554
GENERAL INDEX
phosphorites, 448, 451
– active deposition, 448
– deposits, 449
– mining, 451
– nodules, 446
– relicts, 448
– south-west African shelf, 119
photographic records, 155
photophores, 44, 56–58
photosled, 348
photosynthesis, 43, 49, 93, 360
physiology, changes with depth, 57, 74
phytodetrital layer, 123
phytodetritus, 12, 14, 30, 120–122, 135, 193, 194, 232, 282, 314,
322, 331, 336, 338, 346, 347, 409, 410, 412, 430
– aggregates forming a patchy layer, 121
– analysis and composition, 324
– Arctic Ocean, 244
– Atlantic Ocean, 112, 114, 120–122
– – BIOTRANS study site, 123
– – characteristics, 121
– – effect on densities, 151
– – foraminiferan densities, 151
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132, 133
– – Porcupine Abyssal Plain, 122, 141
– – Porcupine Seabight, 136
– – sampling, 338
– bioturbation, 205
– carpet, 322
– colonization, 338
– composition, 323–325
– definition, 9
– diatoms, 190
– effects on fauna, 190
– effects on sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC),
160
– effects on sediment populations, 338
– effects on size, 338
– flagellates, 154
– foraminiferal colonizers, 338
– growth rates, 123
– in burrows and depressions in sediment, 337
– mass accumulation, 321, 322, 336, 351
– mass deposition, 323, 328
– – causes, 325
– microbial activity, 154
– mucus webs, 190
– organic-carbon content, 122, 324
– oxygen demand, 122
– oxygen minimum zones, 228, 229
– Pacific Ocean, 325
– – California slope, 189, 190
– – equatorial Pacific, 203
– patchiness, 350, 351
– phaeodarians, 190
– phytodetrital floc, 325, 331, 334, 337, 338
– reactive state, 325
– resuspension, 328, 329
– RNA and DNA concentrations, 122
– sampling, 14
– seasonality, 71, 72, 137, 155–157, 160, 339, 351, 410
– state of degradation, 324
– structure, 324
phytoplankton, 190, 316
– adaptations to feeding on, 54
– blooms, 120, 190, 314, 318, 323, 325, 365
– community, 318, 324
– deposition, 184
– depth regulation, 49
– dissolved organic matter (DOM), 359
– export, 120
– – from sedimentation, 120
– food source for vent shrimps, 100
– food source for zooplankton, 318
– in faecal pellets, 320
– in the open ocean, 325
– low diversity, 69
– mucus exudates, 319, 325
– Pacific Ocean
– – California slope, 189
– – oligotrophic central gyres, 181
– particle flux, 185
– pigments, 351
– primary production, 69
– seasonality, 190
– shelf export, 365, 366
– size-structure, 318
– upwelling, 182
phytosterols, 347
picoplankton, 50, 54, 69
pigments, 122, 154, 157, 227, 228, 346
– analysis, 123
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Cap Blanc, 139
– – Northwest African margin, 139
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Porcupine Seabight, 136
– – Vøring Plateau, 132
– Barents Sea, 132
– colouring of crustaceans, 55
– relation to abundance profiles, 140
– seasonality, 132
pilot disposal operation (PDO), 444
plankton, 316, 442, 452, 454
– metazoan, 333, 334
plankton community structure, 454
planktonic foraminiferal tests, 118
planktotrophic development, 387
planktotrophic larvae, 329, 396
planktotrophy, 396, 398, 402, 404, 410, 412–416
– gastropods, 396
plant remains, 274, 284, 353, 354, 396
– colonization of, 354, 408
– contribution to global carbon remineralization, 353
– floating, 354
– large, 352
– location by echinoids, 354
– mechanisms for lateral transport, 353
GENERAL INDEX
phosphorites, 448, 451
– active deposition, 448
– deposits, 449
– mining, 451
– nodules, 446
– relicts, 448
– south-west African shelf, 119
photographic records, 155
photophores, 44, 56–58
photosled, 348
photosynthesis, 43, 49, 93, 360
physiology, changes with depth, 57, 74
phytodetrital layer, 123
phytodetritus, 12, 14, 30, 120–122, 135, 193, 194, 232, 282, 314,
322, 331, 336, 338, 346, 347, 409, 410, 412, 430
– aggregates forming a patchy layer, 121
– analysis and composition, 324
– Arctic Ocean, 244
– Atlantic Ocean, 112, 114, 120–122
– – BIOTRANS study site, 123
– – characteristics, 121
– – effect on densities, 151
– – foraminiferan densities, 151
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132, 133
– – Porcupine Abyssal Plain, 122, 141
– – Porcupine Seabight, 136
– – sampling, 338
– bioturbation, 205
– carpet, 322
– colonization, 338
– composition, 323–325
– definition, 9
– diatoms, 190
– effects on fauna, 190
– effects on sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC),
160
– effects on sediment populations, 338
– effects on size, 338
– flagellates, 154
– foraminiferal colonizers, 338
– growth rates, 123
– in burrows and depressions in sediment, 337
– mass accumulation, 321, 322, 336, 351
– mass deposition, 323, 328
– – causes, 325
– microbial activity, 154
– mucus webs, 190
– organic-carbon content, 122, 324
– oxygen demand, 122
– oxygen minimum zones, 228, 229
– Pacific Ocean, 325
– – California slope, 189, 190
– – equatorial Pacific, 203
– patchiness, 350, 351
– phaeodarians, 190
– phytodetrital floc, 325, 331, 334, 337, 338
– reactive state, 325
– resuspension, 328, 329
– RNA and DNA concentrations, 122
– sampling, 14
– seasonality, 71, 72, 137, 155–157, 160, 339, 351, 410
– state of degradation, 324
– structure, 324
phytoplankton, 190, 316
– adaptations to feeding on, 54
– blooms, 120, 190, 314, 318, 323, 325, 365
– community, 318, 324
– deposition, 184
– depth regulation, 49
– dissolved organic matter (DOM), 359
– export, 120
– – from sedimentation, 120
– food source for vent shrimps, 100
– food source for zooplankton, 318
– in faecal pellets, 320
– in the open ocean, 325
– low diversity, 69
– mucus exudates, 319, 325
– Pacific Ocean
– – California slope, 189
– – oligotrophic central gyres, 181
– particle flux, 185
– pigments, 351
– primary production, 69
– seasonality, 190
– shelf export, 365, 366
– size-structure, 318
– upwelling, 182
phytosterols, 347
picoplankton, 50, 54, 69
pigments, 122, 154, 157, 227, 228, 346
– analysis, 123
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Cap Blanc, 139
– – Northwest African margin, 139
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Porcupine Seabight, 136
– – Vøring Plateau, 132
– Barents Sea, 132
– colouring of crustaceans, 55
– relation to abundance profiles, 140
– seasonality, 132
pilot disposal operation (PDO), 444
plankton, 316, 442, 452, 454
– metazoan, 333, 334
plankton community structure, 454
planktonic foraminiferal tests, 118
planktotrophic development, 387
planktotrophic larvae, 329, 396
planktotrophy, 396, 398, 402, 404, 410, 412–416
– gastropods, 396
plant remains, 274, 284, 353, 354, 396
– colonization of, 354, 408
– contribution to global carbon remineralization, 353
– floating, 354
– large, 352
– location by echinoids, 354
– mechanisms for lateral transport, 353