GENERAL INDEX
559
– species richness, 63
– time-series studies, 116
rocky-substratum fauna, 473
role of bacteria, 154
Romanche Fracture Zone (Atlantic Ocean), 113, 116
Ross Sea (Southern Ocean), 182, 251
ROV, see remotely operated vehicles
sablefish, 151, 192
safety in discharges from ships, 432
Sagami Bay (Japan), 97, 412
salinity, 7
– Antarctic Bottom Water, 251
– Brine Pool (Gulf of Mexico), 285
– Caribbean Sea, 270
– definition, 40
– effect of freezing, 42
– effects on species diversity, 287
– evaporation, 261
– Gulf of Mexico, 271
– hypersaline basins, 7
– Mediterranean Sea, 49, 263, 264
– Red Sea, 49, 267, 268
– Sea of Japan, 276
– Sea of Okhotsk, 276, 278
salps, 54, 55, 122, 265, 318, 319
– faecal pellets, 320, 325
– growth rate, 319
– swarms of, 319
salt brines, 431
sampling
– Baffin Bay, 1
– effects of, 62
– methods, 297
– screens, 113
– seeps, 85
– Southern Ocean, 252, 253
sampling artifact, 301
sampling gear, 12–14
– box corers, 13, 138, 297, 298
– corers, 13
– costs and benefits, 16
– deliberate corers, 14
– Ekman corers, 14
– epibenthic sleds, 12, 296, 297, 299, 300
– hyperbenthic sledges, 13
– sledges, 12
– trawls, 12
San Diego Trough (Pacific Ocean), 180, 189, 383
– biomass, 189
– mudball-building cirratulids, 228
– polychaetes, 193
– reproduction
– – crustaceans, 390
– – echinoderms, 399
– – molluscs, 393
San Pedro Basin (Pacific Ocean), 185
sand dollar, 400
Sanders’ rarefaction method, 307
Sanders stability–time hypothesis, 295, 296
Santa Barbara Basin (Pacific Ocean), 7, 185
Santa Catalina Basin (Pacific Ocean), 180, 186, 187, 192
– biomass, 191
– – megafaunal, 189
– – microbial, 189
– – ratios, 189
– bottom-water oxygen, 189
– carcasses, 191
– deposit feeders, 193
– food supply, 191
– megafauna, 186
– mudball-building cirratulids, 228
– ophiuroids, 189
– organic-carbon content of sediments, 193
– predators, 194
– recolonization rates, 196
– sediment mixing rates, 195
– vertical flux, 191
Santa Monica Basin (Pacific Ocean), 185
Sargasso Sea (Atlantic Ocean), 66
– diversity, 124
– manganese nodules, 119
– particle flux, 321
– phytodetritus, 121
– plant remains, 354
– red clay, 118
– respiration rates, 159
– seasonality, 121
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 336
sarin, 434
satellite imagery, 119
Sawu (Savu) Basin (Indonesian Seas), 272, 273
scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), 456
scale worms, 383, 384, 386
scaphopods, 126, 338, 393, 395
– Rockall Trough, 134
scavengers, 21, 314, 320, 351, 354, 355, 366, 475
– adaptations, 209
– amphipods, 59
– Atlantic Ocean, 127, 151
– AUDOS experiments, 153
– biomass of, 358
– carideans, 357
– community, 317, 332
– – biomass of, 358
– facultative, 357
– faeces of, 358
– fish, 355, 357, 358
– – foraging patterns, 359
– giant lysianassid amphipods, 207, 209, 212, 356
– obligate or facultative?, 357
– – amphipods, 357
– opportunists, 332
– Pacific Ocean, 151, 212
– – California slope, 191–193
– – deep ocean trenches, 212
– – equatorial Pacific, 203, 204
– – Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 206–209
559
– species richness, 63
– time-series studies, 116
rocky-substratum fauna, 473
role of bacteria, 154
Romanche Fracture Zone (Atlantic Ocean), 113, 116
Ross Sea (Southern Ocean), 182, 251
ROV, see remotely operated vehicles
sablefish, 151, 192
safety in discharges from ships, 432
Sagami Bay (Japan), 97, 412
salinity, 7
– Antarctic Bottom Water, 251
– Brine Pool (Gulf of Mexico), 285
– Caribbean Sea, 270
– definition, 40
– effect of freezing, 42
– effects on species diversity, 287
– evaporation, 261
– Gulf of Mexico, 271
– hypersaline basins, 7
– Mediterranean Sea, 49, 263, 264
– Red Sea, 49, 267, 268
– Sea of Japan, 276
– Sea of Okhotsk, 276, 278
salps, 54, 55, 122, 265, 318, 319
– faecal pellets, 320, 325
– growth rate, 319
– swarms of, 319
salt brines, 431
sampling
– Baffin Bay, 1
– effects of, 62
– methods, 297
– screens, 113
– seeps, 85
– Southern Ocean, 252, 253
sampling artifact, 301
sampling gear, 12–14
– box corers, 13, 138, 297, 298
– corers, 13
– costs and benefits, 16
– deliberate corers, 14
– Ekman corers, 14
– epibenthic sleds, 12, 296, 297, 299, 300
– hyperbenthic sledges, 13
– sledges, 12
– trawls, 12
San Diego Trough (Pacific Ocean), 180, 189, 383
– biomass, 189
– mudball-building cirratulids, 228
– polychaetes, 193
– reproduction
– – crustaceans, 390
– – echinoderms, 399
– – molluscs, 393
San Pedro Basin (Pacific Ocean), 185
sand dollar, 400
Sanders’ rarefaction method, 307
Sanders stability–time hypothesis, 295, 296
Santa Barbara Basin (Pacific Ocean), 7, 185
Santa Catalina Basin (Pacific Ocean), 180, 186, 187, 192
– biomass, 191
– – megafaunal, 189
– – microbial, 189
– – ratios, 189
– bottom-water oxygen, 189
– carcasses, 191
– deposit feeders, 193
– food supply, 191
– megafauna, 186
– mudball-building cirratulids, 228
– ophiuroids, 189
– organic-carbon content of sediments, 193
– predators, 194
– recolonization rates, 196
– sediment mixing rates, 195
– vertical flux, 191
Santa Monica Basin (Pacific Ocean), 185
Sargasso Sea (Atlantic Ocean), 66
– diversity, 124
– manganese nodules, 119
– particle flux, 321
– phytodetritus, 121
– plant remains, 354
– red clay, 118
– respiration rates, 159
– seasonality, 121
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 336
sarin, 434
satellite imagery, 119
Sawu (Savu) Basin (Indonesian Seas), 272, 273
scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo), 456
scale worms, 383, 384, 386
scaphopods, 126, 338, 393, 395
– Rockall Trough, 134
scavengers, 21, 314, 320, 351, 354, 355, 366, 475
– adaptations, 209
– amphipods, 59
– Atlantic Ocean, 127, 151
– AUDOS experiments, 153
– biomass of, 358
– carideans, 357
– community, 317, 332
– – biomass of, 358
– facultative, 357
– faeces of, 358
– fish, 355, 357, 358
– – foraging patterns, 359
– giant lysianassid amphipods, 207, 209, 212, 356
– obligate or facultative?, 357
– – amphipods, 357
– opportunists, 332
– Pacific Ocean, 151, 212
– – California slope, 191–193
– – deep ocean trenches, 212
– – equatorial Pacific, 203, 204
– – Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 206–209