , 213 – 251 .
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1975 ) Communities and ecosystems , 2nd edn .
Macmillan , New York .
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1977 ) Evolution of species diversity in land
communities . Evolutionary biology (ed. by M.K. Hecht , W.C.
Steere and B. Wallace ), pp. 250 – 268 . Plenum Press , New
York .
Whittaker , R.J. & Fern á ndez - Palacios , J.M. ( 2007 ) Island biogeography: ecology, evolution, and conservation , 2nd edn .
Oxford University Press , Oxford .
Whittaker , R.J. , Willis , K.J. & Field , R. ( 2001 ) Scale and species
richness: towards a general, hierarchical theory of species
diversity . Journal of Biogeography , 28 , 453 – 470 .
Whittaker , R.J. , Ara ú jo , M.B. , Jepson , P. , Ladle , R.J. , Watson ,
J.E.M. & Willis , K.J. ( 2005 ) Conservation biogeography:
assessment and prospect . Diversity and Distributions , 11 ,
3 – 23 .
References
extinctions in Madagascar . Journal of Biogeography , 37 ,
506 – 519 .
Vogler , A.P. & Desalle , R. ( 1994 ) Diagnosing units of conservation management . Conservation Biology , 8 , 354 – 363
Von Holle , B. , Delcourt , H.R. & Simberloff , D. ( 2003 ) The
importance of biological inertia in plant community
resistance to invasion . Journal of Vegetation Science , 14 ,
425 – 432 .
Vrba , E. S. & DeGusta , D. ( 2004 ) Do species populations really
start small? New perspectives from the Late Neogene fossil
record of African mammals . Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 359 , 285 – 293 .
Walker , B.H. ( 1992 ) Biodiversity and ecological redundancy .
Conservation Biology , 6 , 18 – 23
Wallace , A.R. ( 1852 ) On the monkeys of the Amazon .
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London , 20 ,
107 – 110 .
Wallace , A.R. ( 1876 ) The geographical distribution of animals .
Macmillan , London .
Waples , R.S. ( 1991 ) Pacifi c salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., and
the defi nition of a ‘ species ’ under the Endangered Species
Act . Marine Fisheries Review , 53 , 11 – 22
Wares , J.P. , Goldwater , D.S. , Kong , B.Y. & Cunningham , C.W.
( 2002 ) Refuting a controversial case of human - mediated
marine species introduction . Ecology Letters , 5 , 577 – 584 .
Watson , H.C. ( 1859 ) Cybele Britannica, or British plants and
their geographical relations . Longman and Company , London .
Watson , J. , Freudenberger , D. & Paull , D. ( 2001 ) An assessment of the focal species approach for conserving birds
in variegated landscapes in southeastern Australia .
Conservation Biology , 15 , 1364 – 1373 .
Watson , J.E.M. , Whittaker , R.J. & Dawson , T.P. ( 2004 ) Habitat
structure and proximity to forest edge affect the abundance
and distribution of forest - dependent birds in tropical
coastal forests of southeastern Madagascar . Biological
Conservation , 120 , 311 – 327 .
Watson , J.E.M. , Whittaker , R.J. & Freudenberger , D. ( 2005 )
Bird community responses to habitat fragmentation:
how consistent are they across landscapes? Journal of
Biogeography , 32 , 1353 – 1370 .
Watson , J. , Fuller , R.A. & Barr , L. ( 2008 ) Why are we still using
a ‘ one size fi ts all ’ philosophy for systematic reserve planning
in Australia? Pacifi c Conservation Biology , 14 , 233 – 235 .
Watson , J.E.M. , Fuller , R.A. , Watson , A.W.T. , Mackey , B.G. ,
Wilson , K.A. , Grantham , H.S. , Turner , M. , Klein , C.J. ,
Carwardine , J. , Joseph , L.N. & Possingham , H.P. ( 2009 )
Wilderness and future conservation priorities in Australia .
Diversity and Distributions , 15 , 1028 – 1036 .
Watt , A.S. ( 1947 ) Pattern and process in the plant community .
Journal of Ecology , 35 , 1 – 22 .
Watts , M.E. , Ball , I.R. , Stewart , R.S. , Klein , C.A. , Wilson , K.A. ,
Steinback , C. , Lourival , R. , Kircher , L. & Possingham , H.P.
( 2009 ) Marxan with Zones – software for optimal conservation - based land - and sea - use zoning . Environmental
Modelling and Software , 24 , 1513 – 1521 .
Weaver , J. & Clements , F.E. ( 1938 ) Plant ecology , 2nd edn .
Macmillian , London .
Webb , C.O. , Ackerly , D.D. , McPeek , M.A. & Donoghue , M.J.
( 2002 ) Phylogenies and community ecology . Annual Review
of Ecology and Systematics , 33 , 475 – 505 .
Webb , T.J. & Gaston , K.J. ( 2000 ) Geographic range size and
evolutionary age in birds . Proceedings of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences , 267 , 1843 – 1850 .
Weitzman , M.L. ( 1993 ) What to preserve? An application of
diversity theory to crane conservation . Quarterly Journal of
Economics , 108 , 157 – 183 .
Welch , D.M. & Meselson , M. ( 2000 ) Evidence for the evolution
of bdelloid rotifers without sexual reproduction or genetic
exchange . Science , 288 , 1211 – 1215 .
Western , D. ( 2001 ) Human - modifi ed ecosystems and future
evolution . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
USA , 98 , 5458 – 5465 .
Westoby , M. , Walker , B. & Noy - Meir , I. ( 1989 ) Opportunistic
management for rangelands not at equilibrium . Journal of
Range Management , 42 , 266 – 274 .
Westphal , M.I. , Pickett , M. , Getz , W.M. & Possingham , H.P.
( 2003 ) The use of stochastic dynamic programming in
optimal landscape reconstruction for metapopulations .
Ecological Applications , 13 , 543 – 555 .
Wheeler , Q.D. & Meier , R. ( 2000 ) Species concepts and
phylogenetic theory: a debate . Columbia University Press ,
New York .
Whiten , A. & Boesch , C. ( 2001 ) The cultures of chimpanzees .
Scientifi c American , 284 , 60 – 67 .
Whitfi eld , J. ( 2009 ) Bigfoot study highlights habitat modelling
fl aws . Nature News , doi: 10.1038/news.2009.641
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1953 ) A consideration of climax theory: the
climax as a population and pattern . Ecological Monographs ,
23 , 41 – 78 .
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1960 ) Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains,
Oregon and California . Ecological Monographs , 30 ,
279 – 338 .
Whittaker , R. H. ( 1972 ) Evolution and measurement of
species diversity . Taxon , 21 , 213 – 251 .
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1975 ) Communities and ecosystems , 2nd edn .
Macmillan , New York .
Whittaker , R.H. ( 1977 ) Evolution of species diversity in land
communities . Evolutionary biology (ed. by M.K. Hecht , W.C.
Steere and B. Wallace ), pp. 250 – 268 . Plenum Press , New
York .
Whittaker , R.J. & Fern á ndez - Palacios , J.M. ( 2007 ) Island biogeography: ecology, evolution, and conservation , 2nd edn .
Oxford University Press , Oxford .
Whittaker , R.J. , Willis , K.J. & Field , R. ( 2001 ) Scale and species
richness: towards a general, hierarchical theory of species
diversity . Journal of Biogeography , 28 , 453 – 470 .
Whittaker , R.J. , Ara ú jo , M.B. , Jepson , P. , Ladle , R.J. , Watson ,
J.E.M. & Willis , K.J. ( 2005 ) Conservation biogeography:
assessment and prospect . Diversity and Distributions , 11 ,
3 – 23 .