468
Hjalmar THIEL
manganese nodule mining tests. In: Manganese Nodule Deposits
in the Pacific, Symposium/Workshop Proceedings 1972, Honolulu,
Hawaii. State Center for Science Policy and Technology, Hawaii,
pp. 129–146.
Roels, O.A., Amos, A.F., Anderson, O.R., Garside, C., Haines, K.C.,
Malone, T.C., Paul, A.Z. and Rice, G.E., 1973. The Environmental
Impact of Deep-Sea Mining, Progress Report. NOAA Tech. Rep.
ERL 290-OD 11, 185 pp.
Roether, W. and Rhein, M., 1989. Chemical tracers in the Ocean.
In: J. S¨ undermann (Editor), Landolf – B¨ ornstein, Zahlenwerte
und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Band 3:
Ozeanographie. Springer, Berlin, pp. 59–121.
Roether, W., Putzka, A., Klein, B., Rose, H., R¨ uth, C., S¨ ultenfuß, J.
and Well, R., 1996. South Atlantic deep water tracer studies within
WOCE. Int. WOCE Newslett., 23: 18−23.
Rogers, A.D., 1999. The biology of Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus 1758)
and other deep-water reef-forming corals and impacts from human
activities. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., 84: 315−406.
Rona, P.A., 1982. Polymetallic sulfides at seafloor spreading centers:
a global overview. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 16: 81−86.
Rona, P.A., 1985. Hydrothermal mineralization at slow-spreading
centers: Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean. Mar. Min.,
5: 117−145.
Rudels, B. and Quadfasel, D., 1991. Convection and deep-water
formation in the Arctic Ocean–Greenland Sea system. J. Mar.
Syst., 2: 435−450.
Ruiz, J.M., Bachelet, G., Caumette, P. and Donard, O.F.X.,
1996. Three decades of tributyltin in the coastal environment
with emphasis on Arcachon Bay, France. Environ. Pollut., 93:
195−203.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M. and Lavaleye, M.S.S., 1986. Sediments,
fauna, and the dispersal of radionuclides at the N.E. Atlantic
dumpsite for low-level radioactive waste. Neth. Inst. Sea Res.,
1986: 1−134.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M., Key, R.M., Scholten, J.C., Bauch, D.
and Michel, A., 1995. 228 Ra as a tracer for shelf water in the
Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 42: 1533−1553.
Sand, P.H. (Editor), 1992. The Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements. A Survey of Existing Legal Instruments.
Grotius Publication Ltd, Cambridge, 510 pp.
Saunders, P., 1992. Managing Radioactive Waste in the European
Community. CEC, Brussels, 40 pp.
Schlitzer, R., Roether, W., Oster, H., Junghans, H.-G., Hausmann,
M., Johannsen, H. and Michelato, A., 1991. Chlorofluoromethane
and oxygen in the Eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res., 38:
1531−1551.
Schlosser, P., Swift, J.H., Lewis, D. and Pfirman, S.L., 1995a. The
role of large-scale Arctic Ocean circulation in the transport of
contaminants. Deep-Sea Res. II, 42: 1341−1367.
Schlosser, P., B¨ onisch, G., Kromer, B., Loosli, H.H., B¨ uhler, R.,
Bayer, R., Bonani, G. and Koltermann, K.P., 1995b. Mid-1980’s
distribution of tritium, 3 He, 14 C and 39 Ar in the Greenland/
Norwegian Seas and the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr., 35: 1−28.
Schoell, M. and Hartmann, M., 1978. Changing hydrothermal activity
in the Atlantis II Deep geothermal system. Nature London, 274
(5673): 784−785.
Scholten, J.C., Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M. and Michel, A., 1995.
Distribution of 230 TH and 231 Pa in the water column in relation
to the ventilation of the deep Arctic basin. Deep-Sea Res. II, 42:
1519−1531.
Schriever, G., 1995. DISCOL – Disturbance and Recolonization
Experiment of a manganese nodule area of the Southeastern Pacific.
In: Proceedings of the 1st Ocean Mining Symposium, Tsukuba,
Japan. Cupertino, California, pp. 163–166.
Schriever, G., Ahnert, A., Bluhm, H., Borowski, C. and Thiel, H.,
1997. Results of the large scale deep-sea environmental
impact study DISCOL during eight years of investigation.
In: Proceedings of the 7th International Offshore and Polar
Engineering Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cupertino, California,
pp. 438–444.
Schulz, D.E., Petrick, G. and Duinker, J.C., 1988. Chlorinated
biphenyls in North Atlantic Surface and Deep Water. Mar. Pollut.
Bull., 19: 526−531.
Scott, S.D., 1983. Basalt and sedimentary hosted seafloor polymetallic
sulfide deposits and their ancient analogues. OCEANS ’83, 2:
818−824.
Scott, S.D., 1992. Polymetallic sulfide riches from the deep: fact or
fallacy? In: K.J. Hsu and J. Thiede (Editors), Use and Misuse of
the Seafloor. Wiley, New York, pp. 87–115.
Segschneider, J. and S¨ undermann, J., 1997. Large scale transport of
particle reactive tracers – numerical simulations. In: Proceedings of
the 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,
Honolulu, Hawaii. Cupertino, California, pp. 461–467.
Seibold, E. and Berger, W.H., 1993. The Sea Floor. An Introduction
to Marine Geology. Springer, Berlin, 356 pp.
Sharma, R., 2001. Indian deep-sea environment experiment (INDEX):
an appraisal. Deep-Sea Res. II, 48: 3295–3307.
Sheldon, B. and Michne, D., 1993a. Deep Sea Radiological
Environmental Monitoring Conducted at the Site of the NuclearPowered Submarine ‘Thresher’ Sinking. Kapl, Inc., New York,
96 pp.
Sheldon, B. and Michne, D., 1993b. Deep Sea Radiological
Environmental Monitoring Conducted at the Site of the NuclearPowered Submarine ‘Scorpion’ Sinking. Kapl, Inc., New York,
83 pp.
Sibuet, M. and Coic, D., 1989. Photographic prospection of the
NEA dumpsite in the northeast Atlantic: quantitative distribution
of epibenthic megafauna. In: Interim Oceanographic Description
of the North-East Atlantic Site for the Disposal of Low-Level
Radioactive Waste, Vol. 3. OECD, Paris, pp. 167–177.
Sibuet, M., Calmet, D.P. and Auffret, G.A., 1985. Reconnaissance
photographique de conteneurs en place dans la zone d’immersion
des d´ echets faiblement radioactifs de l’Atlantique Nord-Est. C. R.
Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. C, 301: 497−502.
Smethie Jr., W.M., 1993. Tracing the thermohaline circulation
in the western North Atlantic using chlorofluorocarbons. Prog.
Oceanogr., 31: 51−99.
Smethie Jr., W.M., Chipman, D.W., Swift, J.H. and Koltermann, K.P.,
1988. Chlorofluoromethanes in the Arctic Mediterranean seas:
evidence for formation of bottom water in the Eurasian Basin
and deep-water exchange through Fram Strait. Deep-Sea Res., 35:
347−369.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Spiess, F.N., MacDonald, K.C., Atwater, T., Ballard, R.D., Carranza,
Hjalmar THIEL
manganese nodule mining tests. In: Manganese Nodule Deposits
in the Pacific, Symposium/Workshop Proceedings 1972, Honolulu,
Hawaii. State Center for Science Policy and Technology, Hawaii,
pp. 129–146.
Roels, O.A., Amos, A.F., Anderson, O.R., Garside, C., Haines, K.C.,
Malone, T.C., Paul, A.Z. and Rice, G.E., 1973. The Environmental
Impact of Deep-Sea Mining, Progress Report. NOAA Tech. Rep.
ERL 290-OD 11, 185 pp.
Roether, W. and Rhein, M., 1989. Chemical tracers in the Ocean.
In: J. S¨ undermann (Editor), Landolf – B¨ ornstein, Zahlenwerte
und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Band 3:
Ozeanographie. Springer, Berlin, pp. 59–121.
Roether, W., Putzka, A., Klein, B., Rose, H., R¨ uth, C., S¨ ultenfuß, J.
and Well, R., 1996. South Atlantic deep water tracer studies within
WOCE. Int. WOCE Newslett., 23: 18−23.
Rogers, A.D., 1999. The biology of Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus 1758)
and other deep-water reef-forming corals and impacts from human
activities. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., 84: 315−406.
Rona, P.A., 1982. Polymetallic sulfides at seafloor spreading centers:
a global overview. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 16: 81−86.
Rona, P.A., 1985. Hydrothermal mineralization at slow-spreading
centers: Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean. Mar. Min.,
5: 117−145.
Rudels, B. and Quadfasel, D., 1991. Convection and deep-water
formation in the Arctic Ocean–Greenland Sea system. J. Mar.
Syst., 2: 435−450.
Ruiz, J.M., Bachelet, G., Caumette, P. and Donard, O.F.X.,
1996. Three decades of tributyltin in the coastal environment
with emphasis on Arcachon Bay, France. Environ. Pollut., 93:
195−203.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M. and Lavaleye, M.S.S., 1986. Sediments,
fauna, and the dispersal of radionuclides at the N.E. Atlantic
dumpsite for low-level radioactive waste. Neth. Inst. Sea Res.,
1986: 1−134.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M., Key, R.M., Scholten, J.C., Bauch, D.
and Michel, A., 1995. 228 Ra as a tracer for shelf water in the
Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 42: 1533−1553.
Sand, P.H. (Editor), 1992. The Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements. A Survey of Existing Legal Instruments.
Grotius Publication Ltd, Cambridge, 510 pp.
Saunders, P., 1992. Managing Radioactive Waste in the European
Community. CEC, Brussels, 40 pp.
Schlitzer, R., Roether, W., Oster, H., Junghans, H.-G., Hausmann,
M., Johannsen, H. and Michelato, A., 1991. Chlorofluoromethane
and oxygen in the Eastern Mediterranean. Deep-Sea Res., 38:
1531−1551.
Schlosser, P., Swift, J.H., Lewis, D. and Pfirman, S.L., 1995a. The
role of large-scale Arctic Ocean circulation in the transport of
contaminants. Deep-Sea Res. II, 42: 1341−1367.
Schlosser, P., B¨ onisch, G., Kromer, B., Loosli, H.H., B¨ uhler, R.,
Bayer, R., Bonani, G. and Koltermann, K.P., 1995b. Mid-1980’s
distribution of tritium, 3 He, 14 C and 39 Ar in the Greenland/
Norwegian Seas and the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean. Prog.
Oceanogr., 35: 1−28.
Schoell, M. and Hartmann, M., 1978. Changing hydrothermal activity
in the Atlantis II Deep geothermal system. Nature London, 274
(5673): 784−785.
Scholten, J.C., Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M. and Michel, A., 1995.
Distribution of 230 TH and 231 Pa in the water column in relation
to the ventilation of the deep Arctic basin. Deep-Sea Res. II, 42:
1519−1531.
Schriever, G., 1995. DISCOL – Disturbance and Recolonization
Experiment of a manganese nodule area of the Southeastern Pacific.
In: Proceedings of the 1st Ocean Mining Symposium, Tsukuba,
Japan. Cupertino, California, pp. 163–166.
Schriever, G., Ahnert, A., Bluhm, H., Borowski, C. and Thiel, H.,
1997. Results of the large scale deep-sea environmental
impact study DISCOL during eight years of investigation.
In: Proceedings of the 7th International Offshore and Polar
Engineering Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii. Cupertino, California,
pp. 438–444.
Schulz, D.E., Petrick, G. and Duinker, J.C., 1988. Chlorinated
biphenyls in North Atlantic Surface and Deep Water. Mar. Pollut.
Bull., 19: 526−531.
Scott, S.D., 1983. Basalt and sedimentary hosted seafloor polymetallic
sulfide deposits and their ancient analogues. OCEANS ’83, 2:
818−824.
Scott, S.D., 1992. Polymetallic sulfide riches from the deep: fact or
fallacy? In: K.J. Hsu and J. Thiede (Editors), Use and Misuse of
the Seafloor. Wiley, New York, pp. 87–115.
Segschneider, J. and S¨ undermann, J., 1997. Large scale transport of
particle reactive tracers – numerical simulations. In: Proceedings of
the 7th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference,
Honolulu, Hawaii. Cupertino, California, pp. 461–467.
Seibold, E. and Berger, W.H., 1993. The Sea Floor. An Introduction
to Marine Geology. Springer, Berlin, 356 pp.
Sharma, R., 2001. Indian deep-sea environment experiment (INDEX):
an appraisal. Deep-Sea Res. II, 48: 3295–3307.
Sheldon, B. and Michne, D., 1993a. Deep Sea Radiological
Environmental Monitoring Conducted at the Site of the NuclearPowered Submarine ‘Thresher’ Sinking. Kapl, Inc., New York,
96 pp.
Sheldon, B. and Michne, D., 1993b. Deep Sea Radiological
Environmental Monitoring Conducted at the Site of the NuclearPowered Submarine ‘Scorpion’ Sinking. Kapl, Inc., New York,
83 pp.
Sibuet, M. and Coic, D., 1989. Photographic prospection of the
NEA dumpsite in the northeast Atlantic: quantitative distribution
of epibenthic megafauna. In: Interim Oceanographic Description
of the North-East Atlantic Site for the Disposal of Low-Level
Radioactive Waste, Vol. 3. OECD, Paris, pp. 167–177.
Sibuet, M., Calmet, D.P. and Auffret, G.A., 1985. Reconnaissance
photographique de conteneurs en place dans la zone d’immersion
des d´ echets faiblement radioactifs de l’Atlantique Nord-Est. C. R.
Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. C, 301: 497−502.
Smethie Jr., W.M., 1993. Tracing the thermohaline circulation
in the western North Atlantic using chlorofluorocarbons. Prog.
Oceanogr., 31: 51−99.
Smethie Jr., W.M., Chipman, D.W., Swift, J.H. and Koltermann, K.P.,
1988. Chlorofluoromethanes in the Arctic Mediterranean seas:
evidence for formation of bottom water in the Eurasian Basin
and deep-water exchange through Fram Strait. Deep-Sea Res., 35:
347−369.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Spiess, F.N., MacDonald, K.C., Atwater, T., Ballard, R.D., Carranza,