GENERAL INDEX
563
Shell, in disposal of Brent Spar, 435
Shetland–Greenland Ridge (Atlantic Ocean), 428
ship losses, 432
– nuclear submarines, 439
– Titanic, 432
shipboard core incubations, 158
shipwrecks, 435
shrimps
– brooding, 394
– heavy metals, 430
– hermaphrodites, 392
– hydrothermal vents, 414
– in reducing environments, 97, 98
– marriage shrimps, 388
– Mediterranean Sea, 49, 281
– reproduction, 388, 392
– Rimicaris exoculata, 97, 98, 391, 392, 394, 414
– symbiosis, 95, 98
– whale carcasses, 19
Sierra Leone Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 25
silica, 274
silicate, 49
siliceous (diatomaceous) oozes, 118
siliceous oozes, 225, 268
silicoflagellates, 121
– particle production, 9
silt, 276
silvering of fish flanks, 56
sinking particulate carbon, 320
sinking rates of particles, 319
siphonophores, 55
– buoyancy, 73
sipunculans, 126, 132, 133, 164, 284, 336, 346, 351, 408, 453
– burrows, 133
– Vøring Plateau (Atlantic Ocean), 133
size, see body size
skeletal growth bands, 350, 352
sleds, 12, 13
– camera, 12
slickheads, 156
small animals
– strategies of particle utilization, 332
smothering, of the benthic community, 315, 319, 323
Snell’s circle, 55
snowblower vents, 87
soft-bottom fauna, 432, 453
Sohm Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean), 152
solar illumination, 119
Somali Basin (Indian Ocean), 220, 223
Somali Current, 60
somatic growth, 342, 352
somatic production, 316, 349, 350
“Sonderforschungsbereich” 313 (University of Kiel, Germany),
132
South Atlantic Bight (Atlantic Ocean), 128–131
– effects of depth on densities, 158
South Atlantic Central Water, 68
South Atlantic Tropical Gyre, 119, 120
South Equatorial Current (Indian Ocean), 220
South Indian Basin (Southern Ocean), 249, 250
South Sandwich Trench (Atlantic Ocean), 115
Southeast Indian Ridge (Southern/Indian Oceans), 249
Southern Hemisphere, sea-surface temperatures, 45
Southern Ocean, 182, 220
– bathymetry, 249
– biogeography, 253–255
– biomass, 254
– boundary with the Atlantic Ocean, 111
– characteristics, 48, 49
– chlorophyll, 253
– coccolithophorids, 252
– colonization by isopods, 254
– dead body rain, 254, 320
– definition, 239, 249
– drop-stones, 252
– evolutionary history
– – climate change, 254–256
– hydrothermal vents, 253
– ice rafting, 252
– isopods, 254, 255
– – phylogenetic analysis, 255
– marginal ice zone, 253
– nitrate concentrations, 52
– oceanography, 250
– ostracods, 64
– primary production, 253
– – iron limitation, 253
– sampling, 252, 253
– secondary production, 253
– sediments, 251, 252
– siliceous oozes, 473
– species distribution, 254
– turbidity currents, 252
– vertical flux, 252, 253
Southwest Indian Basin (Indian Ocean)
– bottom currents, 225
– sediments, 225
Southwest Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean), 225
– hydrothermal vents, 235
Southwest Monsoon Current (Indian Ocean), 220
sovereign right in relation to Maritime Law, 458
Soya Strait (Sea of Japan), 274
Soya Warm Current (Sea of Japan), 276
spawning
– aggregation, 411
– cnidarians, 403
– echinoderms, 398, 401
– epidemic, 411
– ice worm, 385
– periodicity, 382
– polychaetes, 385
– Riftia pachyptila, 385
– timing of reproduction, 409
speciation, 60
– rates, 61
species distribution
– abyssal assemblages, 281
– Arctic Ocean, 244–246
563
Shell, in disposal of Brent Spar, 435
Shetland–Greenland Ridge (Atlantic Ocean), 428
ship losses, 432
– nuclear submarines, 439
– Titanic, 432
shipboard core incubations, 158
shipwrecks, 435
shrimps
– brooding, 394
– heavy metals, 430
– hermaphrodites, 392
– hydrothermal vents, 414
– in reducing environments, 97, 98
– marriage shrimps, 388
– Mediterranean Sea, 49, 281
– reproduction, 388, 392
– Rimicaris exoculata, 97, 98, 391, 392, 394, 414
– symbiosis, 95, 98
– whale carcasses, 19
Sierra Leone Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 25
silica, 274
silicate, 49
siliceous (diatomaceous) oozes, 118
siliceous oozes, 225, 268
silicoflagellates, 121
– particle production, 9
silt, 276
silvering of fish flanks, 56
sinking particulate carbon, 320
sinking rates of particles, 319
siphonophores, 55
– buoyancy, 73
sipunculans, 126, 132, 133, 164, 284, 336, 346, 351, 408, 453
– burrows, 133
– Vøring Plateau (Atlantic Ocean), 133
size, see body size
skeletal growth bands, 350, 352
sleds, 12, 13
– camera, 12
slickheads, 156
small animals
– strategies of particle utilization, 332
smothering, of the benthic community, 315, 319, 323
Snell’s circle, 55
snowblower vents, 87
soft-bottom fauna, 432, 453
Sohm Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean), 152
solar illumination, 119
Somali Basin (Indian Ocean), 220, 223
Somali Current, 60
somatic growth, 342, 352
somatic production, 316, 349, 350
“Sonderforschungsbereich” 313 (University of Kiel, Germany),
132
South Atlantic Bight (Atlantic Ocean), 128–131
– effects of depth on densities, 158
South Atlantic Central Water, 68
South Atlantic Tropical Gyre, 119, 120
South Equatorial Current (Indian Ocean), 220
South Indian Basin (Southern Ocean), 249, 250
South Sandwich Trench (Atlantic Ocean), 115
Southeast Indian Ridge (Southern/Indian Oceans), 249
Southern Hemisphere, sea-surface temperatures, 45
Southern Ocean, 182, 220
– bathymetry, 249
– biogeography, 253–255
– biomass, 254
– boundary with the Atlantic Ocean, 111
– characteristics, 48, 49
– chlorophyll, 253
– coccolithophorids, 252
– colonization by isopods, 254
– dead body rain, 254, 320
– definition, 239, 249
– drop-stones, 252
– evolutionary history
– – climate change, 254–256
– hydrothermal vents, 253
– ice rafting, 252
– isopods, 254, 255
– – phylogenetic analysis, 255
– marginal ice zone, 253
– nitrate concentrations, 52
– oceanography, 250
– ostracods, 64
– primary production, 253
– – iron limitation, 253
– sampling, 252, 253
– secondary production, 253
– sediments, 251, 252
– siliceous oozes, 473
– species distribution, 254
– turbidity currents, 252
– vertical flux, 252, 253
Southwest Indian Basin (Indian Ocean)
– bottom currents, 225
– sediments, 225
Southwest Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean), 225
– hydrothermal vents, 235
Southwest Monsoon Current (Indian Ocean), 220
sovereign right in relation to Maritime Law, 458
Soya Strait (Sea of Japan), 274
Soya Warm Current (Sea of Japan), 276
spawning
– aggregation, 411
– cnidarians, 403
– echinoderms, 398, 401
– epidemic, 411
– ice worm, 385
– periodicity, 382
– polychaetes, 385
– Riftia pachyptila, 385
– timing of reproduction, 409
speciation, 60
– rates, 61
species distribution
– abyssal assemblages, 281
– Arctic Ocean, 244–246