558
GENERAL INDEX
regeneration, 50
regulations, legal, 427, 457
Reineck box corers, 138
remineralization, 318, 332, 335
– microbial activity, 344
– seasonality, 363
remote operated vehicles (ROVs), 2, 15, 320, 353, 440, 443, 444,
446, 475
– advantages, 15
– and sampling, 14
– limitations, 15
reproduction, 316, 350, 381–416
– age distribution, 408, 409
– Annelida, 382–387
– ascidians, 404
– aseasonal, 409
– brachiopods, 404
– bryozoans, 404
– carideans, 392
– cnidarians, 402, 403
– crustaceans, 387–394
– cumaceans, 392
– echinoderms, 134, 398–402
– echiurans, 403
– effects of contamination, 429
– enteropneust worms, 404
– fertilization, 410–412
– molluscs, 394–398
– nemertean worms, 403
– pairing behaviour, 411
– Peracarida, 392
– periodic synchronous reproduction, 135
– periodicity, 13, 383, 390, 393, 398, 399, 402, 409, 410
– – seep species, 383
– – vent species, 383
– pycnogonids, 394
– seasonality, 73, 349
– – Ophiocten gracilis, 330
– seep species, 386
– sponges, 403
– tanaids, 408
– vent species, 386
– xylophagids, 396
research, large-scale, 433
research submarines, 15
– advantages, 15
– and photography, 12
– and sampling, 14
– limitations, 15
resedimentation, 453, 455
residence time, 271
resource exploitation, 446
resource partitioning, 346
respiration
– community respiration, 124, 158–160
– rates
– – Atlantic Ocean, 160
– – – Goban Spur, 137
– – – Northwest African margin, 140
– – changes with depth, 29
– – mass-specific, 362
– – Pacific Ocean, 194
– – – California slope, 194
– – – equatorial Pacific, 204, 205
– – – oligotrophic abyss, 209
respiratory demand, 112
– by benthic metazoans, 348, 349
– related to behaviour, 348
– relation to temperature, 348
– seabed, 328
– weight-specific, 349
respiratory oxygen uptake, 334, 335, 348
respiratory quotient, 348
respirometry, 158
responsibility for the deep sea, 427, 433, 459
resuspension, 314, 315, 317, 322, 326, 328–331, 340, 341, 347,
364, 366, 431
– benthic boundary layer, 329
– phytodetritus, 328, 329
resuspension loop, 365
rheotaxis, 356
Rhodes (Greece), 263
Rhˆ one margin (Mediterranean Sea), 266
Rhˆ one River, 265
Rio Grande (Gulf of Mexico), 272
riser technique, 441
riverine outflows, 42
rock outcrops at the seabed, 265, 268
Rockall Trough (Atlantic Ocean), 114, 116, 132, 134, 135, 461
– biomass, 143, 157
– bivalves, 408
– – r/K-selection, 407
– bottom-dwelling fish, 155
– crabs, 388
– crustaceans, 390
– echinoderms, 408
– – reproduction, 398, 399
– faunal densities, 134, 135, 143
– food supply, 158
– molluscs, 393
– munitions disposal, 434
– nemerteans, 134
– ostracods, 63
– oxygen consumption, 161
– P/B ratio, 350
– particle flux, 327
– reproduction
– – crustaceans, 390
– – echinoderms, 398, 399
– – molluscs, 393
– – sea stars, 410
– – studies on reproductive patterns, 408
– resuspension, 329
– sampling, 134
– sea stars, 410
– seasonality, 134
– secondary-production rates, 349
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 160
GENERAL INDEX
regeneration, 50
regulations, legal, 427, 457
Reineck box corers, 138
remineralization, 318, 332, 335
– microbial activity, 344
– seasonality, 363
remote operated vehicles (ROVs), 2, 15, 320, 353, 440, 443, 444,
446, 475
– advantages, 15
– and sampling, 14
– limitations, 15
reproduction, 316, 350, 381–416
– age distribution, 408, 409
– Annelida, 382–387
– ascidians, 404
– aseasonal, 409
– brachiopods, 404
– bryozoans, 404
– carideans, 392
– cnidarians, 402, 403
– crustaceans, 387–394
– cumaceans, 392
– echinoderms, 134, 398–402
– echiurans, 403
– effects of contamination, 429
– enteropneust worms, 404
– fertilization, 410–412
– molluscs, 394–398
– nemertean worms, 403
– pairing behaviour, 411
– Peracarida, 392
– periodic synchronous reproduction, 135
– periodicity, 13, 383, 390, 393, 398, 399, 402, 409, 410
– – seep species, 383
– – vent species, 383
– pycnogonids, 394
– seasonality, 73, 349
– – Ophiocten gracilis, 330
– seep species, 386
– sponges, 403
– tanaids, 408
– vent species, 386
– xylophagids, 396
research, large-scale, 433
research submarines, 15
– advantages, 15
– and photography, 12
– and sampling, 14
– limitations, 15
resedimentation, 453, 455
residence time, 271
resource exploitation, 446
resource partitioning, 346
respiration
– community respiration, 124, 158–160
– rates
– – Atlantic Ocean, 160
– – – Goban Spur, 137
– – – Northwest African margin, 140
– – changes with depth, 29
– – mass-specific, 362
– – Pacific Ocean, 194
– – – California slope, 194
– – – equatorial Pacific, 204, 205
– – – oligotrophic abyss, 209
respiratory demand, 112
– by benthic metazoans, 348, 349
– related to behaviour, 348
– relation to temperature, 348
– seabed, 328
– weight-specific, 349
respiratory oxygen uptake, 334, 335, 348
respiratory quotient, 348
respirometry, 158
responsibility for the deep sea, 427, 433, 459
resuspension, 314, 315, 317, 322, 326, 328–331, 340, 341, 347,
364, 366, 431
– benthic boundary layer, 329
– phytodetritus, 328, 329
resuspension loop, 365
rheotaxis, 356
Rhodes (Greece), 263
Rhˆ one margin (Mediterranean Sea), 266
Rhˆ one River, 265
Rio Grande (Gulf of Mexico), 272
riser technique, 441
riverine outflows, 42
rock outcrops at the seabed, 265, 268
Rockall Trough (Atlantic Ocean), 114, 116, 132, 134, 135, 461
– biomass, 143, 157
– bivalves, 408
– – r/K-selection, 407
– bottom-dwelling fish, 155
– crabs, 388
– crustaceans, 390
– echinoderms, 408
– – reproduction, 398, 399
– faunal densities, 134, 135, 143
– food supply, 158
– molluscs, 393
– munitions disposal, 434
– nemerteans, 134
– ostracods, 63
– oxygen consumption, 161
– P/B ratio, 350
– particle flux, 327
– reproduction
– – crustaceans, 390
– – echinoderms, 398, 399
– – molluscs, 393
– – sea stars, 410
– – studies on reproductive patterns, 408
– resuspension, 329
– sampling, 134
– sea stars, 410
– seasonality, 134
– secondary-production rates, 349
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 160