GENERAL INDEX
525
– effects of depth on diversity, 297
– effects of mining, 453
– geographical distribution, 24, 25
– growth rates, 30, 349
– Gulf of Mexico, 285
– in reducing environments, 97
– latitudinal diversity cline, 246, 247
– miniaturization, 339
– r/K-selection, 407
– Red Sea, 283
– reproduction, 396
– seasonality, 123, 134
– seeps, 89, 102
– size class, 11
– symbiosis, 94
Black Sea, 261, 262
– anoxic, 44
– radionuclides, 428
black smokers, 81–83
– temperature, 89
Blake Escarpment (Atlantic Ocean), 130
Blake Plateau (Atlantic Ocean), 115, 130, 131, 159
– mining, 449, 452
– oxygen consumption, 161
Blake Spur (Atlantic Ocean), 130, 131
– species distribution, 27
blindness, 8
blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), 282
body size, 69, 70, 339, 363
– and predation, 22
– and sampling, 11, 12, 14
– changes with depth, 18, 23, 24, 26, 137
– classes, 11
– effects on particle selection, 345
– food-web modelling, 70
– frequencies, 350
– metabolic rates, 29
– related to foraging strategies, 366
– relations to particle utilization, 332
– scaling, 332, 339
– size–abundance relationships, 11
– species ranges, 26
Bosporus (Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea), 262
bottom currents, 112, 117, 118, 130, 135, 326, 327
– Atlantic Ocean, 140
bottom-dwelling fish, 155
bottom mixing, 340
bottom photographs, 121, 140, 326
bottom sledge, 321
bottom waters
– Atlantic Ocean, 115
– formation of, 42
– oxygen, 116
boundary currents, 184, 223, 365
boundary layer, 181
box corers, 13, 138, 297, 298
brachiopods (see also Brachiopoda in Systematic Index)
– reproduction, 404
– seasonality, 123
– suspension feeders, 20
Brahmaputra River, 234
Brazil Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 116
– manganese nodules, 119
Brazil Current (Atlantic Ocean), 117
Brent Spar, 3, 435, 476
bresiliid shrimps, 95, 97, 112
Brine Pool (Gulf of Mexico), 285
– Bathymodiolus, 285
– salinity, 285
– species distribution, 285
brines, 283
– Red Sea, 268
brisingid asteroids, 130, 398, 399
brittle stars (see also ophiuroids, and Ophiuroidea in Systematic
Index)
– Atlantic Ocean, 125, 127, 130
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– California slope (Pacific Ocean), 191
– distribution, 25
– metabolic rates, 30
– movement rates, 29
– oxygen minimum zones, 347
– r/K-selection, 406
– Sea of Japan, 287
– whale carcasses, 19
brominated phenols, 133
brood size, 394
brooded direct developers, 387
brooding, 198, 349, 396, 408, 412–414
– ascidians, 404
– barnacles, 389
– bryozoans, 404
– carideans, 394
– cnidarians, 403
– crustaceans, 389, 394
– echinoderms, 402
– polychaetes, 385
– pycnogonids, 394
– shrimps, 394
brown clay, 225
Brownian movement, 319
bryozoans (see also Bryozoa in Systematic Index)
– manganese nodules, 202
– reproduction, 404
– Southern Ocean, 254
budgetary discrepancies, 315, 364
budgetary models, 362
– early, 313
– Pacific Ocean, 362
bulk particle processing, 339
buoyancy, 73, 74
– aided by lipids, 356
– cephalopods, 73
– cuttlefish, 73
– demersal fish, 156
– eggs, 60
– gelatinous species, 73, 313
– ionic control, 73
525
– effects of depth on diversity, 297
– effects of mining, 453
– geographical distribution, 24, 25
– growth rates, 30, 349
– Gulf of Mexico, 285
– in reducing environments, 97
– latitudinal diversity cline, 246, 247
– miniaturization, 339
– r/K-selection, 407
– Red Sea, 283
– reproduction, 396
– seasonality, 123, 134
– seeps, 89, 102
– size class, 11
– symbiosis, 94
Black Sea, 261, 262
– anoxic, 44
– radionuclides, 428
black smokers, 81–83
– temperature, 89
Blake Escarpment (Atlantic Ocean), 130
Blake Plateau (Atlantic Ocean), 115, 130, 131, 159
– mining, 449, 452
– oxygen consumption, 161
Blake Spur (Atlantic Ocean), 130, 131
– species distribution, 27
blindness, 8
blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), 282
body size, 69, 70, 339, 363
– and predation, 22
– and sampling, 11, 12, 14
– changes with depth, 18, 23, 24, 26, 137
– classes, 11
– effects on particle selection, 345
– food-web modelling, 70
– frequencies, 350
– metabolic rates, 29
– related to foraging strategies, 366
– relations to particle utilization, 332
– scaling, 332, 339
– size–abundance relationships, 11
– species ranges, 26
Bosporus (Aegean Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea), 262
bottom currents, 112, 117, 118, 130, 135, 326, 327
– Atlantic Ocean, 140
bottom-dwelling fish, 155
bottom mixing, 340
bottom photographs, 121, 140, 326
bottom sledge, 321
bottom waters
– Atlantic Ocean, 115
– formation of, 42
– oxygen, 116
boundary currents, 184, 223, 365
boundary layer, 181
box corers, 13, 138, 297, 298
brachiopods (see also Brachiopoda in Systematic Index)
– reproduction, 404
– seasonality, 123
– suspension feeders, 20
Brahmaputra River, 234
Brazil Basin (Atlantic Ocean), 116
– manganese nodules, 119
Brazil Current (Atlantic Ocean), 117
Brent Spar, 3, 435, 476
bresiliid shrimps, 95, 97, 112
Brine Pool (Gulf of Mexico), 285
– Bathymodiolus, 285
– salinity, 285
– species distribution, 285
brines, 283
– Red Sea, 268
brisingid asteroids, 130, 398, 399
brittle stars (see also ophiuroids, and Ophiuroidea in Systematic
Index)
– Atlantic Ocean, 125, 127, 130
– – Cape Hatteras, 129
– California slope (Pacific Ocean), 191
– distribution, 25
– metabolic rates, 30
– movement rates, 29
– oxygen minimum zones, 347
– r/K-selection, 406
– Sea of Japan, 287
– whale carcasses, 19
brominated phenols, 133
brood size, 394
brooded direct developers, 387
brooding, 198, 349, 396, 408, 412–414
– ascidians, 404
– barnacles, 389
– bryozoans, 404
– carideans, 394
– cnidarians, 403
– crustaceans, 389, 394
– echinoderms, 402
– polychaetes, 385
– pycnogonids, 394
– shrimps, 394
brown clay, 225
Brownian movement, 319
bryozoans (see also Bryozoa in Systematic Index)
– manganese nodules, 202
– reproduction, 404
– Southern Ocean, 254
budgetary discrepancies, 315, 364
budgetary models, 362
– early, 313
– Pacific Ocean, 362
bulk particle processing, 339
buoyancy, 73, 74
– aided by lipids, 356
– cephalopods, 73
– cuttlefish, 73
– demersal fish, 156
– eggs, 60
– gelatinous species, 73, 313
– ionic control, 73