540
GENERAL INDEX
hydrothermal vents (cont’d)
– distribution, 82, 83
– diversity, 99
– East Pacific Rise, 385, 404
– enteropneust worms, 404
– faunal relations with seep species, 98
– food supply, 416
– gastropods, 98
– global distribution, 473
– host–symbiont associations, 94, 95
– hydrogen sulphide, 90
– Indian Ocean, 225, 235
– methane, 90
– microbial communities, 87
– microenvironment, 475
– Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 392, 394, 395
– – shrimp (Rimicaris exoculata), 414
– molecular techniques, 475
– molluscs, 397
– – lecithotrophy, 414
– – reproduction, 395, 396
– mussels, 97
– oxygen, 90
– photosynthesis, 93
– physiology of species, 475
– pogonophorans, 96
– polychaetes, 88, 382, 411, 414
– – reproduction, 384, 385, 387
– polymetallic sulphides, 448
– primary production, 90
– publicity, 474
– r/K-selection, 407
– r-strategists, 405
– relations with the deep sea, 100, 101
– relicts, 98
– reproduction, 408–410
– role in evolution, 41
– sampling, 98
– shrimps, 97, 388
– – reproduction, 392, 394
– siboglinid sperm, 411
– Southern Ocean, 253
– species distribution, 89, 383, 386
– stability, 101
– – eruptions, 101
– submersibles, 475
– succession, 99
– sulphide deposits, 447
– temperature, 89, 90
– toxic emissions, 41
– trophic relations, 99, 100
– types, 82, 83
– vestimentiferans, 96, 285
hydrothermalism, 430
hyperbenthos, 13
hypersaline lakes, 265
hyperthermophilic archaea, 87, 89
hypoxia, 274, 285
hypsometric curve, 113
Iberian Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean)
– biomass, 146
– faunal densities, 146
– megafaunal densities, 141
– meiofaunal densities, 150
– necrophages, 152
– nuclear waste dumping, 436
Iberian margin (Atlantic Ocean), 139, 331
– faunal densities, 139
– sediment communities, 139
ice, 40, 240
– Antarctic deep sea
– – high salinity, 251
– Antarctica, 249
– Arctic Ocean, 241, 242
– – ice rafting, 244
– carbon fixation, 253
– effect on salinity, 42
– ice-sheets, 239
– pack-ice, 48
– Southern Ocean, 252
ice rafting, 244, 252
– contamination, 431
ice worm Hesiocaeca methanicola, 286, 383, 385–387
icebergs, 46, 48
Iceland Basin (Atlantic Ocean)
– biomass, 143
– densities, 143
ichnofabric, 315
IMO (International Maritime Organization), 432, 435, 458
impact
– benthos, 457
– fishing, 457
– habitat, 457
– large-scale, 451
impact prediction, 427
impact reference area (IRA), 460
incubations
– of microalgae as food for Foraminifera, 338
INDEX (Indian Deep-sea Environment Experiment), 454
Indian Ocean, 219–235
– abyssal zones, 232, 233
– – particulate organic carbon (POC), 233
– basins, 220
– bottom currents, 225, 226
– boundary currents, 221
– characteristics, 47, 48
– circulation, 219, 220, 222
– connection to the Southern Ocean, 249
– fallout events, 428
– faunal affinities with Southern Ocean, 256
– habitats, 226–234
– hydrology, 219, 223
– hydrothermal activity, 225
– manganese nodules, 225
– mid-ocean ridges, 220
– monsoons, 220
– morphology, 220
– oligotrophic abyss, 233, 234
GENERAL INDEX
hydrothermal vents (cont’d)
– distribution, 82, 83
– diversity, 99
– East Pacific Rise, 385, 404
– enteropneust worms, 404
– faunal relations with seep species, 98
– food supply, 416
– gastropods, 98
– global distribution, 473
– host–symbiont associations, 94, 95
– hydrogen sulphide, 90
– Indian Ocean, 225, 235
– methane, 90
– microbial communities, 87
– microenvironment, 475
– Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 392, 394, 395
– – shrimp (Rimicaris exoculata), 414
– molecular techniques, 475
– molluscs, 397
– – lecithotrophy, 414
– – reproduction, 395, 396
– mussels, 97
– oxygen, 90
– photosynthesis, 93
– physiology of species, 475
– pogonophorans, 96
– polychaetes, 88, 382, 411, 414
– – reproduction, 384, 385, 387
– polymetallic sulphides, 448
– primary production, 90
– publicity, 474
– r/K-selection, 407
– r-strategists, 405
– relations with the deep sea, 100, 101
– relicts, 98
– reproduction, 408–410
– role in evolution, 41
– sampling, 98
– shrimps, 97, 388
– – reproduction, 392, 394
– siboglinid sperm, 411
– Southern Ocean, 253
– species distribution, 89, 383, 386
– stability, 101
– – eruptions, 101
– submersibles, 475
– succession, 99
– sulphide deposits, 447
– temperature, 89, 90
– toxic emissions, 41
– trophic relations, 99, 100
– types, 82, 83
– vestimentiferans, 96, 285
hydrothermalism, 430
hyperbenthos, 13
hypersaline lakes, 265
hyperthermophilic archaea, 87, 89
hypoxia, 274, 285
hypsometric curve, 113
Iberian Abyssal Plain (Atlantic Ocean)
– biomass, 146
– faunal densities, 146
– megafaunal densities, 141
– meiofaunal densities, 150
– necrophages, 152
– nuclear waste dumping, 436
Iberian margin (Atlantic Ocean), 139, 331
– faunal densities, 139
– sediment communities, 139
ice, 40, 240
– Antarctic deep sea
– – high salinity, 251
– Antarctica, 249
– Arctic Ocean, 241, 242
– – ice rafting, 244
– carbon fixation, 253
– effect on salinity, 42
– ice-sheets, 239
– pack-ice, 48
– Southern Ocean, 252
ice rafting, 244, 252
– contamination, 431
ice worm Hesiocaeca methanicola, 286, 383, 385–387
icebergs, 46, 48
Iceland Basin (Atlantic Ocean)
– biomass, 143
– densities, 143
ichnofabric, 315
IMO (International Maritime Organization), 432, 435, 458
impact
– benthos, 457
– fishing, 457
– habitat, 457
– large-scale, 451
impact prediction, 427
impact reference area (IRA), 460
incubations
– of microalgae as food for Foraminifera, 338
INDEX (Indian Deep-sea Environment Experiment), 454
Indian Ocean, 219–235
– abyssal zones, 232, 233
– – particulate organic carbon (POC), 233
– basins, 220
– bottom currents, 225, 226
– boundary currents, 221
– characteristics, 47, 48
– circulation, 219, 220, 222
– connection to the Southern Ocean, 249
– fallout events, 428
– faunal affinities with Southern Ocean, 256
– habitats, 226–234
– hydrology, 219, 223
– hydrothermal activity, 225
– manganese nodules, 225
– mid-ocean ridges, 220
– monsoons, 220
– morphology, 220
– oligotrophic abyss, 233, 234