GENERAL INDEX
545
– radionuclides, 428
– salinity, 7, 49
– sediments, 265
– shrimps, 49, 392
– species distribution, 25
– sponges, 25
– submarine cables, 446
– surface circulation patterns, 264
– temperature, 6, 25, 49, 265
– vertical flux, 265, 266
Mediterranean Water, 115
– physical properties, 116
medusae, 55, 74
megacarrion, 355
megafauna, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 332, 342, 412, 453
– abundance, 158
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – biomass, 141
– – composition, 150
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – Northwest African margin, 140
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– – – influence of currents, 134
– biomass, 135, 141, 158, 202
– densities in the Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
– deposit feeding, 343
– effects of food supply, 158
– effects of mining, 454
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– motile, 334, 342, 346
– oxygen minimum zones, 229
– Pacific Ocean, 186, 189
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 201, 204, 206
– – deep ocean trenches, 211, 212
– – Volcano 7, 198
– particle selection, 346
– predators, 194
– seamounts, 210
megaplumes, 93, 102
meiofauna, 11, 123, 210, 332, 333, 338, 339, 344, 454
– Arctic Ocean, 244
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 139
– – densities, 150
– – equatorial, 153
– – Hatteras Abyssal Plain, 131
– – Porcupine Seabight, 136
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– biomass, 133, 136, 202
– densities, 123, 131, 136
– effects of mining, 453, 454
– Indian Ocean
– – abyssal zones, 232, 233
– – Bay of Bengal, 234
– – increasing with increasing depth, 233
– – Kenya margin, 226, 227
– – oxygen minimum zones, 230, 231
– manganese nodules, 233
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– Pacific Ocean, 187
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 202, 205, 207
– – California slope, 193
– – Volcano 7, 198
– Red Sea, 283
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 283
mercury, 443
Meriadzek Terrace (Atlantic Ocean), 137, 138, 358
– sharks, 152
MESEDA (Metalliferous Sediments Atlantis II Deep), 452
mesopelagic zone
– biomass, 317
– characteristics, 55–57
– crustaceans, 55
– fishes, 56
– organisms as prey, 317
– species distribution, 55, 57
– zooplankton, 318
mesoscale eddies, 65–67, 117, 474
mesozooplankton, 55
Messinian Salinity Crisis, 61, 263, 279
metabolic rates, 29, 122, 132, 348
– anabolic, 350
– Atlantic Ocean, 154
– – Northwest African margin, 140
– bacterioplankton, 333
– changes with depth, 29, 30
– decline with depth, 74
– effects of pressure, 239
– effects of size, 29
– electron transport system (ETS), 140
– mass-specific, 363
metabolites
– dissolved, 338
– excretion of, 359
Metal Mining Agency of Japan, 454
metalliferous muds, 447, 448, 451, 452, 460
metapopulations, 61
metazoans, 158, 207
– macrofauna, 123
– meiofauna, 123
– plankton, 333, 334
– – respiratory demand, 334
– population dynamics, 123
methane, 90, 128, 284, 285
– Bathymodiolus, 285
– Hesiocaeca methanicola, 286
methane hydrate, 455, 456
methanogenesis, 91
methanogenic bacteria, 81, 85, 91, 93
methanotrophic bacteria, 94
micro-organisms, 316, 332, 343
– as colonizers, 338
microalgae, 338
microbes, 125, 189, 231
– Arctic Ocean, 244
microbial activity, 122, 165, 282, 333, 344
545
– radionuclides, 428
– salinity, 7, 49
– sediments, 265
– shrimps, 49, 392
– species distribution, 25
– sponges, 25
– submarine cables, 446
– surface circulation patterns, 264
– temperature, 6, 25, 49, 265
– vertical flux, 265, 266
Mediterranean Water, 115
– physical properties, 116
medusae, 55, 74
megacarrion, 355
megafauna, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 332, 342, 412, 453
– abundance, 158
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – biomass, 141
– – composition, 150
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – Northwest African margin, 140
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– – – influence of currents, 134
– biomass, 135, 141, 158, 202
– densities in the Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
– deposit feeding, 343
– effects of food supply, 158
– effects of mining, 454
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– motile, 334, 342, 346
– oxygen minimum zones, 229
– Pacific Ocean, 186, 189
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 201, 204, 206
– – deep ocean trenches, 211, 212
– – Volcano 7, 198
– particle selection, 346
– predators, 194
– seamounts, 210
megaplumes, 93, 102
meiofauna, 11, 123, 210, 332, 333, 338, 339, 344, 454
– Arctic Ocean, 244
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 139
– – densities, 150
– – equatorial, 153
– – Hatteras Abyssal Plain, 131
– – Porcupine Seabight, 136
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– biomass, 133, 136, 202
– densities, 123, 131, 136
– effects of mining, 453, 454
– Indian Ocean
– – abyssal zones, 232, 233
– – Bay of Bengal, 234
– – increasing with increasing depth, 233
– – Kenya margin, 226, 227
– – oxygen minimum zones, 230, 231
– manganese nodules, 233
– Mediterranean Sea, 280
– Pacific Ocean, 187
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 202, 205, 207
– – California slope, 193
– – Volcano 7, 198
– Red Sea, 283
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 283
mercury, 443
Meriadzek Terrace (Atlantic Ocean), 137, 138, 358
– sharks, 152
MESEDA (Metalliferous Sediments Atlantis II Deep), 452
mesopelagic zone
– biomass, 317
– characteristics, 55–57
– crustaceans, 55
– fishes, 56
– organisms as prey, 317
– species distribution, 55, 57
– zooplankton, 318
mesoscale eddies, 65–67, 117, 474
mesozooplankton, 55
Messinian Salinity Crisis, 61, 263, 279
metabolic rates, 29, 122, 132, 348
– anabolic, 350
– Atlantic Ocean, 154
– – Northwest African margin, 140
– bacterioplankton, 333
– changes with depth, 29, 30
– decline with depth, 74
– effects of pressure, 239
– effects of size, 29
– electron transport system (ETS), 140
– mass-specific, 363
metabolites
– dissolved, 338
– excretion of, 359
Metal Mining Agency of Japan, 454
metalliferous muds, 447, 448, 451, 452, 460
metapopulations, 61
metazoans, 158, 207
– macrofauna, 123
– meiofauna, 123
– plankton, 333, 334
– – respiratory demand, 334
– population dynamics, 123
methane, 90, 128, 284, 285
– Bathymodiolus, 285
– Hesiocaeca methanicola, 286
methane hydrate, 455, 456
methanogenesis, 91
methanogenic bacteria, 81, 85, 91, 93
methanotrophic bacteria, 94
micro-organisms, 316, 332, 343
– as colonizers, 338
microalgae, 338
microbes, 125, 189, 231
– Arctic Ocean, 244
microbial activity, 122, 165, 282, 333, 344