GENERAL INDEX
547
– – Iberian margin, 139
– colonization, 406
– deep-sea species, 16
– dispersal, 248
– embryology, 397
– fecundity, 395
– fertilization, 395
– fossils, 61
– gametogenesis, 395
– gonads, 395
– growth rates, 30
– in reducing environments, 86
– interpopulation variation, 307
– larvae, 395–398
– larval development, 397
– latitudinal diversity changes, 301
– manganese nodules, 202
– Mediterranean Sea, 279, 280
– oxygen minimum zone, 230
– r/K-selection, 407
– reduced-oxygen tolerance, 8
– reproduction, 393–398
– – periodicity, 395
– – seasonal, 409
– Sea of Japan, 287
– sperm, 395
– suspension feeders, 20
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
momentum-jet-flow model for mining, 450
Monaco, 265
monoliferans, 97
monsoon, 47
– effects on circulation, 219, 220, 273
– effects on diversity, 63
– effects on hydrology, 223
– effects on production, 228, 274
– Northeast Monsoon, 220
– – effects on circulation, 222
– – upwelling, 220, 223, 229
– – vertical flux, 226
– oligotrophy, 226
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 232
– Southwest Monsoon
– – effects on circulation, 220, 222
– – upwelling, 68, 221, 223, 227
– – vertical flux, 226
Monterey Bay, 393
montmorillonite, 268
mortality, 404, 407
– density-dependent, 405
motile epifauna, 345
motility, 339
moults as a source of particle flux, 316, 320
movement rates, 29
Mozambique Basin (Indian Ocean)
– manganese nodules, 225
MPA (marine protected areas), 460
mucus layer, 122
mucus-web feeding, 54
mud
– blue mud, 274
– Mediterranean Sea, 265
– volcanoes, 265, 282
– waves, 326
Muertos Trough (Caribbean Sea), 268
multiple corer, 321
munitions
– disintegration, 434
– disposal in Rockall Trough (Atlantic Ocean), 434
mussels
– brine pools, 89
– colonizers, 166
– growth rates, 94, 99
– Gulf of Mexico, 285
– in reducing environments, 86, 88
– seeps, 89
– symbiosis, 94
– – methanotrophic, 94
mustard gas, 434
myctophids, 56, 287, 445
mytilid symbiosis, 94
13 N/
15 N activity ratios, 333, 342, 347, 358, 361
nanobenthos, 189
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 207
nanoflagellates, 320
nanoplankton, 54
Nansen Basin (Arctic Ocean), 240
– primary production, 243
– radiation, 428
Nansen–Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean), 240, 241
Nares Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean), 131
– necrophages, 152
Natal Basin (Indian Ocean), 220
National Institute of Oceanography (Goa, India), 454
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) (USA), 454
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), 435
nature conservation, 460
NEA, see Nuclear Energy Agency
near-bottom flow
– definition, 8
– effects on organisms, 9, 20–22, 27
– geographic variation, 9
– interface feeding, 342
– Pacific Ocean, 184
– species distribution, 26
– – effects on, 28
– variation with distance from the seabed, 8
necrophages, 19, 366
– adaptations, 356
– amphipods, 151, 152
– Atlantic Ocean, 151–153
– AUDOS experiments, 153
– baited cameras, 152
– Bay of Biscay, 152
– brittle stars, 151, 192
– composition of, 366
547
– – Iberian margin, 139
– colonization, 406
– deep-sea species, 16
– dispersal, 248
– embryology, 397
– fecundity, 395
– fertilization, 395
– fossils, 61
– gametogenesis, 395
– gonads, 395
– growth rates, 30
– in reducing environments, 86
– interpopulation variation, 307
– larvae, 395–398
– larval development, 397
– latitudinal diversity changes, 301
– manganese nodules, 202
– Mediterranean Sea, 279, 280
– oxygen minimum zone, 230
– r/K-selection, 407
– reduced-oxygen tolerance, 8
– reproduction, 393–398
– – periodicity, 395
– – seasonal, 409
– Sea of Japan, 287
– sperm, 395
– suspension feeders, 20
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
momentum-jet-flow model for mining, 450
Monaco, 265
monoliferans, 97
monsoon, 47
– effects on circulation, 219, 220, 273
– effects on diversity, 63
– effects on hydrology, 223
– effects on production, 228, 274
– Northeast Monsoon, 220
– – effects on circulation, 222
– – upwelling, 220, 223, 229
– – vertical flux, 226
– oligotrophy, 226
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 232
– Southwest Monsoon
– – effects on circulation, 220, 222
– – upwelling, 68, 221, 223, 227
– – vertical flux, 226
Monterey Bay, 393
montmorillonite, 268
mortality, 404, 407
– density-dependent, 405
motile epifauna, 345
motility, 339
moults as a source of particle flux, 316, 320
movement rates, 29
Mozambique Basin (Indian Ocean)
– manganese nodules, 225
MPA (marine protected areas), 460
mucus layer, 122
mucus-web feeding, 54
mud
– blue mud, 274
– Mediterranean Sea, 265
– volcanoes, 265, 282
– waves, 326
Muertos Trough (Caribbean Sea), 268
multiple corer, 321
munitions
– disintegration, 434
– disposal in Rockall Trough (Atlantic Ocean), 434
mussels
– brine pools, 89
– colonizers, 166
– growth rates, 94, 99
– Gulf of Mexico, 285
– in reducing environments, 86, 88
– seeps, 89
– symbiosis, 94
– – methanotrophic, 94
mustard gas, 434
myctophids, 56, 287, 445
mytilid symbiosis, 94
13 N/
15 N activity ratios, 333, 342, 347, 358, 361
nanobenthos, 189
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 207
nanoflagellates, 320
nanoplankton, 54
Nansen Basin (Arctic Ocean), 240
– primary production, 243
– radiation, 428
Nansen–Gakkel Ridge (Arctic Ocean), 240, 241
Nares Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean), 131
– necrophages, 152
Natal Basin (Indian Ocean), 220
National Institute of Oceanography (Goa, India), 454
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) (USA), 454
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), 435
nature conservation, 460
NEA, see Nuclear Energy Agency
near-bottom flow
– definition, 8
– effects on organisms, 9, 20–22, 27
– geographic variation, 9
– interface feeding, 342
– Pacific Ocean, 184
– species distribution, 26
– – effects on, 28
– variation with distance from the seabed, 8
necrophages, 19, 366
– adaptations, 356
– amphipods, 151, 152
– Atlantic Ocean, 151–153
– AUDOS experiments, 153
– baited cameras, 152
– Bay of Biscay, 152
– brittle stars, 151, 192
– composition of, 366