544
GENERAL INDEX
Madagascar Basin (Indian Ocean), 220, 223
Madeira Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean), 72, 111, 114, 119
– animal traces, 155
– biomass, 145
– bioturbation, 163
– demersal fish, 156
– densities
– – faunal, 145
– – foraminiferan, 151
– – macrofaunal, 150
– – megafaunal, 141
– – meiofaunal, 150
– echinoderms, 399
– growth rates, 150
– location, 117
– necrophages, 152
– – photographic records, 152
– phytodetritus, 121
– – mass deposition, 322
– polychaetes, 150
– sampling, 116, 322
Madeira (Portugal), 460
Magellan Rise, 180
Makarov Basin (Arctic Ocean)
– organic carbon, 244
– phytodetritus, 244
– primary production, 243
– sampling, 246
– sediments, 244
Makassar Strait (Indonesia), 274
maldanids, 124, 129, 164, 287
mammals, 166
manganese crusts, 446, 447
manganese nodules, 10, 112, 184, 187, 200, 202, 446, 447, 453,
460
– as habitat structure, 10
– Atlantic Ocean, 119
– benthic biological activity, 225
– crevice fauna, 453
– dominant taxa, 27
– economic importance, 16
– fauna, 213
– foraminifera, 28
– hard-bottom habitat, 26–28
– Indian Ocean, 225
– – fauna, 233
– iron content, 119
– JGOFS study, 200
– manganese content, 119
– Pacific Ocean, 202
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss
– – fauna, 208
– – suspension feeders, 209
– pre-mining test, 206
– sessile organisms, 27
– species distribution, 202
manganite, 268
manganosiderite, 268
mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda), 283
– deep-sea species, 16
marine algae, 166
marine protected areas (MPAs), 460
marine snow, 51, 317, 319, 327, 331, 332
– binding of, 319
– habitat for microbial activity, 319, 320
– incorporating bodies of gelatinous macrozooplankton, 319
– observation of, 319
– role of mucus, 55
– scavenging other particles, 319
– sinking rates, 319
marls, 268
MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships), 432, 458
Martinique (or Dominique) Passage (Caribbean Sea), 269
Mascarene Basin (Indian Ocean), 220
– bottom currents, 225
– sediments, 225
Mascarene Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
mass accumulation, 314, 319, 330, 338, 343
mass deposition, 318–320, 323, 325, 328, 335, 350
– colonization and utilization by small size classes, 338, 339
– spatial variability, 326
mass-movement events, 118
– Atlantic Ocean, 119
– mass wasting, 111, 128
mass sinking of ungrazed algal cells, 318
Massachusetts shelf (Atlantic Ocean), 124
– brittle star distribution, 25
massive sulphide deposits, 447
Matapan Deep (Mediterranean Sea), 280
mechano-receptors, 74
Mediterranean Ridge, 282
Mediterranean Sea, 123, 261–266, 279–282
– advected flux, 365
– bathypelagic community, 49
– bottom waters, 430
– characteristics, 49, 262
– chlorofluorocarbons, 429
– copepod diversity, 63, 64
– crustaceans, reproduction, 390
– decapod distribution, 25
– decreased abundance of life with depth, 17
– echinoderms, reproduction, 399
– evaporation, 261
– evolution, 61
– excess evaporation over freshwater inputs, 42
– exploration, 1, 112
– fauna, 279–282
– glacial relicts, 61
– hydrography, 263–265
– inflow from the Nile River, 263
– latitudinal trends in diversity, 62
– morphology, 261–263
– outflow into the Atlantic Ocean, 430
– peripheral seas, 261
– phytodetritus
– – effects on abundances, 338
– primary production, 265, 266
GENERAL INDEX
Madagascar Basin (Indian Ocean), 220, 223
Madeira Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean), 72, 111, 114, 119
– animal traces, 155
– biomass, 145
– bioturbation, 163
– demersal fish, 156
– densities
– – faunal, 145
– – foraminiferan, 151
– – macrofaunal, 150
– – megafaunal, 141
– – meiofaunal, 150
– echinoderms, 399
– growth rates, 150
– location, 117
– necrophages, 152
– – photographic records, 152
– phytodetritus, 121
– – mass deposition, 322
– polychaetes, 150
– sampling, 116, 322
Madeira (Portugal), 460
Magellan Rise, 180
Makarov Basin (Arctic Ocean)
– organic carbon, 244
– phytodetritus, 244
– primary production, 243
– sampling, 246
– sediments, 244
Makassar Strait (Indonesia), 274
maldanids, 124, 129, 164, 287
mammals, 166
manganese crusts, 446, 447
manganese nodules, 10, 112, 184, 187, 200, 202, 446, 447, 453,
460
– as habitat structure, 10
– Atlantic Ocean, 119
– benthic biological activity, 225
– crevice fauna, 453
– dominant taxa, 27
– economic importance, 16
– fauna, 213
– foraminifera, 28
– hard-bottom habitat, 26–28
– Indian Ocean, 225
– – fauna, 233
– iron content, 119
– JGOFS study, 200
– manganese content, 119
– Pacific Ocean, 202
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss
– – fauna, 208
– – suspension feeders, 209
– pre-mining test, 206
– sessile organisms, 27
– species distribution, 202
manganite, 268
manganosiderite, 268
mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda), 283
– deep-sea species, 16
marine algae, 166
marine protected areas (MPAs), 460
marine snow, 51, 317, 319, 327, 331, 332
– binding of, 319
– habitat for microbial activity, 319, 320
– incorporating bodies of gelatinous macrozooplankton, 319
– observation of, 319
– role of mucus, 55
– scavenging other particles, 319
– sinking rates, 319
marls, 268
MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships), 432, 458
Martinique (or Dominique) Passage (Caribbean Sea), 269
Mascarene Basin (Indian Ocean), 220
– bottom currents, 225
– sediments, 225
Mascarene Ridge (Indian Ocean), 220
mass accumulation, 314, 319, 330, 338, 343
mass deposition, 318–320, 323, 325, 328, 335, 350
– colonization and utilization by small size classes, 338, 339
– spatial variability, 326
mass-movement events, 118
– Atlantic Ocean, 119
– mass wasting, 111, 128
mass sinking of ungrazed algal cells, 318
Massachusetts shelf (Atlantic Ocean), 124
– brittle star distribution, 25
massive sulphide deposits, 447
Matapan Deep (Mediterranean Sea), 280
mechano-receptors, 74
Mediterranean Ridge, 282
Mediterranean Sea, 123, 261–266, 279–282
– advected flux, 365
– bathypelagic community, 49
– bottom waters, 430
– characteristics, 49, 262
– chlorofluorocarbons, 429
– copepod diversity, 63, 64
– crustaceans, reproduction, 390
– decapod distribution, 25
– decreased abundance of life with depth, 17
– echinoderms, reproduction, 399
– evaporation, 261
– evolution, 61
– excess evaporation over freshwater inputs, 42
– exploration, 1, 112
– fauna, 279–282
– glacial relicts, 61
– hydrography, 263–265
– inflow from the Nile River, 263
– latitudinal trends in diversity, 62
– morphology, 261–263
– outflow into the Atlantic Ocean, 430
– peripheral seas, 261
– phytodetritus
– – effects on abundances, 338
– primary production, 265, 266