GENERAL INDEX
543
– egg size, 412–414
– fecundity, 412–414
– fertilization, 410–412
– gametogenesis
– – environmental control, 409, 410
– in the deep sea, 404–416
– larvae, 413, 414
– r–K selection, 405–408
– reproduction, 408, 409
– – seasonality, 409
light, ambient, 9
– attenuation, 326
– effects on animals, 8
– effects on primary production, 8
– scattering, 326
– transmission, 326
lignin, 354, 359
Liman Current (Sea of Japan), 275
limonite, 268
lipids, 333, 347, 350, 361
– added buoyancy, 356
– energy storage, 356
– in whale bones, 355
lithogenic particles, 316
litter, 431
living resources, 446, 456
Lloyd’s Register, 432
lobsters, 95, 394
– Mediterranean Sea, 281
locomotion rates, 29
Lofoten Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 132
– biomass, 142
– densities, 142
Lomonosov Ridge (Arctic Ocean), 240, 241
– organic carbon, 244
– sediments, 243
London Convention (LC), 432–434, 439, 457
– Protocol of 1996, 434, 458
Long Bay (Atlantic Ocean), 148
long-term photography, 120
longevity, 47, 63, 99, 407
– Echinoidea, 407
– polychaetes, 385
– Tindaria callistiformis, 407
Loop Current (Gulf of Mexico), 271
Lost City (Mid-Atlantic Ridge), 473
Louisiana Slope (Gulf of Mexico), 284, 383
– seeps, 82
– – host–symbiont associations, 94
– temperature, 90
low-activity ecosystem, 314
lucinacean bivalves, 97
– symbiosis, 94
luminophores, 162
lures, 58
Lydonia Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127
– phytodetritus, 121
lysianassids, 18, 151, 152, 192, 207, 209, 212, 320, 356–358, 366
lysocline, 43
Mackenzie River (North America), 49
macroalgae, 166, 353, 354
– possible negative effect on macrofauna, 354
macrofauna, 11, 113, 210
– Arctic Ocean, 244–246
– Atlantic Ocean, 126
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – canyons, 127
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – HEBBLE study site, 125
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – North Carolina slope, 365
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– – Vøring Plateau, 132
– biomass, 202
– – effects of depth, 158
– densities, 136
– – decrease with depth, 137
– – effects of depth, 158
– effects of mining, 453, 454
– Indian Ocean, 229
– – abyssal zones, 232, 233
– – Bay of Bengal, 234
– – decreasing with increasing depth, 233
– – Kenya margin, 226
– – oozy sediments, 233
– – oxygen minimum zones, 229, 230
– manganese nodules, 233
– mean standing crop, 134
– Mediterranean Sea, 282
– metazoan, 123
– miniaturization, 339
– oxygen minimum zones, 198, 199, 228
– – densities below the zone, 230
– Pacific Ocean, 187, 189
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 201, 202, 204, 205
– – California slope, 187, 190
– – canyons, 197
– – deep ocean trenches, 212
– – eutrophic equatorial sediments, 201
– – Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 207
– – Volcano 7, 198
– predators, 194
– recolonization, 206
– secondary production, 350
– sediment mixing, 205
– Toulon Canyon (Mediterranean Sea), 280
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
– vertical distribution, 137
– xenophyophores, 202
macroflocs, 320
macrophagy, 332, 342, 357
macrophytic algae, 160
macroplankton, 54
macrourids (see also rattails), 8, 112, 151–153, 156, 186, 203,
287, 352, 357–359, 366
– necrophages, 152
Madagascar, 223
543
– egg size, 412–414
– fecundity, 412–414
– fertilization, 410–412
– gametogenesis
– – environmental control, 409, 410
– in the deep sea, 404–416
– larvae, 413, 414
– r–K selection, 405–408
– reproduction, 408, 409
– – seasonality, 409
light, ambient, 9
– attenuation, 326
– effects on animals, 8
– effects on primary production, 8
– scattering, 326
– transmission, 326
lignin, 354, 359
Liman Current (Sea of Japan), 275
limonite, 268
lipids, 333, 347, 350, 361
– added buoyancy, 356
– energy storage, 356
– in whale bones, 355
lithogenic particles, 316
litter, 431
living resources, 446, 456
Lloyd’s Register, 432
lobsters, 95, 394
– Mediterranean Sea, 281
locomotion rates, 29
Lofoten Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 132
– biomass, 142
– densities, 142
Lomonosov Ridge (Arctic Ocean), 240, 241
– organic carbon, 244
– sediments, 243
London Convention (LC), 432–434, 439, 457
– Protocol of 1996, 434, 458
Long Bay (Atlantic Ocean), 148
long-term photography, 120
longevity, 47, 63, 99, 407
– Echinoidea, 407
– polychaetes, 385
– Tindaria callistiformis, 407
Loop Current (Gulf of Mexico), 271
Lost City (Mid-Atlantic Ridge), 473
Louisiana Slope (Gulf of Mexico), 284, 383
– seeps, 82
– – host–symbiont associations, 94
– temperature, 90
low-activity ecosystem, 314
lucinacean bivalves, 97
– symbiosis, 94
luminophores, 162
lures, 58
Lydonia Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127
– phytodetritus, 121
lysianassids, 18, 151, 152, 192, 207, 209, 212, 320, 356–358, 366
lysocline, 43
Mackenzie River (North America), 49
macroalgae, 166, 353, 354
– possible negative effect on macrofauna, 354
macrofauna, 11, 113, 210
– Arctic Ocean, 244–246
– Atlantic Ocean, 126
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – canyons, 127
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – HEBBLE study site, 125
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – North Carolina slope, 365
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– – Vøring Plateau, 132
– biomass, 202
– – effects of depth, 158
– densities, 136
– – decrease with depth, 137
– – effects of depth, 158
– effects of mining, 453, 454
– Indian Ocean, 229
– – abyssal zones, 232, 233
– – Bay of Bengal, 234
– – decreasing with increasing depth, 233
– – Kenya margin, 226
– – oozy sediments, 233
– – oxygen minimum zones, 229, 230
– manganese nodules, 233
– mean standing crop, 134
– Mediterranean Sea, 282
– metazoan, 123
– miniaturization, 339
– oxygen minimum zones, 198, 199, 228
– – densities below the zone, 230
– Pacific Ocean, 187, 189
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 201, 202, 204, 205
– – California slope, 187, 190
– – canyons, 197
– – deep ocean trenches, 212
– – eutrophic equatorial sediments, 201
– – Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 207
– – Volcano 7, 198
– predators, 194
– recolonization, 206
– secondary production, 350
– sediment mixing, 205
– Toulon Canyon (Mediterranean Sea), 280
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
– vertical distribution, 137
– xenophyophores, 202
macroflocs, 320
macrophagy, 332, 342, 357
macrophytic algae, 160
macroplankton, 54
macrourids (see also rattails), 8, 112, 151–153, 156, 186, 203,
287, 352, 357–359, 366
– necrophages, 152
Madagascar, 223