REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS
423
Reproductive pattern in the abyssal snail Benthonella tenella
(Jeffreys). In: S.E. Stancyk (Editor), Reproductive Ecology
of Marine Invertebrates. University of South Carolina Press,
Columbia, pp. 173–188.
Reynolds, P.D., 2002. The Scaphopoda. Adv. Mar. Biol., 42:
135−234.
Rice, A.L., Tyler, P.A. and Paterson, G.L.J., 1992. The pennatulid
Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in the
Porcupine Seabight (North-east Atlantic Ocean). J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 72: 417−434.
Rokop, F.J., 1974. Reproductive patterns in the deep-sea benthos.
Science, 186: 743−745.
Rokop, F.J., 1977a. Seasonal reproduction of the brachiopod Frieleia
halli and the scaphopod Cadulus californicus at bathyal depths in
the deep sea. Mar. Biol., 43: 237−246.
Rokop, F.J., 1977b. Patterns of reproduction in the deep-sea benthic
crustaceans: a reevaluation. Deep-Sea Res., 24: 683−691.
Rokop, F.J., 1979. Year-round reproduction in the deep-sea bivalve
molluscs. In: S.E. Stancyk (Editor), Reproductive Ecology of
Marine Invertebrates. University of South Carolina Press, pp. 189–
198.
Rouse, G.W. and Jamieson, B.G.M., 1987. An ultrastructural study
of the spermatozoa of the polychaetes Eurythoe complanata
(Amphinomidae), Clymenella sp. and Micromaldane sp.
(Maldanidae) with definition of sperm types in relation to
reproductive biology. J. Submicrosc. Cytol., 19: 573−584.
Rowe, F.W.E., Baker, A.N. and Clark, H.E.S., 1988. The morphology,
development and taxonomic status of Xyloplax Baker, Rowe
and Clark 1986 (Echinodermata, Concentricycloidea) with the
description of a new species. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B, 233:
431−459.
Ruff, R.E., 1991. A new species of Bathynoe (Polychaeta: Polynoidae)
from the northeast Pacific Ocean commensal with two species of
deep-water asteroids. Ophelia, Supplement 5: 219−230.
Ruff, R.E. and Brown, B., 1989. A new species of Euchone
(Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from the north-west Atlantic with
comments on ontogenetic variability. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 102:
753−760.
Run, J.-Q., Chen, C.-P., Chang, K.-H. and Chia, F.-S., 1988.
Mating behaviour and reproductive cycle of Archaster typicus
(Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Mar. Biol., 99: 247−253.
Russell, D.E., 1987. Paedampharete acutiseries, a new genus and
species of Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from the North Atlantic
HEBBLE area, exhibiting progenesis and broad intraspecific
variation. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash., 7: 140−151.
Sanders, H.L., 1977. Evolutionary ecology and the deep-sea benthos.
The changing scene in natural sciences, 1776–1976. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Spec. Publ., 12: 223−243.
Sanders, H.L., 1979. Evolutionary ecology and life history patterns
in the deep sea. Sarsia, 64: 1−7.
Sanders, H.L. and Allen, J.A., 1973. Studies on deep-sea
Protobranchia (Bivalvia); prologue and Pristiglomidae. Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. Harvard, 145: 237−262.
Sanders, H.L. and Grassle, J.F., 1971. The interactions of diversity,
distribution and mode of reproduction among major groupings
of the deep-sea benthos. Proceedings of the Joint Oceanographic
Assembly (Tokyo, 1970), pp. 260–262.
Sanders, H.L. and Hessler, R.R., 1969. Ecology of the deep-sea
benthos. Science, 163: 1419−1424.
Schaffer, W.M., 1974. Selection for optimal life histories: the effects
of age structure. Ecology, 55: 291−303.
Schein, E., 1989. Pectinidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) bathyaux
et abyssaux des campagnes BIOGAS (Golf de Gascogne).
Systematique et biog´ eographique. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. Paris, 65:
59−129.
Scheltema, A.H., 1987. Reproduction and rapid growth in a deep-sea
aplacophoran mollusc, Prochaetoderma yongei. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 37: 171−180.
Scheltema, R.S., 1972. Reproduction and dispersal of bottom
dwelling deep-sea invertebrates: a speculative summary. In:
R.W. Bauer (Editor), Barobiology and the Experimental Biology
of the Deep Sea. School of Public Health, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, pp. 56–68.
Scheltema, R.S., 1994. Adaptations for reproduction among deepsea benthic molluscs: an appraisal of the existing evidence. In:
C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors), Reproduction, Larval
Biology and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos. Columbia
University Press, New York, pp. 44–75.
Schoener, A., 1968. Evidence for reproductive periodicity in the deep
sea. Ecology, 49: 81−87.
Schoener, A., 1972. Fecundity and possible mode of development of
some deep-sea ophiuroids. Limnol. Oceanogr., 17: 193−199.
Schroeder, P.C. and Hermans, C.O., 1975. Annelida: Polychaeta.
In: A.C. Giese and J.S. Pearse (Editors), Reproduction of Marine
Invertebrates, Vol. III: Annelids and Echiurans. Academic Press,
New York, pp. 1–213.
Selenka, E., 1885. Gephyrea. Reports of the Scientific Research of
the Voyage of HMS Challenger, Zoology, 13: 1−14. 4 Plates.
Sewell, M.A. and Young, C.M., 1997. Are echinoderm egg size
distributions bimodal? Biol. Bull., 193: 297−305.
Sewell, M.A., Tyler, P.A., Young, C.M. and Conand, C., 1998. Ovarian
development in the class Holothuroidea: a reassessment of the
“tubule recruitment model”. Biol. Bull., 192: 17−26.
Simroth, H., 1897. Die Brachiopoden der Plankton-Expedition.
Ergeb. Plankton-Exped., Bd. ii: 1−19.
Sladen, W.P., 1889. Asteroidea. Reports of the Scientific Research of
the Voyage of HMS Challenger, Zoology, 30: 1−893. 118 Plates.
Smith, C.R. and Hessler, R.R., 1987. Colonization and succession in
deep-sea ecosystems. Trend Ecol. Evol., 2: 359−363.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1992. The role
of food patches in maintaining high deep-sea diversity: field
experiments with hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1543−1550.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1994. Macrofaunal
response to artificial enrichments and depressions in a deep-sea
habitat. J. Mar. Res., 52: 345−369.
Southward, E.C. and Coates, K.A., 1985. Sperm masses and
sperm transfer in a vestimentiferan, Ridgeia piscesae Jones, 1985
(Pogonophora: Obturata). Can. J. Zool., 67: 2776−2781.
Spengel, J.W., 1932. Planctosphaera pelagica. Sci. Results ‘Michael
Sars’ North Atlantic Deep-Sea Exped., 5: 1−27.
Starr, M., Himmelman, J.H. and Therriault, J.C., 1990. Direct
coupling of marine invertebrate spawning with phytoplankton
blooms. Science, 247: 1071−1074.
Starr, M., Therriault, J.C., Conan, G.Y., Comeau, M. and
Robichaud, G., 1994. Larval release in a sub-euphotic
zone invertebrate triggered by sinking phytoplankton particles.
J. Plankton Res., 6: 1137−1147.
423
Reproductive pattern in the abyssal snail Benthonella tenella
(Jeffreys). In: S.E. Stancyk (Editor), Reproductive Ecology
of Marine Invertebrates. University of South Carolina Press,
Columbia, pp. 173–188.
Reynolds, P.D., 2002. The Scaphopoda. Adv. Mar. Biol., 42:
135−234.
Rice, A.L., Tyler, P.A. and Paterson, G.L.J., 1992. The pennatulid
Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) in the
Porcupine Seabight (North-east Atlantic Ocean). J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 72: 417−434.
Rokop, F.J., 1974. Reproductive patterns in the deep-sea benthos.
Science, 186: 743−745.
Rokop, F.J., 1977a. Seasonal reproduction of the brachiopod Frieleia
halli and the scaphopod Cadulus californicus at bathyal depths in
the deep sea. Mar. Biol., 43: 237−246.
Rokop, F.J., 1977b. Patterns of reproduction in the deep-sea benthic
crustaceans: a reevaluation. Deep-Sea Res., 24: 683−691.
Rokop, F.J., 1979. Year-round reproduction in the deep-sea bivalve
molluscs. In: S.E. Stancyk (Editor), Reproductive Ecology of
Marine Invertebrates. University of South Carolina Press, pp. 189–
198.
Rouse, G.W. and Jamieson, B.G.M., 1987. An ultrastructural study
of the spermatozoa of the polychaetes Eurythoe complanata
(Amphinomidae), Clymenella sp. and Micromaldane sp.
(Maldanidae) with definition of sperm types in relation to
reproductive biology. J. Submicrosc. Cytol., 19: 573−584.
Rowe, F.W.E., Baker, A.N. and Clark, H.E.S., 1988. The morphology,
development and taxonomic status of Xyloplax Baker, Rowe
and Clark 1986 (Echinodermata, Concentricycloidea) with the
description of a new species. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B, 233:
431−459.
Ruff, R.E., 1991. A new species of Bathynoe (Polychaeta: Polynoidae)
from the northeast Pacific Ocean commensal with two species of
deep-water asteroids. Ophelia, Supplement 5: 219−230.
Ruff, R.E. and Brown, B., 1989. A new species of Euchone
(Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from the north-west Atlantic with
comments on ontogenetic variability. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 102:
753−760.
Run, J.-Q., Chen, C.-P., Chang, K.-H. and Chia, F.-S., 1988.
Mating behaviour and reproductive cycle of Archaster typicus
(Echinodermata: Asteroidea). Mar. Biol., 99: 247−253.
Russell, D.E., 1987. Paedampharete acutiseries, a new genus and
species of Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from the North Atlantic
HEBBLE area, exhibiting progenesis and broad intraspecific
variation. Bull. Biol. Soc. Wash., 7: 140−151.
Sanders, H.L., 1977. Evolutionary ecology and the deep-sea benthos.
The changing scene in natural sciences, 1776–1976. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Spec. Publ., 12: 223−243.
Sanders, H.L., 1979. Evolutionary ecology and life history patterns
in the deep sea. Sarsia, 64: 1−7.
Sanders, H.L. and Allen, J.A., 1973. Studies on deep-sea
Protobranchia (Bivalvia); prologue and Pristiglomidae. Bull. Mus.
Comp. Zool. Harvard, 145: 237−262.
Sanders, H.L. and Grassle, J.F., 1971. The interactions of diversity,
distribution and mode of reproduction among major groupings
of the deep-sea benthos. Proceedings of the Joint Oceanographic
Assembly (Tokyo, 1970), pp. 260–262.
Sanders, H.L. and Hessler, R.R., 1969. Ecology of the deep-sea
benthos. Science, 163: 1419−1424.
Schaffer, W.M., 1974. Selection for optimal life histories: the effects
of age structure. Ecology, 55: 291−303.
Schein, E., 1989. Pectinidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) bathyaux
et abyssaux des campagnes BIOGAS (Golf de Gascogne).
Systematique et biog´ eographique. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. Paris, 65:
59−129.
Scheltema, A.H., 1987. Reproduction and rapid growth in a deep-sea
aplacophoran mollusc, Prochaetoderma yongei. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 37: 171−180.
Scheltema, R.S., 1972. Reproduction and dispersal of bottom
dwelling deep-sea invertebrates: a speculative summary. In:
R.W. Bauer (Editor), Barobiology and the Experimental Biology
of the Deep Sea. School of Public Health, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, pp. 56–68.
Scheltema, R.S., 1994. Adaptations for reproduction among deepsea benthic molluscs: an appraisal of the existing evidence. In:
C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors), Reproduction, Larval
Biology and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos. Columbia
University Press, New York, pp. 44–75.
Schoener, A., 1968. Evidence for reproductive periodicity in the deep
sea. Ecology, 49: 81−87.
Schoener, A., 1972. Fecundity and possible mode of development of
some deep-sea ophiuroids. Limnol. Oceanogr., 17: 193−199.
Schroeder, P.C. and Hermans, C.O., 1975. Annelida: Polychaeta.
In: A.C. Giese and J.S. Pearse (Editors), Reproduction of Marine
Invertebrates, Vol. III: Annelids and Echiurans. Academic Press,
New York, pp. 1–213.
Selenka, E., 1885. Gephyrea. Reports of the Scientific Research of
the Voyage of HMS Challenger, Zoology, 13: 1−14. 4 Plates.
Sewell, M.A. and Young, C.M., 1997. Are echinoderm egg size
distributions bimodal? Biol. Bull., 193: 297−305.
Sewell, M.A., Tyler, P.A., Young, C.M. and Conand, C., 1998. Ovarian
development in the class Holothuroidea: a reassessment of the
“tubule recruitment model”. Biol. Bull., 192: 17−26.
Simroth, H., 1897. Die Brachiopoden der Plankton-Expedition.
Ergeb. Plankton-Exped., Bd. ii: 1−19.
Sladen, W.P., 1889. Asteroidea. Reports of the Scientific Research of
the Voyage of HMS Challenger, Zoology, 30: 1−893. 118 Plates.
Smith, C.R. and Hessler, R.R., 1987. Colonization and succession in
deep-sea ecosystems. Trend Ecol. Evol., 2: 359−363.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1992. The role
of food patches in maintaining high deep-sea diversity: field
experiments with hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1543−1550.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1994. Macrofaunal
response to artificial enrichments and depressions in a deep-sea
habitat. J. Mar. Res., 52: 345−369.
Southward, E.C. and Coates, K.A., 1985. Sperm masses and
sperm transfer in a vestimentiferan, Ridgeia piscesae Jones, 1985
(Pogonophora: Obturata). Can. J. Zool., 67: 2776−2781.
Spengel, J.W., 1932. Planctosphaera pelagica. Sci. Results ‘Michael
Sars’ North Atlantic Deep-Sea Exped., 5: 1−27.
Starr, M., Himmelman, J.H. and Therriault, J.C., 1990. Direct
coupling of marine invertebrate spawning with phytoplankton
blooms. Science, 247: 1071−1074.
Starr, M., Therriault, J.C., Conan, G.Y., Comeau, M. and
Robichaud, G., 1994. Larval release in a sub-euphotic
zone invertebrate triggered by sinking phytoplankton particles.
J. Plankton Res., 6: 1137−1147.