422
Craig M. YOUNG
hydrothermal-vent polychaete, Paralvinella pandorae (Alvinellidae). Invertebr. Biol., 114: 1161−1168.
McHugh, D. and Tunnicliffe, V., 1994. Ecology and reproductive
biology of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Amphisamytha
galapagensis (Ampharetidae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 106:
111−120.
Melville-Smith, R., 1987. The reproductive biology of Geryon
maritae (Decapoda, Brachyura) off south west Africa/Namibia.
Crustaceana, 53: 259−275.
Menge, B.L., 1975. Brood or broadcast? The adaptive significance
of different reproductive strategies in the two intertidal sea stars
Leptasterias hexactis and Pisaster ochraceus. Mar. Biol., 31:
87−100.
Merrett, N.R., 1987. A zone of faunal change in assemblages of
abyssal demersal fish in the eastern North Atlantic: a response to
seasonality in production? Biol. Oceanogr., 5: 137−151.
Mileikovsky, S.A., 1971. Types of larval development in marine
bottom invertebrates, their distribution and ecological significance.
Mar. Biol., 10: 193−213.
Miller, R.L., 1989. Evidence for the presence of sexual pheromones
in free-spawning starfish. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 130: 205−221.
Mortensen, T., 1898. Die Echinodermenlarven der PlanktonExpedition nebst einer systematischen Revision der bisher
bekannten Echinodermenlarven. Ergeb. Plankton-Exped., 2j:
1−120.
Mortensen, T., 1921. Studies of the Development and Larval Forms
of Echinoderms. G.E.C. Gad, Copenhagen, 266 pp.
Moseley, H.N., 1876. On deep-sea ascidians &c. Linn. Soc. Trans.
Ser. ii, 1: 287.
Moseley, H.N., 1880. Deep-sea dredgings and life in the deep sea.
Nature, 21: 543−547, 569−572, 591−593.
Moseley, H.N., 1881. Hydroid, Alcyonarian and Madreporarian
Corals. Reports of the Scientific Research of the Voyage of HMS
Challenger, Zoology, 2(7): 1−248. 32 Plates.
Mountford, M.D., 1968. The significance of litter size. J. Anim. Ecol.,
37: 363−367.
Muirhead, A., Tyler, P.A. and Thurston, M.H., 1986. Reproductive
biology and growth of the genus Epizoanthus (Zoanthidea) from
the north-east Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 66: 131−143.
Mullineaux, L.S. and France, S.C., 1995. Dispersal mechanisms
of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. Geophys. Monogr., 91:
408−424.
Mullineaux, L.S., Wiebe, P.H. and Baker, E.T., 1995. Larvae of
benthic invertebrates in hydrothermal vent plumes over the Juan
de Fuca Ridge. Mar. Biol., 122: 585−596.
Mullineaux, L.S., Kim, S.L., Pooley, A. and Lutz, R.A., 1996.
Identification of archaeogastropod larvae from a hydrothermal vent
community. Mar. Biol., 124: 551−560.
Murphy, G.I., 1968. Pattern in life-history and environment. Am.
Nat., 102: 391−403.
Nichols, D., Sime, A.A.T. and Bishop, G.M., 1985. Growth
in populations of the sea-urchin Echinus esculentus L.
(Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the English Channel and Firth
of Clyde. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 86: 219−228.
Norenburg, J.L. and Roe, P., 1998. Reproductive biology of several
species of recently collected pelagic nemerteans. Hydrobiologia,
365: 73−91.
Ockelmann, K.W., 1965. Developmental types in marine bivalves
and their distribution along the Atlantic Coast of Europe. In:
L.R. Cox and J.F. Peake (Editors), Proceedings of the 1st European
Malacological Congress, London 1962, pp. 25–35.
Orton, J.H., 1920. Sea temperature, breeding and distribution in
marine animals. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 12: 339−366.
Pain, S.L., Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1982a. The reproductive
biology of the deep-sea asteroids Benthopecten simplex (Perrier),
Pectinaster filholi Perrier, and Postaster tenuispinus Duben &
Koren (Phanerozonia: Benthopectinidae) from the Rockall Trough.
J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 65: 195−211.
Pain, S.L., Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1982b. The reproductive biology
of Hymenaster membranaceus from the Rockall Trough, NorthEast Atlantic Ocean, with notes on H. gennaeus. Mar. Biol., 70:
41−50.
Palmer, A.R. and Strathmann, R.R., 1981. Scale of dispersal in
varying environments and its implications for life histories of
marine invertebrates. Oecologia, 48: 308−318.
Pearse, J.S., 1994. Cold-water echinoderms break “Thorson’s Rule”.
In: C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors), Reproduction,
Larval Biology and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos.
Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 26–39.
Pechenik, J.A., 1999. On the advantages and disadvantages of larval
stages in benthic marine invertebrate life cycles. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 177: 269−292.
Pernet, B., Qian, P.-Y., Rouse, G.W., Young, C.M. and
Eckelbarger, K.J., 2002. Phylum Annelida: Polychaeta. In:
C.M. Young, M.A. Sewell and M.E. Rice (Editors). Atlas of Marine
Invertebrate Larvae. Academic Press, London, pp. 207–243.
Pianka, E.R., 1970. On r- and K-selection. Am. Nat., 100: 592−597.
Potter, E. and Rex, M.A., 1992. Parallel development-depth trends in
deep-sea turrid snails from the Eastern and Western North Atlantic.
Nautilus, 106: 72−75.
Pradillon, F., Shillito, B., Young, C.M. and Gaill, F., 2001.
Developmental arrest in vent worm embryos. Nature, 413:
698−699.
Prouho, H., 1888. Recherches sur le Dorocidaris papillata et quelques
autres ´
echinides de la M´ editerran´ ee. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 2:
213−380.
Ramirez Llodra, E., 2002. Fecundity: characteristics and role in life
history strategies of marine invertebrates. Adv. Mar. Biol., 43:
78−172.
Ramirez Llodra, E., Tyler, P.A. and Copley, J.T.P., 2000. Reproductive
biology of three caridean shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, Chorocaris
chacei and Mirocaris fortunata (Caridea: Decapoda), from
hydrothermal vents. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 80: 473−484.
Ramirez Llodra, E., Tyler, P.A. and Billett, D.S.M., 2002.
Reproductive biology of porcellanasterid asteroids from three
abyssal sites in the Northeast Atlantic with contrasting food input.
Mar. Biol., 140.
Reibisch, J., 1927. Amphipoda: Flohkrebse. Handb. Zool. Berlin,
3(1): 767−808.
Rex, M.A., 1979. r- and K-selection in a deep-sea gastropod. Sarsia,
64: 29−32.
Rex, M.A. and Etter, R.J., 1998. Bathymetric patterns of body
size: implications for deep-sea biodiversity. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45:
103−127.
Rex, M.A. and War´ en, A., 1982. Planktotrophic development in deepsea prosobranch snails from the western North Atlantic. Deep-Sea
Res., 29: 171−184.
Rex, M.A., Van Ummersen, C.A. and Turner, R.D., 1979.
Craig M. YOUNG
hydrothermal-vent polychaete, Paralvinella pandorae (Alvinellidae). Invertebr. Biol., 114: 1161−1168.
McHugh, D. and Tunnicliffe, V., 1994. Ecology and reproductive
biology of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Amphisamytha
galapagensis (Ampharetidae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 106:
111−120.
Melville-Smith, R., 1987. The reproductive biology of Geryon
maritae (Decapoda, Brachyura) off south west Africa/Namibia.
Crustaceana, 53: 259−275.
Menge, B.L., 1975. Brood or broadcast? The adaptive significance
of different reproductive strategies in the two intertidal sea stars
Leptasterias hexactis and Pisaster ochraceus. Mar. Biol., 31:
87−100.
Merrett, N.R., 1987. A zone of faunal change in assemblages of
abyssal demersal fish in the eastern North Atlantic: a response to
seasonality in production? Biol. Oceanogr., 5: 137−151.
Mileikovsky, S.A., 1971. Types of larval development in marine
bottom invertebrates, their distribution and ecological significance.
Mar. Biol., 10: 193−213.
Miller, R.L., 1989. Evidence for the presence of sexual pheromones
in free-spawning starfish. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 130: 205−221.
Mortensen, T., 1898. Die Echinodermenlarven der PlanktonExpedition nebst einer systematischen Revision der bisher
bekannten Echinodermenlarven. Ergeb. Plankton-Exped., 2j:
1−120.
Mortensen, T., 1921. Studies of the Development and Larval Forms
of Echinoderms. G.E.C. Gad, Copenhagen, 266 pp.
Moseley, H.N., 1876. On deep-sea ascidians &c. Linn. Soc. Trans.
Ser. ii, 1: 287.
Moseley, H.N., 1880. Deep-sea dredgings and life in the deep sea.
Nature, 21: 543−547, 569−572, 591−593.
Moseley, H.N., 1881. Hydroid, Alcyonarian and Madreporarian
Corals. Reports of the Scientific Research of the Voyage of HMS
Challenger, Zoology, 2(7): 1−248. 32 Plates.
Mountford, M.D., 1968. The significance of litter size. J. Anim. Ecol.,
37: 363−367.
Muirhead, A., Tyler, P.A. and Thurston, M.H., 1986. Reproductive
biology and growth of the genus Epizoanthus (Zoanthidea) from
the north-east Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 66: 131−143.
Mullineaux, L.S. and France, S.C., 1995. Dispersal mechanisms
of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. Geophys. Monogr., 91:
408−424.
Mullineaux, L.S., Wiebe, P.H. and Baker, E.T., 1995. Larvae of
benthic invertebrates in hydrothermal vent plumes over the Juan
de Fuca Ridge. Mar. Biol., 122: 585−596.
Mullineaux, L.S., Kim, S.L., Pooley, A. and Lutz, R.A., 1996.
Identification of archaeogastropod larvae from a hydrothermal vent
community. Mar. Biol., 124: 551−560.
Murphy, G.I., 1968. Pattern in life-history and environment. Am.
Nat., 102: 391−403.
Nichols, D., Sime, A.A.T. and Bishop, G.M., 1985. Growth
in populations of the sea-urchin Echinus esculentus L.
(Echinodermata: Echinoidea) from the English Channel and Firth
of Clyde. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 86: 219−228.
Norenburg, J.L. and Roe, P., 1998. Reproductive biology of several
species of recently collected pelagic nemerteans. Hydrobiologia,
365: 73−91.
Ockelmann, K.W., 1965. Developmental types in marine bivalves
and their distribution along the Atlantic Coast of Europe. In:
L.R. Cox and J.F. Peake (Editors), Proceedings of the 1st European
Malacological Congress, London 1962, pp. 25–35.
Orton, J.H., 1920. Sea temperature, breeding and distribution in
marine animals. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 12: 339−366.
Pain, S.L., Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1982a. The reproductive
biology of the deep-sea asteroids Benthopecten simplex (Perrier),
Pectinaster filholi Perrier, and Postaster tenuispinus Duben &
Koren (Phanerozonia: Benthopectinidae) from the Rockall Trough.
J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 65: 195−211.
Pain, S.L., Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1982b. The reproductive biology
of Hymenaster membranaceus from the Rockall Trough, NorthEast Atlantic Ocean, with notes on H. gennaeus. Mar. Biol., 70:
41−50.
Palmer, A.R. and Strathmann, R.R., 1981. Scale of dispersal in
varying environments and its implications for life histories of
marine invertebrates. Oecologia, 48: 308−318.
Pearse, J.S., 1994. Cold-water echinoderms break “Thorson’s Rule”.
In: C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors), Reproduction,
Larval Biology and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos.
Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 26–39.
Pechenik, J.A., 1999. On the advantages and disadvantages of larval
stages in benthic marine invertebrate life cycles. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 177: 269−292.
Pernet, B., Qian, P.-Y., Rouse, G.W., Young, C.M. and
Eckelbarger, K.J., 2002. Phylum Annelida: Polychaeta. In:
C.M. Young, M.A. Sewell and M.E. Rice (Editors). Atlas of Marine
Invertebrate Larvae. Academic Press, London, pp. 207–243.
Pianka, E.R., 1970. On r- and K-selection. Am. Nat., 100: 592−597.
Potter, E. and Rex, M.A., 1992. Parallel development-depth trends in
deep-sea turrid snails from the Eastern and Western North Atlantic.
Nautilus, 106: 72−75.
Pradillon, F., Shillito, B., Young, C.M. and Gaill, F., 2001.
Developmental arrest in vent worm embryos. Nature, 413:
698−699.
Prouho, H., 1888. Recherches sur le Dorocidaris papillata et quelques
autres ´
echinides de la M´ editerran´ ee. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 2:
213−380.
Ramirez Llodra, E., 2002. Fecundity: characteristics and role in life
history strategies of marine invertebrates. Adv. Mar. Biol., 43:
78−172.
Ramirez Llodra, E., Tyler, P.A. and Copley, J.T.P., 2000. Reproductive
biology of three caridean shrimp, Rimicaris exoculata, Chorocaris
chacei and Mirocaris fortunata (Caridea: Decapoda), from
hydrothermal vents. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 80: 473−484.
Ramirez Llodra, E., Tyler, P.A. and Billett, D.S.M., 2002.
Reproductive biology of porcellanasterid asteroids from three
abyssal sites in the Northeast Atlantic with contrasting food input.
Mar. Biol., 140.
Reibisch, J., 1927. Amphipoda: Flohkrebse. Handb. Zool. Berlin,
3(1): 767−808.
Rex, M.A., 1979. r- and K-selection in a deep-sea gastropod. Sarsia,
64: 29−32.
Rex, M.A. and Etter, R.J., 1998. Bathymetric patterns of body
size: implications for deep-sea biodiversity. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45:
103−127.
Rex, M.A. and War´ en, A., 1982. Planktotrophic development in deepsea prosobranch snails from the western North Atlantic. Deep-Sea
Res., 29: 171−184.
Rex, M.A., Van Ummersen, C.A. and Turner, R.D., 1979.