References
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Halpern , B.S. , Walbridge , S. , Selkoe , K.A. , Kappel , C.V. ,
Micheli , F. , D ’ Agrosa , C. , Bruno , J.F. , Casey , K.S. , Ebert , C. ,
Fox , H.E. , Fujita , R. , Heinemann , D. , Lenihan , H.S. , Madin ,
E.M.P. , Terry , M.P. , Selig , E.R. , Spalding , M. , Steneck , R. &
Watson , R. ( 2008 ) A global map of human impact on
marine ecosystems . Science , 319 , 948 – 952 .
Hannah , L. & Hansen , L. ( 2005 ) Designing landscapes and
seascapes for change . Climate change and biodiversity (ed. by
T. Lovejoy and L. Hannah ), pp. 329 – 341 . Yale University
Press , New Haven and London .
Hannah , L. , Midgley , G.F. , Lovejoy , T. , Bond , W.J. , Bush , M.B. ,
Lovett , J.C. , Scott , D. & Woodward , F. I. ( 2002a ) Conservation
of biodiversity in a changing climate . Conservation Biology ,
16 , 264 – 268 .
Hannah , L. , Midgley , G.F. & Millar , D. ( 2002b ) Climate change -
integrated conservation strategies . Global Ecology and
Biogeography , 11 , 485 – 495 .
Hannah , L. , Midgley , G. , Andelman , S. , Ara ú jo , M. , Hughes ,
G. , Martinez - Meyer , E. , Pearson , R. & Williams , P. ( 2007 )
Protected area needs in a changing climate . Frontiers in
Ecology and the Environment , 5 , 131 – 138 .
Hansen , M.C. , Shimabukuro , Y.E. , Potapov , P. & Pittman , K.
( 2008 ) Comparing annual MODIS and PRODES forest cover
change data for advancing monitoring of Brazilian forest
cover . Remote Sensing of Environment , 112 , 3784 – 3793 .
Hanski , I. ( 1999 ) Metapopulation ecology . Oxford University
Press , Oxford .
Hanski , I. & Gilpin , M. ( 1991 ) Metapopulation dynamics:
brief history and conceptual domain . Biological Journal of
the Linnean Society , 42 , 3 – 16 .
Harris , G. & Pimm , S.L. ( 2008 ) Range size and extinction risk
in forest birds . Conservation Biology , 22 , 163 – 171 .
Harris , L.D. ( 1984 ) The fragmented forest: island biogeography
theory and the preservation of biotic diversity . University of
Chicago Press , Chicago .
Harris , P.T. ( 2007 ) High seas and marine protected areas .
AusGeo News , 86 , 1 – 3 .
Harris , P.T. & Whiteway , T. ( 2009 ) High seas marine protected
areas: benthic environmental conservation priorities from
a GIS analysis of global ocean biophysical data . Ocean and
Coastal Management , 52 , 22 – 38 .
Harrison , S. ( 1991 ) Local extinction in a metapopulation
context: an empirical evaluation . Biological Journal of the
Linnean Society , 42 , 73 – 88 .
Harrison , S. & Taylor , A.D. ( 1997 ) Empirical evidence for
metapopulation dynamics . Metapopulation dynamics:
ecology, genetics and evolution (ed. by I. Hanski and M.E.
Gilpin ), pp. 27 – 42 . Academic Press , New York .
Harrison , S. , Stahl , A. & Doak , D. ( 1993 ) Spatial models and
spotted owls: exploring some biological issues behind recent
events . Conservation Biology , 7 , 950 – 953 .
Harrison , S.P. , Braconnot , P. , Joussaume , S. , Hewitt , C. &
Stouffer , R.J. ( 2002 ) Comparison of palaeoclimate simulations enhances confi dence in models . Transactions of the
American Geophysical Union , 83 , 447 .
Hayden , B.P. , Ray , G.C. & Dolan , R. ( 1984 ) Classifi cation of
coastal and marine environments . Environmental
Conservation , 11 , 199 – 207 .
Heath , M.F. , Evans , M.I. , Hoccom , D.G. , Payne , A.J. & Peet ,
N.B. ( 2000 ) Important Bird Areas in Europe: priority sites for
conservation , BirdLife International , Cambridge, UK .
Hebert , P.D.N. , Cywinska , A. , Ball , S.L. & Dewaard , J.R.
( 2003 ) Biological identifi cations through DNA barcodes .
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 270 ,
313 – 321 .
Hedgepeth , J.W. (ed.) ( 1957 ) Treatise on marine ecology and
paleoecology . The Geological Society of America Memoir 67.
Geological Society of America , NY .
Hennig , W. ( 1966 ) Phylogenetic systematics . The University of
Illinois Press , Urbana, IL .
Hernandez , P.A. , Graham , C.H. , Master , L.L. & Albert , D.L.
( 2006 ) The effect of sample size and species characteristics
on performance of different species distribution modeling
methods . Ecography , 29 , 773 – 785 .
Hewitt , G. ( 2000 ) The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice
ages . Nature , 405 , 907 – 913 .
Heywood , V.H. , Mace , G.M. , May , R.M. , Stuart , S.N. ( 1994 )
Uncertainties in extinction rates . Nature , 368 , 105 .
Hickling , R. , Roy , D.B. , Hill , J.K. , Fox , R. & Thomas , C.D.
( 2006 ) The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic
groups are expanding polewards . Global Change Biology ,
12 , 450 – 455 .
Hicks , A.P. ( 1989 ) Whatever happened to the Allegheny
woodrat? The Conservationist , 43 , 34 – 38 .
Higgins , C.L. , Willig , M.R. & Strauss , R.E. ( 2006 ) The role of
stochastic processes in producing nested patterns of species
distributions . Oikos , 114 , 159 – 167 .
Hilborn , R. , Stokes , K. , Maguire , J. - J. , Smith , T. , Botsford , L.W. ,
Mangel , M. , Orensanz , J. , Parma , A. , Rice , J. , Bell , J. ,
Cochrane , K.L. , Garcia , S. , Hall , S.J. , Kirkwood , G.P. ,
Sainsbury , K. , Stefansson , G. & Walters , C. ( 2004 ) When
can marine reserves improve fi sheries management? Ocean
and Coastal Management , 47 , 197 – 205 .
Hinsley , S.A. , Bellamy , P.E. , Newton , I. & Sparks , T.H. ( 1996 )
Infl uences of population size and woodland area on bird
species distribution in small woods . Oecologia , 105 ,
100 – 106 .
Hislop , C. ( 2007 ) High seas marine protected area policy
development: macro - goals or micro - actions? The
Environmentalist , 27 , 119 – 129 .
Hoagstrom , C.W. , Wall , S.S. , Kral , J.G. , Blackwell , B.G. & Berry ,
C.R. ( 2007 ) Zoogeographic patterns and faunal change of
South Dakota fi shes . Western North American Naturalist , 67 ,
161 – 184 .
Hobbs , R.J. ( 1992 ) The role of corridors in conservation: solution or bandwagon? Trends in Ecology & Evolution , 7 ,
389 – 392 .
Hobbs , R.J. , Arico , S. , Aronson , J. , Baron , J.S. , Bridgewater , P. ,
Cramer , V.A. , Epstein , P.R. , Ewel , J.J. , Klink , C.A. , Lugo , A.E. ,
Norton , D. , Ojima , D. , Richardson , D.M. , Sanderson , E.W. ,
275
Halpern , B.S. , Walbridge , S. , Selkoe , K.A. , Kappel , C.V. ,
Micheli , F. , D ’ Agrosa , C. , Bruno , J.F. , Casey , K.S. , Ebert , C. ,
Fox , H.E. , Fujita , R. , Heinemann , D. , Lenihan , H.S. , Madin ,
E.M.P. , Terry , M.P. , Selig , E.R. , Spalding , M. , Steneck , R. &
Watson , R. ( 2008 ) A global map of human impact on
marine ecosystems . Science , 319 , 948 – 952 .
Hannah , L. & Hansen , L. ( 2005 ) Designing landscapes and
seascapes for change . Climate change and biodiversity (ed. by
T. Lovejoy and L. Hannah ), pp. 329 – 341 . Yale University
Press , New Haven and London .
Hannah , L. , Midgley , G.F. , Lovejoy , T. , Bond , W.J. , Bush , M.B. ,
Lovett , J.C. , Scott , D. & Woodward , F. I. ( 2002a ) Conservation
of biodiversity in a changing climate . Conservation Biology ,
16 , 264 – 268 .
Hannah , L. , Midgley , G.F. & Millar , D. ( 2002b ) Climate change -
integrated conservation strategies . Global Ecology and
Biogeography , 11 , 485 – 495 .
Hannah , L. , Midgley , G. , Andelman , S. , Ara ú jo , M. , Hughes ,
G. , Martinez - Meyer , E. , Pearson , R. & Williams , P. ( 2007 )
Protected area needs in a changing climate . Frontiers in
Ecology and the Environment , 5 , 131 – 138 .
Hansen , M.C. , Shimabukuro , Y.E. , Potapov , P. & Pittman , K.
( 2008 ) Comparing annual MODIS and PRODES forest cover
change data for advancing monitoring of Brazilian forest
cover . Remote Sensing of Environment , 112 , 3784 – 3793 .
Hanski , I. ( 1999 ) Metapopulation ecology . Oxford University
Press , Oxford .
Hanski , I. & Gilpin , M. ( 1991 ) Metapopulation dynamics:
brief history and conceptual domain . Biological Journal of
the Linnean Society , 42 , 3 – 16 .
Harris , G. & Pimm , S.L. ( 2008 ) Range size and extinction risk
in forest birds . Conservation Biology , 22 , 163 – 171 .
Harris , L.D. ( 1984 ) The fragmented forest: island biogeography
theory and the preservation of biotic diversity . University of
Chicago Press , Chicago .
Harris , P.T. ( 2007 ) High seas and marine protected areas .
AusGeo News , 86 , 1 – 3 .
Harris , P.T. & Whiteway , T. ( 2009 ) High seas marine protected
areas: benthic environmental conservation priorities from
a GIS analysis of global ocean biophysical data . Ocean and
Coastal Management , 52 , 22 – 38 .
Harrison , S. ( 1991 ) Local extinction in a metapopulation
context: an empirical evaluation . Biological Journal of the
Linnean Society , 42 , 73 – 88 .
Harrison , S. & Taylor , A.D. ( 1997 ) Empirical evidence for
metapopulation dynamics . Metapopulation dynamics:
ecology, genetics and evolution (ed. by I. Hanski and M.E.
Gilpin ), pp. 27 – 42 . Academic Press , New York .
Harrison , S. , Stahl , A. & Doak , D. ( 1993 ) Spatial models and
spotted owls: exploring some biological issues behind recent
events . Conservation Biology , 7 , 950 – 953 .
Harrison , S.P. , Braconnot , P. , Joussaume , S. , Hewitt , C. &
Stouffer , R.J. ( 2002 ) Comparison of palaeoclimate simulations enhances confi dence in models . Transactions of the
American Geophysical Union , 83 , 447 .
Hayden , B.P. , Ray , G.C. & Dolan , R. ( 1984 ) Classifi cation of
coastal and marine environments . Environmental
Conservation , 11 , 199 – 207 .
Heath , M.F. , Evans , M.I. , Hoccom , D.G. , Payne , A.J. & Peet ,
N.B. ( 2000 ) Important Bird Areas in Europe: priority sites for
conservation , BirdLife International , Cambridge, UK .
Hebert , P.D.N. , Cywinska , A. , Ball , S.L. & Dewaard , J.R.
( 2003 ) Biological identifi cations through DNA barcodes .
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , 270 ,
313 – 321 .
Hedgepeth , J.W. (ed.) ( 1957 ) Treatise on marine ecology and
paleoecology . The Geological Society of America Memoir 67.
Geological Society of America , NY .
Hennig , W. ( 1966 ) Phylogenetic systematics . The University of
Illinois Press , Urbana, IL .
Hernandez , P.A. , Graham , C.H. , Master , L.L. & Albert , D.L.
( 2006 ) The effect of sample size and species characteristics
on performance of different species distribution modeling
methods . Ecography , 29 , 773 – 785 .
Hewitt , G. ( 2000 ) The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice
ages . Nature , 405 , 907 – 913 .
Heywood , V.H. , Mace , G.M. , May , R.M. , Stuart , S.N. ( 1994 )
Uncertainties in extinction rates . Nature , 368 , 105 .
Hickling , R. , Roy , D.B. , Hill , J.K. , Fox , R. & Thomas , C.D.
( 2006 ) The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic
groups are expanding polewards . Global Change Biology ,
12 , 450 – 455 .
Hicks , A.P. ( 1989 ) Whatever happened to the Allegheny
woodrat? The Conservationist , 43 , 34 – 38 .
Higgins , C.L. , Willig , M.R. & Strauss , R.E. ( 2006 ) The role of
stochastic processes in producing nested patterns of species
distributions . Oikos , 114 , 159 – 167 .
Hilborn , R. , Stokes , K. , Maguire , J. - J. , Smith , T. , Botsford , L.W. ,
Mangel , M. , Orensanz , J. , Parma , A. , Rice , J. , Bell , J. ,
Cochrane , K.L. , Garcia , S. , Hall , S.J. , Kirkwood , G.P. ,
Sainsbury , K. , Stefansson , G. & Walters , C. ( 2004 ) When
can marine reserves improve fi sheries management? Ocean
and Coastal Management , 47 , 197 – 205 .
Hinsley , S.A. , Bellamy , P.E. , Newton , I. & Sparks , T.H. ( 1996 )
Infl uences of population size and woodland area on bird
species distribution in small woods . Oecologia , 105 ,
100 – 106 .
Hislop , C. ( 2007 ) High seas marine protected area policy
development: macro - goals or micro - actions? The
Environmentalist , 27 , 119 – 129 .
Hoagstrom , C.W. , Wall , S.S. , Kral , J.G. , Blackwell , B.G. & Berry ,
C.R. ( 2007 ) Zoogeographic patterns and faunal change of
South Dakota fi shes . Western North American Naturalist , 67 ,
161 – 184 .
Hobbs , R.J. ( 1992 ) The role of corridors in conservation: solution or bandwagon? Trends in Ecology & Evolution , 7 ,
389 – 392 .
Hobbs , R.J. , Arico , S. , Aronson , J. , Baron , J.S. , Bridgewater , P. ,
Cramer , V.A. , Epstein , P.R. , Ewel , J.J. , Klink , C.A. , Lugo , A.E. ,
Norton , D. , Ojima , D. , Richardson , D.M. , Sanderson , E.W. ,