546
GENERAL INDEX
microbial activity (cont’d)
– Atlantic Ocean, 154, 155
– barophilic, 344
– decomposition, 345, 348, 366
– degradation, 356, 359
– – rates of, 332
– eutrophic areas, 333
– fermentation, 344
– growth, 93
– – megaplumes, 93
– microbial loop, 50, 69
– oligotrophic areas, 333
– Pacific Ocean, 154
– phytodetritus, 154
– production, 282
– rates of, 154
microbial communities, 345
– sediments, 87
– temperature, 87
microbial food chains, 344
microbiota, 343, 344
– biomass, 202
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
micronekton, 53, 54, 316
microorganisms, 122
microphagy, 342
– sessile, 342
microprofiling of oxygen in sediments, 335
microzooplankton, 319
Mid-Atlantic Bight (Atlantic Ocean), 125–128, 366
– oxygen consumption, 161
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 113, 117, 121, 162, 383, 386, 391, 460
– hydrothermal vents, 82, 95, 101
– Lost City, 473
– molluscs, reproduction, 393
– mussels, 99
– ooze, 10
– shrimps, 97–100
– spreading rates, 82, 84
– TAG site, 83
Mid-Indian Basin (Indian Ocean), 220
Mid-Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
mid-latitude zone, 119
mid-ocean ridge, 180
midwater plankton, 316
midwater utilization of small-particle flux, 317, 318
migration (see also diel, ontogenetic and vertical migration)
– by megabenthos to detrital patches, 352
– within sediment, 338
Milankovitch cycles, 304
Mindanao Eddy, 181
Mindanao Trench (Pacific Ocean), 45
mineral resources, 427, 446–455, 458
– metalliferous muds, 447, 448
– phosphorites, 448
– polymetallic nodules and crusts, 447
– sulphide deposits, 447, 448
mineralization, 334, 366
Minerals Management Service (USA), 115, 126
mini-blooms, 318
miniaturization, 23, 339
– deep-sea taxa, 339
mining, 16, 427, 431, 446–455, 458–460
– discharge, 431, 450, 451, 454
– discharge depth, 451
– DISCOL experiment, 453
– economic feasibility, 450
– environmental concerns, 450–455
– flotation, 450
– gold, 449
– large-scale experiments, 452–455
– metalliferous muds, 447, 448
– – economic feasability, 450
– Mining Code, 459
– mining techniques, 448–450
– – airlift system, 449, 450
– – bucket-ladder dredge, 449
– – collector systems, 449
– – continuous-line bucket, 448
– – shallow water, 449
– – trawling, 448
– phosphorites, 448
– plume resettlement, 453
– polymetallic nodules and crusts, 447
– seafloor disturbance, 450, 451
– sediment plumes, 450–453, 455
– small-scale experiments, 455
– sulphide deposits, 447, 448
– systems, 448, 449
– tailings, 450, 451
– technique test, 450
– tests, 455
minipellets, 121
Mississippi Canyon (Gulf of Mexico), 285
Mississippi Fan (Gulf of Mexico), 271, 285
Mississippi River (USA), 271
Mistral, 264
mixed layer depth, 162
mixing coefficient, 128, 160–163
modelling
– carbon dynamics
– – entire benthic boundary layer and sediment community, 362
– diagenetic, 362
– Ecopath, 367
– energy flow, 350, 362
– – abyssal ecosystem, 362
– – trophic, 367
– flow networks, 362
– population changes, 349
– trophodynamic, 362, 367
Module Autonome Pluridisciplinaire (MAP), 328
molecular diffusion, 184
molecular techniques, 475
– cryptic species, identification of, 475
molluscs (see also Mollusca in Systematic Index)
– Arctic Ocean, 246, 248
– Atlantic Ocean, 126, 129
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
GENERAL INDEX
microbial activity (cont’d)
– Atlantic Ocean, 154, 155
– barophilic, 344
– decomposition, 345, 348, 366
– degradation, 356, 359
– – rates of, 332
– eutrophic areas, 333
– fermentation, 344
– growth, 93
– – megaplumes, 93
– microbial loop, 50, 69
– oligotrophic areas, 333
– Pacific Ocean, 154
– phytodetritus, 154
– production, 282
– rates of, 154
microbial communities, 345
– sediments, 87
– temperature, 87
microbial food chains, 344
microbiota, 343, 344
– biomass, 202
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
micronekton, 53, 54, 316
microorganisms, 122
microphagy, 342
– sessile, 342
microprofiling of oxygen in sediments, 335
microzooplankton, 319
Mid-Atlantic Bight (Atlantic Ocean), 125–128, 366
– oxygen consumption, 161
Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 113, 117, 121, 162, 383, 386, 391, 460
– hydrothermal vents, 82, 95, 101
– Lost City, 473
– molluscs, reproduction, 393
– mussels, 99
– ooze, 10
– shrimps, 97–100
– spreading rates, 82, 84
– TAG site, 83
Mid-Indian Basin (Indian Ocean), 220
Mid-Indian Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
mid-latitude zone, 119
mid-ocean ridge, 180
midwater plankton, 316
midwater utilization of small-particle flux, 317, 318
migration (see also diel, ontogenetic and vertical migration)
– by megabenthos to detrital patches, 352
– within sediment, 338
Milankovitch cycles, 304
Mindanao Eddy, 181
Mindanao Trench (Pacific Ocean), 45
mineral resources, 427, 446–455, 458
– metalliferous muds, 447, 448
– phosphorites, 448
– polymetallic nodules and crusts, 447
– sulphide deposits, 447, 448
mineralization, 334, 366
Minerals Management Service (USA), 115, 126
mini-blooms, 318
miniaturization, 23, 339
– deep-sea taxa, 339
mining, 16, 427, 431, 446–455, 458–460
– discharge, 431, 450, 451, 454
– discharge depth, 451
– DISCOL experiment, 453
– economic feasibility, 450
– environmental concerns, 450–455
– flotation, 450
– gold, 449
– large-scale experiments, 452–455
– metalliferous muds, 447, 448
– – economic feasability, 450
– Mining Code, 459
– mining techniques, 448–450
– – airlift system, 449, 450
– – bucket-ladder dredge, 449
– – collector systems, 449
– – continuous-line bucket, 448
– – shallow water, 449
– – trawling, 448
– phosphorites, 448
– plume resettlement, 453
– polymetallic nodules and crusts, 447
– seafloor disturbance, 450, 451
– sediment plumes, 450–453, 455
– small-scale experiments, 455
– sulphide deposits, 447, 448
– systems, 448, 449
– tailings, 450, 451
– technique test, 450
– tests, 455
minipellets, 121
Mississippi Canyon (Gulf of Mexico), 285
Mississippi Fan (Gulf of Mexico), 271, 285
Mississippi River (USA), 271
Mistral, 264
mixed layer depth, 162
mixing coefficient, 128, 160–163
modelling
– carbon dynamics
– – entire benthic boundary layer and sediment community, 362
– diagenetic, 362
– Ecopath, 367
– energy flow, 350, 362
– – abyssal ecosystem, 362
– – trophic, 367
– flow networks, 362
– population changes, 349
– trophodynamic, 362, 367
Module Autonome Pluridisciplinaire (MAP), 328
molecular diffusion, 184
molecular techniques, 475
– cryptic species, identification of, 475
molluscs (see also Mollusca in Systematic Index)
– Arctic Ocean, 246, 248
– Atlantic Ocean, 126, 129
– – Bay of Biscay, 138