524
GENERAL INDEX
BIOGAS (Biologie du Golfe de Gascogne) study site (Atlantic
Ocean), 114, 116, 138, 139, 145, 152, 333
– bioturbation, 162
biogenic features, 166, 204
– Bay of Bengal, 234
– California slope (Pacific Ocean), 186
– oxygen minimum zones, 228
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 206
biogenic particle flux, 350
biogenic particles, 317
biogenic silicate, 118
biogenous carbonates, 268
biogeochemical carbon cycle, 350
biogeochemical provinces, 119
biogeochemical subdomains, 70
biogeographical boundaries, 65
biogeography, 24, 70, 256, 473
– Antarctic deep sea, 253, 254
– Arctic Ocean, 247, 249
– combined along- and across-isobath patterns, 25
– factors controlling the depth range of a species, 26
– longevity, 63
– patterns along isobaths, 24
– patterns with depth, 25
– provinces, 70
– Southern Ocean, 255
biological accommodation, 406
biological profiles, 53
biological pump, 50, 60
biological transport, 315
– active, 314, 318
bioluminescence, 8, 44, 56, 58
biomarkers, 346
– in phytodetritus, 324
biomass, 39
– Arctic Ocean, 245, 246
– Atlantic Ocean, 120, 157, 158
– – effects of depth, 159
– benthic, 317, 333
– changes with depth, 16, 17, 23, 157, 254, 287, 343
– comparison between northeast/northwest Atlantic, 158
– distribution, 53, 54
– dysaerobic basins, 99
– effects of the Amazon River, 158
– global estimate of oceanic biomass, 75
– hydrothermal vents, 98
– Kurile Basin (Sea of Okhotsk), 287
– macrofauna, 342
– macroplankton, 317
– Mediterranean Sea, 280–282
– megafauna, 158
– microbial, 93, 345
– micronekton, 317
– near-seabed increase, 59
– protozoans, 336
– Red Sea, 283
– relation to primary production, 17
– sampling, 17
– Sea of Japan, 287
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
– seeps, 98
– size-classified, 349
– Southern Ocean, 254
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 283, 284
biomass production, 51
biomass profiles, 54
biomass–carbon demand relationship, 362
biophysical characteristics, 39
BIOTRANS study site (Atlantic Ocean)
– biochemical measurements, 333, 336
– biomass, 145
– energy flow, 350
– faunal densities, 145
– interannual variation, 336
– meiofauna, 150
– microbial activity, 154
– nematodes, 338
– oxygen consumption, 161
– phytodetritus, 122, 322, 324
– – effects of, 123
– seasonality, 155
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 160, 336
– vertical flux, 351
biotransformation, 336
bioturbation, 23, 72, 194, 326, 346, 361, 428
– age-dependent, 195
– animal tracks and trails, 196
– Atlantic Ocean, 160–165
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – Hatteras Abyssal Plain, 131
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 133
– burrows, 165
– decreasing with depth, 196
– deposit feeders, 195
– oxygen minimum zones, 199, 232
– Pacific Ocean
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 201, 204, 205
– – California slope, 195, 196
– particle subduction, 348
– rates, 30, 195
– – changes with depth, 30
– size-dependent, 195
– spatial variability, 196
– stable isotope analysis, 346
– tracer-dependent, 195
bivalves (see also Bivalvia in Systematic Index)
– adaptations to food scarcity, 339
– Atlantic Ocean, 124–126, 129, 298
– – densities, 150
– – equatorial, 153
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Northwest African margin, 140
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– chemosynthetically supported, 286
– colonizers, 165
– deep ocean trenches, 211
– diversity, 297
GENERAL INDEX
BIOGAS (Biologie du Golfe de Gascogne) study site (Atlantic
Ocean), 114, 116, 138, 139, 145, 152, 333
– bioturbation, 162
biogenic features, 166, 204
– Bay of Bengal, 234
– California slope (Pacific Ocean), 186
– oxygen minimum zones, 228
– Pacific oligotrophic abyss, 206
biogenic particle flux, 350
biogenic particles, 317
biogenic silicate, 118
biogenous carbonates, 268
biogeochemical carbon cycle, 350
biogeochemical provinces, 119
biogeochemical subdomains, 70
biogeographical boundaries, 65
biogeography, 24, 70, 256, 473
– Antarctic deep sea, 253, 254
– Arctic Ocean, 247, 249
– combined along- and across-isobath patterns, 25
– factors controlling the depth range of a species, 26
– longevity, 63
– patterns along isobaths, 24
– patterns with depth, 25
– provinces, 70
– Southern Ocean, 255
biological accommodation, 406
biological profiles, 53
biological pump, 50, 60
biological transport, 315
– active, 314, 318
bioluminescence, 8, 44, 56, 58
biomarkers, 346
– in phytodetritus, 324
biomass, 39
– Arctic Ocean, 245, 246
– Atlantic Ocean, 120, 157, 158
– – effects of depth, 159
– benthic, 317, 333
– changes with depth, 16, 17, 23, 157, 254, 287, 343
– comparison between northeast/northwest Atlantic, 158
– distribution, 53, 54
– dysaerobic basins, 99
– effects of the Amazon River, 158
– global estimate of oceanic biomass, 75
– hydrothermal vents, 98
– Kurile Basin (Sea of Okhotsk), 287
– macrofauna, 342
– macroplankton, 317
– Mediterranean Sea, 280–282
– megafauna, 158
– microbial, 93, 345
– micronekton, 317
– near-seabed increase, 59
– protozoans, 336
– Red Sea, 283
– relation to primary production, 17
– sampling, 17
– Sea of Japan, 287
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
– seeps, 98
– size-classified, 349
– Southern Ocean, 254
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 283, 284
biomass production, 51
biomass profiles, 54
biomass–carbon demand relationship, 362
biophysical characteristics, 39
BIOTRANS study site (Atlantic Ocean)
– biochemical measurements, 333, 336
– biomass, 145
– energy flow, 350
– faunal densities, 145
– interannual variation, 336
– meiofauna, 150
– microbial activity, 154
– nematodes, 338
– oxygen consumption, 161
– phytodetritus, 122, 322, 324
– – effects of, 123
– seasonality, 155
– sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC), 160, 336
– vertical flux, 351
biotransformation, 336
bioturbation, 23, 72, 194, 326, 346, 361, 428
– age-dependent, 195
– animal tracks and trails, 196
– Atlantic Ocean, 160–165
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– – Hatteras Abyssal Plain, 131
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 133
– burrows, 165
– decreasing with depth, 196
– deposit feeders, 195
– oxygen minimum zones, 199, 232
– Pacific Ocean
– – abyssal equatorial Pacific, 201, 204, 205
– – California slope, 195, 196
– particle subduction, 348
– rates, 30, 195
– – changes with depth, 30
– size-dependent, 195
– spatial variability, 196
– stable isotope analysis, 346
– tracer-dependent, 195
bivalves (see also Bivalvia in Systematic Index)
– adaptations to food scarcity, 339
– Atlantic Ocean, 124–126, 129, 298
– – densities, 150
– – equatorial, 153
– – Iberian margin, 139
– – Northwest African margin, 140
– – Norwegian–Greenland Sea, 132
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– chemosynthetically supported, 286
– colonizers, 165
– deep ocean trenches, 211
– diversity, 297