FOOD INPUTS, UTILIZATION, CARBON FLOW AND ENERGETICS
379
Thunell, R.C., Tappa, E., Varela, R., Llano, M., Astor, Y., M¨ ullerKarger, F.E. and Bohrer, R., 1999. Increased marine sediment
suspension and fluxes following an earthquake. Nature, 398:
233−236.
Thurston, M.H., 1979. Scavenging abyssal amphipods from the
North-East Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol., 51: 55−68.
Thurston, M.H., Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1995. Abyssal megafaunal
necrophages: latitudinal differences in the eastern North Atlantic
Ocean. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80: 267−286.
Tietjen, J.H., 1992. Abundance and biomass of metazoan meiobenthos
in the deep sea. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht,
pp. 45–62.
Toggweiler, J.R., 1989. Are rising and falling particles microbial
elevators? Nature, 337: 691−692.
Townsend, D.W., Cammen, L.M., Holligan, P.M., Campbell, D.E. and
Pettigrew, N.R., 1994. Causes and consequencs of variability in
the timing of spring phytoplankton blooms. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41:
747−765.
Tso, S.F. and Mok, H.K., 1991. Development, reproduction and
nutrition of the giant isopod Bathynomus doederleini Ortman, 1894
(Isopoda, Flabellifera, Cirolanidae). Crustaceana, 61: 141−154.
Turekian, K.K., Cochran, D.P., Kharkar, D.P., Cerrato, R.M., Vaisnys,
J.R., Sanders, H.L., Grassle, J.F. and Allen, J.A., 1975. Slow growth
rate of deep-sea clam determined by 228 Ra chronology. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA., 180: 2829−2832.
Turley, C.M., 1993. The effect of pressure on leucine and thymidine
incorporation by free-living bacteria and by bacteria attached to
sinking oceanic particles. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 2193−2206.
Turley, C.M. and Lochte, K., 1990a. Microbial response to the input
of fresh detritus the deep-sea bed. Global Planet. Change, 89:
3−23.
Turley, C.M. and Lochte, K., 1990b. Phytodetrital aggregates and
their decomposition on the deep-sea bed: microbial response to
the input of fresh detritus to the deep-sea bed. In: L. Labeyrie
and C. Jeandel (Editors), Global Change. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
pp. 3–23.
Turley, C.M., Lochte, K. and Patterson, D.J., 1988. A barophilic
flagellate isolated from 4500 m in the mid-North Atlantic. DeepSea Res., 35A: 1079−1092.
Turley, C.M., Gooday, A.J. and Green, J.C., 1993. Maintenance
of abyssal benthic foraminifera under high pressure and low
temperature: some preliminary results. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40:
643−652.
Turner, J.T., 1977. Sinking rates of fecal pellets from the marine
copepod Pontella meadii. Mar. Biol., 40: 249−259.
Turner, R.D., 1973. Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in
the deep sea. Science, 180: 1377−1379.
Turner, R.D., 1977. Wood, molluscs, and deep-sea food chains. Bull.
Am. Malacol. Union, 1977: 13−19.
Tyler, P.A., 1988. Seasonality in the deep sea. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 26: 227−258.
Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1982. Ophiopluteus ramosus, the larval
form of Ophiocten gracilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from
the Rockall Trough. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 62: 485−486.
Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1984. Seasonal reproduction of Echinus
affinis (Echinodermata: Echinidea) in the Rockall trough, northeast
Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 31A, 387−402.
Tyler, P.A., Grant, A., Pain, S.L. and Gage, J.D., 1982. Is annual
reproduction in deep-sea echinoderms a response to variability in
their environment? Nature, 300: 747−749.
Tyler, P.A., Harvey, R., Giles, L.A. and Gage, J.D., 1992. Reproductive
strategies and diet in deep-sea nuculanid protobranchs (Bivalvia:
Nuculoidea) from the Rockall Trough. Mar. Biol., 14: 571−580.
Tyler, P.A., Gage, J.D., Paterson, G.L.J. and Rice, A.L., 1993. Dietary
constraint on the reproductive periodicity in two sympatric deepsea stars. Mar. Biol., 115: 267−277.
Tyler, P.A., Campos-Creasey, L.S. and Giles, L.A., 1994.
Environmental controls of quasi-continuous and seasonal
reproduction in deep-sea benthic invertebrates. In: C.R. Young
and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors), Reproduction, Larval Biology, and
Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos. Columbia University Press,
New York, pp. 158–178.
Vangriesheim, A. and Khripounoff, A., 1990. Near-bottom particle
concentration and flux: temporal variations observed with sediment
traps and nephelometer on the Meriadzek Terrace, Bay of Biscay.
Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 103−116.
Vanreusel, A., Vincx, M., Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1995. Nematode
biomass size spectra at two abyssal sites in the NE Atlantic
with a contrasting food supply. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol.,
80: 287−296.
Vereshchaka, A.L., 1995. Macroplankton in the near-bottom layer
of continental slopes and seamounts. Deep-Sea Res. I, 42:
1639−1668.
Vetter, E.W., 1994. Hotspots of benthic production. Nature, 372: 47.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1998. Macrofaunal communities within
and adjacent to a detritus-rich submarine canyon system. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 45: 25−54.
V´ ezina, A.F. and Platt, T., 1988. Food web dynamics in the ocean.
I. Best estimates of flow networks using inverse methods. Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser., 42: 269−287.
Vinogradov, M.E. and Tseitlin, V.B., 1983. Deep-sea pelagic domain
(aspects of bioenergetics). In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea, Vol. 8.
Wiley, New York, pp. 123–165.
Vogel, S., 1978. Organisms that capture currents. Sci. Am., 239:
128−139.
Wainright, S.C., 1987. Stimulation of heterotrophic microplankton
production by resuspended marine sediment. Science, 238:
1710−1712.
Walker, K.R. and Bambach, R.K., 1974. Feeding by benthic
invertebrates: classification and terminology for paleoecological
analysis. Lethaia, 7: 67−78.
Walsh, I.D., 1992. Large aggregate flux and fate at the seafloor:
diagenesis during the rebound process. In: G.T. Rowe and
V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global
Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 365–373.
Walsh, I.D., Fischer, K., Murray, D. and Dymond, J., 1988. Evidence
for resuspension of rebound particles from near-bottom sediment
traps. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 59−70.
Walsh, J.J., 1991. Importance of continental margins in the marine
biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Nature, 350:
53−55.
Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D. and Pribble, J.R., 1991. Organic debris on
the continental margins: a simulation analysis of source and fate.
Deep-Sea Res., 38A, 805−828.
Warner, G.F., 1977. On the shapes of passive suspension feeders. In:
B.F. Keegan, P. O’Ceidigh and P.J.S. Boaden (Editors), Biology of
Benthic Organisms. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 567–576.
379
Thunell, R.C., Tappa, E., Varela, R., Llano, M., Astor, Y., M¨ ullerKarger, F.E. and Bohrer, R., 1999. Increased marine sediment
suspension and fluxes following an earthquake. Nature, 398:
233−236.
Thurston, M.H., 1979. Scavenging abyssal amphipods from the
North-East Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol., 51: 55−68.
Thurston, M.H., Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1995. Abyssal megafaunal
necrophages: latitudinal differences in the eastern North Atlantic
Ocean. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80: 267−286.
Tietjen, J.H., 1992. Abundance and biomass of metazoan meiobenthos
in the deep sea. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht,
pp. 45–62.
Toggweiler, J.R., 1989. Are rising and falling particles microbial
elevators? Nature, 337: 691−692.
Townsend, D.W., Cammen, L.M., Holligan, P.M., Campbell, D.E. and
Pettigrew, N.R., 1994. Causes and consequencs of variability in
the timing of spring phytoplankton blooms. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41:
747−765.
Tso, S.F. and Mok, H.K., 1991. Development, reproduction and
nutrition of the giant isopod Bathynomus doederleini Ortman, 1894
(Isopoda, Flabellifera, Cirolanidae). Crustaceana, 61: 141−154.
Turekian, K.K., Cochran, D.P., Kharkar, D.P., Cerrato, R.M., Vaisnys,
J.R., Sanders, H.L., Grassle, J.F. and Allen, J.A., 1975. Slow growth
rate of deep-sea clam determined by 228 Ra chronology. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA., 180: 2829−2832.
Turley, C.M., 1993. The effect of pressure on leucine and thymidine
incorporation by free-living bacteria and by bacteria attached to
sinking oceanic particles. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 2193−2206.
Turley, C.M. and Lochte, K., 1990a. Microbial response to the input
of fresh detritus the deep-sea bed. Global Planet. Change, 89:
3−23.
Turley, C.M. and Lochte, K., 1990b. Phytodetrital aggregates and
their decomposition on the deep-sea bed: microbial response to
the input of fresh detritus to the deep-sea bed. In: L. Labeyrie
and C. Jeandel (Editors), Global Change. Elsevier, Amsterdam,
pp. 3–23.
Turley, C.M., Lochte, K. and Patterson, D.J., 1988. A barophilic
flagellate isolated from 4500 m in the mid-North Atlantic. DeepSea Res., 35A: 1079−1092.
Turley, C.M., Gooday, A.J. and Green, J.C., 1993. Maintenance
of abyssal benthic foraminifera under high pressure and low
temperature: some preliminary results. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40:
643−652.
Turner, J.T., 1977. Sinking rates of fecal pellets from the marine
copepod Pontella meadii. Mar. Biol., 40: 249−259.
Turner, R.D., 1973. Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in
the deep sea. Science, 180: 1377−1379.
Turner, R.D., 1977. Wood, molluscs, and deep-sea food chains. Bull.
Am. Malacol. Union, 1977: 13−19.
Tyler, P.A., 1988. Seasonality in the deep sea. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.
Annu. Rev., 26: 227−258.
Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1982. Ophiopluteus ramosus, the larval
form of Ophiocten gracilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from
the Rockall Trough. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 62: 485−486.
Tyler, P.A. and Gage, J.D., 1984. Seasonal reproduction of Echinus
affinis (Echinodermata: Echinidea) in the Rockall trough, northeast
Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 31A, 387−402.
Tyler, P.A., Grant, A., Pain, S.L. and Gage, J.D., 1982. Is annual
reproduction in deep-sea echinoderms a response to variability in
their environment? Nature, 300: 747−749.
Tyler, P.A., Harvey, R., Giles, L.A. and Gage, J.D., 1992. Reproductive
strategies and diet in deep-sea nuculanid protobranchs (Bivalvia:
Nuculoidea) from the Rockall Trough. Mar. Biol., 14: 571−580.
Tyler, P.A., Gage, J.D., Paterson, G.L.J. and Rice, A.L., 1993. Dietary
constraint on the reproductive periodicity in two sympatric deepsea stars. Mar. Biol., 115: 267−277.
Tyler, P.A., Campos-Creasey, L.S. and Giles, L.A., 1994.
Environmental controls of quasi-continuous and seasonal
reproduction in deep-sea benthic invertebrates. In: C.R. Young
and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors), Reproduction, Larval Biology, and
Recruitment of the Deep-Sea Benthos. Columbia University Press,
New York, pp. 158–178.
Vangriesheim, A. and Khripounoff, A., 1990. Near-bottom particle
concentration and flux: temporal variations observed with sediment
traps and nephelometer on the Meriadzek Terrace, Bay of Biscay.
Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 103−116.
Vanreusel, A., Vincx, M., Bett, B.J. and Rice, A.L., 1995. Nematode
biomass size spectra at two abyssal sites in the NE Atlantic
with a contrasting food supply. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol.,
80: 287−296.
Vereshchaka, A.L., 1995. Macroplankton in the near-bottom layer
of continental slopes and seamounts. Deep-Sea Res. I, 42:
1639−1668.
Vetter, E.W., 1994. Hotspots of benthic production. Nature, 372: 47.
Vetter, E.W. and Dayton, P.K., 1998. Macrofaunal communities within
and adjacent to a detritus-rich submarine canyon system. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 45: 25−54.
V´ ezina, A.F. and Platt, T., 1988. Food web dynamics in the ocean.
I. Best estimates of flow networks using inverse methods. Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser., 42: 269−287.
Vinogradov, M.E. and Tseitlin, V.B., 1983. Deep-sea pelagic domain
(aspects of bioenergetics). In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea, Vol. 8.
Wiley, New York, pp. 123–165.
Vogel, S., 1978. Organisms that capture currents. Sci. Am., 239:
128−139.
Wainright, S.C., 1987. Stimulation of heterotrophic microplankton
production by resuspended marine sediment. Science, 238:
1710−1712.
Walker, K.R. and Bambach, R.K., 1974. Feeding by benthic
invertebrates: classification and terminology for paleoecological
analysis. Lethaia, 7: 67−78.
Walsh, I.D., 1992. Large aggregate flux and fate at the seafloor:
diagenesis during the rebound process. In: G.T. Rowe and
V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global
Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 365–373.
Walsh, I.D., Fischer, K., Murray, D. and Dymond, J., 1988. Evidence
for resuspension of rebound particles from near-bottom sediment
traps. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 59−70.
Walsh, J.J., 1991. Importance of continental margins in the marine
biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nitrogen. Nature, 350:
53−55.
Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D. and Pribble, J.R., 1991. Organic debris on
the continental margins: a simulation analysis of source and fate.
Deep-Sea Res., 38A, 805−828.
Warner, G.F., 1977. On the shapes of passive suspension feeders. In:
B.F. Keegan, P. O’Ceidigh and P.J.S. Boaden (Editors), Biology of
Benthic Organisms. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp. 567–576.