THE DEEP-SEA FLOOR: AN OVERVIEW
35
Merrett, N.R., 1991. Direct measurements of active dispersal of
food falls by deep-sea demersal fishes. Nature, 351: 647−649.
Reimers, C.E., 1987. An in situ microprofiling instrument for
measuring interfacial pore water gradients: method and oxygen
profiles from the North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 34:
2019−2035.
Rex, M.A., 1977. Zonation in deep-sea gastropods: the importance
of biological interactions to rates of zonation. In: B.F. Keegan, P. O
Ceidigh and P.J.S. Boaden (Editors), Biology of Benthic Organisms.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 521–530.
Rex, M.A. and Etter, R.J., 1998. Bathymetric patterns of body
size: implications for deep-sea biodiversity. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45:
103−127.
Rex, M.A., Etter, R.J. and Nimeskern Jr., P.W., 1990. Density
estimates for deep-sea gastropod assemblages. Deep-Sea Res., 37:
555−569.
Rice, A.L., Aldred, R.G., Darlington, E. and Wild, R.A., 1982.
The quantitative estimation of the deep-sea megabenthos: a new
approach to an old problem. Oceanol. Acta, 5: 63−72.
Rice, A.L., Thurston, M.H. and New, A.L., 1990. Dense aggregations
of hexactinelid sponge Pheronema carpenteri in the Porcupine
Seabight and possible causes. Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 179−196.
Rice, A.L., Tyler, P.A. and Paterson, G.L.J., 1992. The pennatulid
Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in the
Porcupine Seabight (North-east Atlantic Ocean). J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 72: 417−434.
Rokop, F.J., 1974. Reproductive patterns in the deep-sea benthos.
Science, 186: 743−745.
Rowe, G.T., 1971. Benthic biomass and surface productivity. In:
J.D. Costlow (Editor), Fertility of the Sea, Vol. 2. Gordon and
Breach Science Publications, New York, pp. 441–454.
Rowe, G.T., 1983. Biomass and production of the deep-sea
macrobenthos. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), Deep-Sea Biology. Wiley,
New York, pp. 97–122.
Rowe, G.T. and Menzel, D.W., 1971. Quantitative benthic samples
from the deep Gulf of Mexico with some comments on the
measurement of deep-sea biomass. Bull. Mar. Sci., 21: 556−566.
Rowe, G.T. and Menzies, R.J., 1969. Zonation of large benthic
invertebrates in the deep-sea off the Carolinas. Deep-Sea Res.,
16: 531−581.
Rowe, G.T. and Sibuet, M., 1983. Recent advances in instrumentation
in deep-sea biological research. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea,
Vol. 8. Wiley, New York, pp. 81–95.
Rowe, G.T., Polloni, P.T. and Haedrich, R.L., 1982. The deep-sea
macrobenthos on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic
Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 29A: 257−278.
Sainte-Marie, B., 1992. Foraging of scavenging deep-sea lysianassoid
amphipods. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 105−124.
Sanders, H.L., 1968. Marine benthic diversity: a comparative study.
Am. Nat., 102: 243−282.
Sanders, H.L., 1969. Benthic marine diversity and the stability–time
hypothesis. Brookhaven Symp. Biol., 22: 71−80.
Sanders, H.L. and Hessler, R.R., 1969. Ecology of the deep-sea
benthos. Science, 163: 1419−1424.
Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R. and Hampson, G.R., 1965. An
introduction to the study of deep-sea benthic faunal assemblages
along the Gay Head–Bermuda transect. Deep-Sea Res., 12:
845−867.
Scheltema, A.H., 1987. Reproduction and rapid growth in a deep-sea
aplacophoran mollusc, Prochaetoderma yongei. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 37: 171−180.
Schiecke, U. and Fresi, E., 1969. Further desmosomids (Isopoda:
Asellota) from the Bay of Naples. Pubbl. Stn. Zool. Napoli, 37:
156−169.
Schnitker, D., 1979. The deep waters of the western North Atlantic
during the past 24,000 years, and the reinitiation of the western
boundary undercurrent. Mar. Micropaleontol., 4: 265−280.
Schoener, A., 1969. Ecological Studies on Some Atlantic Ophiuroids,
Ph.D. Dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Schwinghamer, P., 1985. Observations on size–structure and pelagic
coupling of some shelf and abyssal benthic communities. In: P.E.
Gibbs (Editor), Proceedings of the 19th European Marine Biology
Symposium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 347–
360.
Sen Gupta, B.K. and Machain-Castillo, M.L., 1993. Benthic
foraminifera in oxygen-poor habitats. Mar. Micropaleontol., 20:
183−201.
Shimeta, J. and Jumars, P.A., 1991. Physical mechanisms and rates
of particle capture by suspension feeders. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 29: 191−257.
Shirayama, Y., 1984. The abundance of deep-sea meiobenthos in
the Western Pacific in relation to environmental factors. Oceanol.
Acta, 7: 113−121.
Shirayama, Y. and Fukushima, T., 1995. Comparisons of deep-sea
sediments and overlying water collected using multiple corer and
box corer. J. Oceanogr., 51: 75−82.
Shirayama, Y. and Horikoshi, M., 1989. Comparison of the benthic
size structure between sublittoral, upper-slope and deep-sea areas
of the Western Pacific. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 74: 1−13.
Shokes, R.F., Trabant, P.K., Presley, B.J. and Reid, D.F., 1976. Anoxic,
hypersaline basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Science, 196:
1443−1446.
Shulenberger, E. and Hessler, R.R., 1974. Scavenging abyssal benthic
amphipods trapped under oligotrophic Central North Pacific Gyre
waters. Mar. Biol., 28: 185−187.
Siebenaller, J.F. and Somero, G.N., 1978. Pressure-adaptive
differences in lactate dehydrogenases of congeneric fishes living
at different depths. Science, 201: 255−257.
Siebenaller, J.F. and Somero, G.N., 1982. The maintenance of
different enzyme activity levels in congeneric fishes living at
different depths. Physiol. Zool., 55: 171−179.
Smith, C.R., 1985. Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal, and
flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea
Res., 32: 417−442.
Smith, C.R., Jumars, P.A. and DeMaster, D.J., 1986. In situ studies
of megafaunal mounds indicate rapid sediment turnover and
community response at the deep-sea floor. Nature, 323: 251−253.
Smith, C.R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A. and Deming,
J.W., 1989. Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341: 27−28.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1983. Metabolism of two dominant epibenthic
35
Merrett, N.R., 1991. Direct measurements of active dispersal of
food falls by deep-sea demersal fishes. Nature, 351: 647−649.
Reimers, C.E., 1987. An in situ microprofiling instrument for
measuring interfacial pore water gradients: method and oxygen
profiles from the North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 34:
2019−2035.
Rex, M.A., 1977. Zonation in deep-sea gastropods: the importance
of biological interactions to rates of zonation. In: B.F. Keegan, P. O
Ceidigh and P.J.S. Boaden (Editors), Biology of Benthic Organisms.
Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 521–530.
Rex, M.A. and Etter, R.J., 1998. Bathymetric patterns of body
size: implications for deep-sea biodiversity. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45:
103−127.
Rex, M.A., Etter, R.J. and Nimeskern Jr., P.W., 1990. Density
estimates for deep-sea gastropod assemblages. Deep-Sea Res., 37:
555−569.
Rice, A.L., Aldred, R.G., Darlington, E. and Wild, R.A., 1982.
The quantitative estimation of the deep-sea megabenthos: a new
approach to an old problem. Oceanol. Acta, 5: 63−72.
Rice, A.L., Thurston, M.H. and New, A.L., 1990. Dense aggregations
of hexactinelid sponge Pheronema carpenteri in the Porcupine
Seabight and possible causes. Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 179−196.
Rice, A.L., Tyler, P.A. and Paterson, G.L.J., 1992. The pennatulid
Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in the
Porcupine Seabight (North-east Atlantic Ocean). J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 72: 417−434.
Rokop, F.J., 1974. Reproductive patterns in the deep-sea benthos.
Science, 186: 743−745.
Rowe, G.T., 1971. Benthic biomass and surface productivity. In:
J.D. Costlow (Editor), Fertility of the Sea, Vol. 2. Gordon and
Breach Science Publications, New York, pp. 441–454.
Rowe, G.T., 1983. Biomass and production of the deep-sea
macrobenthos. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), Deep-Sea Biology. Wiley,
New York, pp. 97–122.
Rowe, G.T. and Menzel, D.W., 1971. Quantitative benthic samples
from the deep Gulf of Mexico with some comments on the
measurement of deep-sea biomass. Bull. Mar. Sci., 21: 556−566.
Rowe, G.T. and Menzies, R.J., 1969. Zonation of large benthic
invertebrates in the deep-sea off the Carolinas. Deep-Sea Res.,
16: 531−581.
Rowe, G.T. and Sibuet, M., 1983. Recent advances in instrumentation
in deep-sea biological research. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea,
Vol. 8. Wiley, New York, pp. 81–95.
Rowe, G.T., Polloni, P.T. and Haedrich, R.L., 1982. The deep-sea
macrobenthos on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic
Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 29A: 257−278.
Sainte-Marie, B., 1992. Foraging of scavenging deep-sea lysianassoid
amphipods. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 105−124.
Sanders, H.L., 1968. Marine benthic diversity: a comparative study.
Am. Nat., 102: 243−282.
Sanders, H.L., 1969. Benthic marine diversity and the stability–time
hypothesis. Brookhaven Symp. Biol., 22: 71−80.
Sanders, H.L. and Hessler, R.R., 1969. Ecology of the deep-sea
benthos. Science, 163: 1419−1424.
Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R. and Hampson, G.R., 1965. An
introduction to the study of deep-sea benthic faunal assemblages
along the Gay Head–Bermuda transect. Deep-Sea Res., 12:
845−867.
Scheltema, A.H., 1987. Reproduction and rapid growth in a deep-sea
aplacophoran mollusc, Prochaetoderma yongei. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 37: 171−180.
Schiecke, U. and Fresi, E., 1969. Further desmosomids (Isopoda:
Asellota) from the Bay of Naples. Pubbl. Stn. Zool. Napoli, 37:
156−169.
Schnitker, D., 1979. The deep waters of the western North Atlantic
during the past 24,000 years, and the reinitiation of the western
boundary undercurrent. Mar. Micropaleontol., 4: 265−280.
Schoener, A., 1969. Ecological Studies on Some Atlantic Ophiuroids,
Ph.D. Dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Schwinghamer, P., 1985. Observations on size–structure and pelagic
coupling of some shelf and abyssal benthic communities. In: P.E.
Gibbs (Editor), Proceedings of the 19th European Marine Biology
Symposium. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 347–
360.
Sen Gupta, B.K. and Machain-Castillo, M.L., 1993. Benthic
foraminifera in oxygen-poor habitats. Mar. Micropaleontol., 20:
183−201.
Shimeta, J. and Jumars, P.A., 1991. Physical mechanisms and rates
of particle capture by suspension feeders. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 29: 191−257.
Shirayama, Y., 1984. The abundance of deep-sea meiobenthos in
the Western Pacific in relation to environmental factors. Oceanol.
Acta, 7: 113−121.
Shirayama, Y. and Fukushima, T., 1995. Comparisons of deep-sea
sediments and overlying water collected using multiple corer and
box corer. J. Oceanogr., 51: 75−82.
Shirayama, Y. and Horikoshi, M., 1989. Comparison of the benthic
size structure between sublittoral, upper-slope and deep-sea areas
of the Western Pacific. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 74: 1−13.
Shokes, R.F., Trabant, P.K., Presley, B.J. and Reid, D.F., 1976. Anoxic,
hypersaline basin in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Science, 196:
1443−1446.
Shulenberger, E. and Hessler, R.R., 1974. Scavenging abyssal benthic
amphipods trapped under oligotrophic Central North Pacific Gyre
waters. Mar. Biol., 28: 185−187.
Siebenaller, J.F. and Somero, G.N., 1978. Pressure-adaptive
differences in lactate dehydrogenases of congeneric fishes living
at different depths. Science, 201: 255−257.
Siebenaller, J.F. and Somero, G.N., 1982. The maintenance of
different enzyme activity levels in congeneric fishes living at
different depths. Physiol. Zool., 55: 171−179.
Smith, C.R., 1985. Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal, and
flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea
Res., 32: 417−442.
Smith, C.R., Jumars, P.A. and DeMaster, D.J., 1986. In situ studies
of megafaunal mounds indicate rapid sediment turnover and
community response at the deep-sea floor. Nature, 323: 251−253.
Smith, C.R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A. and Deming,
J.W., 1989. Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341: 27−28.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1983. Metabolism of two dominant epibenthic