GENERAL INDEX
537
– larvae, 396
– mesogastropods, 397
– neogastropods, 22, 357, 397
– Pacific Ocean, 186
– r/K-selection, 406
– Red Sea, 283
– reproduction, 394
– scavengers, 100
– seeps, 98
– spermatogenesis, 395
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
Gay Head–Bermuda Transect (Atlantic Ocean), 114, 124
– biomass, 147
– faunal densities, 147
– oxygen consumption, 161
– respiration rates, 159
– sampling, 2
gelatinous species, 55
– buoyancy, 73
– fast sinking of, 313
– ionic control, 73
genetic diversity, 415
geochemistry, 114
geographic patterns, 113
Georges Bank (Atlantic Ocean), 125, 126
Georgia Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 116
geotaxis, 356
GESAMP (Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine
Environmental Protection), 458
Gibbs Fracture Zone (Atlantic Ocean), 113
Gibraltar Sill, 264, 279, 282
gigantism, 23
– echinoderms, 400
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
glacial-marine sediments, 252
glacial relicts, 61
glaciations, 254, 256, 306
– causing latitudinal gradients of species diversity, 306
– effects on diversity, 304–306
– extinctions, 249, 256
– fluctuating sea levels, 61
– habitat eradication, 256
– orbitally-driven cycles, 305
– Pleistocene, 307
glass beads as tracers for bioturbation, 162
global carbon budget, 365
global carbon cycle, 313, 362, 365
Globigerina ooze, 274
glycosidases, 345
Goban Spur (Atlantic Ocean), 114, 137, 138
– biomass, 137, 157
– faunal densities, 137, 138
– phytodetritus, 122, 137
– – response to, 123
– respiration rates, 137
– seasonality, 137
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 336
– sedimentary organic carbon, 137
– vertical distribution, 137
Golfe du Lion (Mediterranean Sea), 264–266, 280
– vertical flux, 265
Gollum Channel System (Atlantic Ocean), 135
gonads, 389, 392
– cnidarians, 402
– echinoderms, 398
– molluscs, 395
Gondwana, 255
Gorda Ridge (north-east Pacific) hydrothermal vents, 82
gorgonian corals (see also Gorgonacea in Systematic Index)
– as habitat, 286, 402, 403
– Atlantic Ocean, 130
– – Goban Spur, 138
– deep-sea hard-bottom taxa, 27
– Mediterranean Sea, 279
– Southern Ocean, 254
– suspension feeders, 28, 342
grab respirometry, 124, 161
Grand Bahama Bank (Atlantic Ocean), 113
Grand Banks (Atlantic Ocean), 111, 127, 361
– earthquake, 119
granulometry, 119
gravels, 118
gravity-driven mass movements, 111
– Atlantic Ocean, 118
grazing, 318
– phytoplankton, 318
Great Conveyor, 43
Great Meteor East region (Atlantic Ocean)
– megafaunal densities, 141
Great Meteor Seamount (Atlantic Ocean), 151
green algae, 121, 122
Green Canyon (Gulf of Mexico), 285
– chemosynthetically-supported species, 286
greenhouse effect, 3
greenhouse gas, 444
Greenland, 428
Greenland Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 111, 132
– biomass, 142
– densities, 142
Greenland Sea (Atlantic Ocean), 331, 429
– chlorofluorocarbons, 429
– downwelling, 430
– radiation, 428
– radionuclides, 428
Greenland–Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean),
see Norwegian–Greenland Sea (Atlantic Ocean)
Greenpeace, 435
Grenada Basin (Caribbean Sea), 268, 270
grenadier (Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus), 127, 156
– Porcupine Abyssal Plain, 156
– scavenger, 357
– seasonal changes in response times, 352
growth, 316
growth-banding, 314
growth rates, 30, 332, 349, 350, 407
– changes with depth, 30, 31
– clams, 99
– coral (Corallium), 349
537
– larvae, 396
– mesogastropods, 397
– neogastropods, 22, 357, 397
– Pacific Ocean, 186
– r/K-selection, 406
– Red Sea, 283
– reproduction, 394
– scavengers, 100
– seeps, 98
– spermatogenesis, 395
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 284
Gay Head–Bermuda Transect (Atlantic Ocean), 114, 124
– biomass, 147
– faunal densities, 147
– oxygen consumption, 161
– respiration rates, 159
– sampling, 2
gelatinous species, 55
– buoyancy, 73
– fast sinking of, 313
– ionic control, 73
genetic diversity, 415
geochemistry, 114
geographic patterns, 113
Georges Bank (Atlantic Ocean), 125, 126
Georgia Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 116
geotaxis, 356
GESAMP (Group of Experts on Scientific Aspects of Marine
Environmental Protection), 458
Gibbs Fracture Zone (Atlantic Ocean), 113
Gibraltar Sill, 264, 279, 282
gigantism, 23
– echinoderms, 400
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
glacial-marine sediments, 252
glacial relicts, 61
glaciations, 254, 256, 306
– causing latitudinal gradients of species diversity, 306
– effects on diversity, 304–306
– extinctions, 249, 256
– fluctuating sea levels, 61
– habitat eradication, 256
– orbitally-driven cycles, 305
– Pleistocene, 307
glass beads as tracers for bioturbation, 162
global carbon budget, 365
global carbon cycle, 313, 362, 365
Globigerina ooze, 274
glycosidases, 345
Goban Spur (Atlantic Ocean), 114, 137, 138
– biomass, 137, 157
– faunal densities, 137, 138
– phytodetritus, 122, 137
– – response to, 123
– respiration rates, 137
– seasonality, 137
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 336
– sedimentary organic carbon, 137
– vertical distribution, 137
Golfe du Lion (Mediterranean Sea), 264–266, 280
– vertical flux, 265
Gollum Channel System (Atlantic Ocean), 135
gonads, 389, 392
– cnidarians, 402
– echinoderms, 398
– molluscs, 395
Gondwana, 255
Gorda Ridge (north-east Pacific) hydrothermal vents, 82
gorgonian corals (see also Gorgonacea in Systematic Index)
– as habitat, 286, 402, 403
– Atlantic Ocean, 130
– – Goban Spur, 138
– deep-sea hard-bottom taxa, 27
– Mediterranean Sea, 279
– Southern Ocean, 254
– suspension feeders, 28, 342
grab respirometry, 124, 161
Grand Bahama Bank (Atlantic Ocean), 113
Grand Banks (Atlantic Ocean), 111, 127, 361
– earthquake, 119
granulometry, 119
gravels, 118
gravity-driven mass movements, 111
– Atlantic Ocean, 118
grazing, 318
– phytoplankton, 318
Great Conveyor, 43
Great Meteor East region (Atlantic Ocean)
– megafaunal densities, 141
Great Meteor Seamount (Atlantic Ocean), 151
green algae, 121, 122
Green Canyon (Gulf of Mexico), 285
– chemosynthetically-supported species, 286
greenhouse effect, 3
greenhouse gas, 444
Greenland, 428
Greenland Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 111, 132
– biomass, 142
– densities, 142
Greenland Sea (Atlantic Ocean), 331, 429
– chlorofluorocarbons, 429
– downwelling, 430
– radiation, 428
– radionuclides, 428
Greenland–Norwegian Sea (Atlantic Ocean),
see Norwegian–Greenland Sea (Atlantic Ocean)
Greenpeace, 435
Grenada Basin (Caribbean Sea), 268, 270
grenadier (Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus), 127, 156
– Porcupine Abyssal Plain, 156
– scavenger, 357
– seasonal changes in response times, 352
growth, 316
growth-banding, 314
growth rates, 30, 332, 349, 350, 407
– changes with depth, 30, 31
– clams, 99
– coral (Corallium), 349