GENERAL INDEX
539
HCH, see hexachlorocyclohexane
heavy metals, 430, 440, 441
HEBBLE (High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment),
115, 124, 125, 283, 326, 474
– bacterial densities, 154
– benthic storms, 163, 164
– food supply, 154
– nematodes, 139
– organic-carbon input, 163
Hebridean margin (Atlantic Ocean), 123
helium, 429
Hellenic Trench (Mediterranean Sea), 263, 282
hemipelagic sediments, 270, 283, 284
Hendrickson Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127
herbivores, 70
hermaphroditism, 389, 398, 401
– protandric, 58, 392, 395
hermit crabs, 388, 403
– seasonality, 123
heterotrophic bacteria, 98, 415
heterotrophic microbial processes, 92
heterotrophy, 91, 100, 103, 313, 317
hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), 429
hexactinellid sponges, 340, 388, 475
– marriage shrimps, 388
– Porcupine Seabight (Atlantic Ocean), 135
– reproduction, 403
– stable isotope studies, 342
High Aswan Dam, 265
High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment, see HEBBLE
high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC), 49, 50
high seas in relation to protection, 427, 459
high-temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO), 359
history of deep-sea science, 473
hoarding, 352
holothurians (see also Holothuroidea in Systematic Index)
– as deposit feeders, 345–347
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – densities, 141
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – Hendrickson Canyon, 127
– – Northwest African margin, 141
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135, 136
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– – temporal variations, 150
– dietary differences, 345
– enzyme profiles, 345
– food-gathering mechanism, 345
– food supply, 353
– foraging strategies, 345, 346
– gigantism, 24
– gut contents, 346
– hermaphrodites, 398
– metabolic rates, 30
– migration, 352
– movement rates, 29
– opportunistics, 135
– particle selection, 346
– pigment analysis, 123
– vertical migration, 59
Horizon Guyot, 180
hornblende, 272
host–symbiont associations, 94, 95
Hudson Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127
humic acids, 359
humic compounds, 333
Hurlbert’s expected number of species E(S n ), 296, 298, 300, 301
Huston’s dynamic-equilibrium model, 299
hyalinoecid polychaetes, 125–127, 191, 283, 357, 360, 383, 386
hydrates, 85, 86, 88, 103, 445
hydrocarbon seeps, 111
hydrocarbons, 435, 440, 441, 455
– polycyclic aromatic, 430
hydrodynamic sorting, 331
hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays, 165
hydrodynamics, 366
– effects on feeding types, 339, 340
– temporal change, 342
hydrogen index, 231
hydrogen sulphide, 90, 284–286
– vestimentiferans, 285
hydrography
– Antarctic Seas, 250
– Arctic deep sea, 240–242
– Atlantic Ocean, 115–117
– Caribbean Sea, 269, 270
– Gulf of Mexico, 271
– Indian Ocean, 219, 223
– Indonesian Seas, 273, 274
– Mediterranean Sea, 263–265
– Pacific Ocean, 179–182
– Red Sea, 267, 268
– Sea of Japan, 275, 276
– Sea of Okhotsk, 276, 277
hydroids, 133, 340, 403
hydrolytic enzymes, 122, 154, 333
hydrostatic pressure, 41, 44
hydrothermal activity, 261
hydrothermal brines, 283
hydrothermal fluid
– pH, 473
– temperature, 473
hydrothermal plumes, 82
hydrothermal vents, 2, 81–84, 179, 313, 405, 450, 474
– biomass, 98
– bivalves
– – reproduction, 409
– – sperm, 411
– cnidarians, 402
– colonization, 101
– crabs, reproduction, 394
– creation, 81
– crustaceans, 391
– – reproduction, 392
– discovery, 473
– dispersal of faunas, 101, 102, 415, 416, 475
539
HCH, see hexachlorocyclohexane
heavy metals, 430, 440, 441
HEBBLE (High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment),
115, 124, 125, 283, 326, 474
– bacterial densities, 154
– benthic storms, 163, 164
– food supply, 154
– nematodes, 139
– organic-carbon input, 163
Hebridean margin (Atlantic Ocean), 123
helium, 429
Hellenic Trench (Mediterranean Sea), 263, 282
hemipelagic sediments, 270, 283, 284
Hendrickson Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127
herbivores, 70
hermaphroditism, 389, 398, 401
– protandric, 58, 392, 395
hermit crabs, 388, 403
– seasonality, 123
heterotrophic bacteria, 98, 415
heterotrophic microbial processes, 92
heterotrophy, 91, 100, 103, 313, 317
hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), 429
hexactinellid sponges, 340, 388, 475
– marriage shrimps, 388
– Porcupine Seabight (Atlantic Ocean), 135
– reproduction, 403
– stable isotope studies, 342
High Aswan Dam, 265
High Energy Benthic Boundary Layer Experiment, see HEBBLE
high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC), 49, 50
high seas in relation to protection, 427, 459
high-temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO), 359
history of deep-sea science, 473
hoarding, 352
holothurians (see also Holothuroidea in Systematic Index)
– as deposit feeders, 345–347
– Atlantic Ocean
– – Bay of Biscay, 138
– – densities, 141
– – Goban Spur, 137
– – Hendrickson Canyon, 127
– – Northwest African margin, 141
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Porcupine Seabight, 135, 136
– – Puerto Rico Trench, 131
– – temporal variations, 150
– dietary differences, 345
– enzyme profiles, 345
– food-gathering mechanism, 345
– food supply, 353
– foraging strategies, 345, 346
– gigantism, 24
– gut contents, 346
– hermaphrodites, 398
– metabolic rates, 30
– migration, 352
– movement rates, 29
– opportunistics, 135
– particle selection, 346
– pigment analysis, 123
– vertical migration, 59
Horizon Guyot, 180
hornblende, 272
host–symbiont associations, 94, 95
Hudson Canyon (Atlantic Ocean), 127
humic acids, 359
humic compounds, 333
Hurlbert’s expected number of species E(S n ), 296, 298, 300, 301
Huston’s dynamic-equilibrium model, 299
hyalinoecid polychaetes, 125–127, 191, 283, 357, 360, 383, 386
hydrates, 85, 86, 88, 103, 445
hydrocarbon seeps, 111
hydrocarbons, 435, 440, 441, 455
– polycyclic aromatic, 430
hydrodynamic sorting, 331
hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays, 165
hydrodynamics, 366
– effects on feeding types, 339, 340
– temporal change, 342
hydrogen index, 231
hydrogen sulphide, 90, 284–286
– vestimentiferans, 285
hydrography
– Antarctic Seas, 250
– Arctic deep sea, 240–242
– Atlantic Ocean, 115–117
– Caribbean Sea, 269, 270
– Gulf of Mexico, 271
– Indian Ocean, 219, 223
– Indonesian Seas, 273, 274
– Mediterranean Sea, 263–265
– Pacific Ocean, 179–182
– Red Sea, 267, 268
– Sea of Japan, 275, 276
– Sea of Okhotsk, 276, 277
hydroids, 133, 340, 403
hydrolytic enzymes, 122, 154, 333
hydrostatic pressure, 41, 44
hydrothermal activity, 261
hydrothermal brines, 283
hydrothermal fluid
– pH, 473
– temperature, 473
hydrothermal plumes, 82
hydrothermal vents, 2, 81–84, 179, 313, 405, 450, 474
– biomass, 98
– bivalves
– – reproduction, 409
– – sperm, 411
– cnidarians, 402
– colonization, 101
– crabs, reproduction, 394
– creation, 81
– crustaceans, 391
– – reproduction, 392
– discovery, 473
– dispersal of faunas, 101, 102, 415, 416, 475