378
John D. GAGE
Sokolova, M.N., 1994. Euphausiid “dead body rain” as a source of
food for abyssal benthos. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 741−746.
Soltwedel, T., Pfannkuche, O. and Thiel, H., 1996. The size structure
of deep-sea meiobenthos in the north-eastern Atlantic: nematode
size spectra in relation to environmental variables. J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 76: 327−344.
Sorokin, Y.I., 1978. Decomposition of organic matter and nutrient
regeneration. In: O. Kinne (Editor), Mar. Ecol., Vol. IV. Wiley,
London, pp. 501–616.
Southward, A.J. and Southward, E.C., 1982. The role of dissolved
organic matter in the nutrition of deep-sea benthos. Am. Zool., 22:
647−659.
Stephens, M.P., Kadko, D.C., Smith, C.R. and Latasa, M., 1997.
Chlorophyll-a and pheopigments as tracers of labile organic carbon
at the central equatorial Pacific seafloor. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 61: 4605−4619.
Stienen, C., Beckmann, W. and Zeitzschel, B., 1988. Patterns of a
spring mass-sedimentation. Eos, 69: 1117.
Stockton, W.L. and DeLaca, T.E., 1982. Food falls in the deep
sea: occurrence, quality, and significance. Deep-Sea Res., 29A:
157−169.
Suchanek, T., Williams, S.L., Ogden, J.C., Hubbard, D.K. and
Gill, I.P., 1985. Utilization of shallow-water seagrass detritus by
Caribbean deep-sea macrofauna: 13 C evidence. Deep-Sea Res., 32:
201−214.
Suess, E., 1988. Effects of microbial activity. Nature, 333: 17−18.
Sugimura, Y. and Suzuki, Y., 1988. A high temperature catalytic
oxidation method for the determination of non-volatile dissolved
organic carbon in seawater by direct injection of a liquid sample.
Mar. Chem., 24: 105−131.
Sumida, P.Y.G., Tyler, P.A., Lampitt, R.S. and Gage, J.D., 2000.
Reproduction, dispersal and settlement of the bathyal ophiuroid
Ophiocten gracilis in the NE Atlantic. Mar. Biol., 137: 623−630.
Svavarsson, J., Gudmundsson, G. and Brattegard, T., 1993. Feeding
by asellote isopods (Crustacea) on foraminifers (Protozoa) in the
deep sea. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 1225−1239.
Tabor, P.S., Deming, J.W., Ohwada, K. and Colwell, R.R., 1982.
Activity and growth of microbial populations in pressurized deepsea sediment and animal gut samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,
44: 413−422.
Taghon, G.L. and Greene, R.R., 1992. Utilization of deposited
and suspended particulate matter by benthic “interface” feeders.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1370−1391.
Taghon, G.L., Nowell, A.R.M. and Jumars, P.A., 1980. Induction
of suspension feeding in spionid polychaetes by high particulate
fluxes. Science, 210: 562−564.
Tamburri, M.N. and Barry, J.P., 1999. Adaptations for scavenging by
three diverse bathyal species, Eptatretus stouti, Neptunea amianta
and Orchomene obtusus. Deep-Sea Res. I, 46: 2079−2093.
Tanone, E. and Handa, N., 1980. Some characteristic features of
the vertical profile of organic matter in recent sediments from the
Bering Sea. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 36: 1−14.
Tengberg, A., de Bov´ ee, F., Hall, P., Berelson, W.M., Chadwick, D.,
Cicer, G., Crassous, P., Devol, A., Emerson, S., Gage, J.D., Glud,
R.N., Graziottini, F., Gundersen, J.K., Hammond, D.E., Helder, W.,
Hingal, K., Holby, O., Jahnke, R.A., Khripounoff, A., Lieberman,
S., Nuppenau, V., Smallman, D., Wehrli, B. and De Wilde, P.A.W.J.,
1995. Benthic chamber and profiling landers in oceanography –
a review of design, technical solutions and functioning. Prog.
Oceanogr., 35: 253−294.
Thiel, H., 1975. The size structure of the deep-sea benthos. Int. Rev.
Gesamten Hydrobiol., 60: 575−606.
Thiel, H., Pfannkuche, O., Schriever, G., Lochte, K., Gooday, A.J.,
Hemleben, Ch., Mantoura, R.F.C., Turley, C.M., Patching, J.W.
and Riemann, F., 1988/89. Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a
central oceanic region of the Northeast Atlantic. Biol. Oceanogr.,
6: 203−239.
Thistle, D., Yingst, J.Y. and Fauchald, D., 1985. A deep-sea benthic
community exposed to strong near-bottom currents on the Scotian
Rise (Western Atlantic). Mar. Geol., 66: 91−112.
Thistle, D., Ertman, S.C. and Fauchald, K., 1991. The fauna of the
HEBBLE site: patterns in standing stock and sediment-dynamic
effects. Mar. Geol., 99: 413−422.
Thomsen, L., 1999. Processes in the benthic boundary layer at
continental margins and their implication for the benthic carbon
cycle. J. Sea Res., 41: 73−86.
Thomsen, L. and Gust, G., 2000. Sediment stability and
characteristics of resuspended aggregates at continental margins.
Deep-Sea Res. I, 47: 1881−1897.
Thomsen, L. and McCave, I.N., 2000. Aggregation processes in
the benthic boundary layer at the Celtic Sea Continental Margin.
Deep-Sea Res. I, 47: 1389−1404.
Thomsen, L. and Ritzrau, W., 1996. Aggregate studies in the benthic
boundary layer at a continental margin. J. Sea Res., 36: 143−146.
Thomsen, L. and van Weering, Tj.C.E., 1998. Spatial and temporal
variability of particulate matter in the benthic boundary layer at
the north east Atlantic continental margin (Goban Spur). Prog.
Oceanogr., 42: 61−76.
Thomsen, L., Graf, G., Martens, V. and Steen, E., 1994. An instrument
for sampling water from the benthic boundary. Continental Shelf
Res., 14: 871−882.
Thomsen, L., Graf, G., von Juterzenka, K. and Witte, U., 1995. An
in situ experiment to investigate the depletion of seston above an
interface feeder field on the continental margin of the western
Barents Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 123: 295−300.
Thomson, C.W., 1880. General introduction to the zoological series
of reports. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS
Challenger Zool., 1: 1−50.
Thorpe, S.A. and White, M., 1988. A deep intermediate nepheloid
layer. Deep-Sea Res., 35A: 1665−1671.
Thorpe, S.A., Hall, P. and White, M., 1990. The variability of mixing
at the continental slope. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 331:
183−194.
Thorsen, M.S., 1998. Microbial activity, oxygen status and
fermentation in the gut of the irregular sea urchin Echinocardium
cordatum (Spatangoida: Echinodermata). Mar. Biol., 132:
423−433.
Thorsen, M.S., 1999. Abundance and biomass of the gut-living
microorganisms (bacteria, protozoa and fungi) in the irregular sea
urchin Echinocardium cordatum (Spatangoida: Echinodermata).
Mar. Biol., 133: 353−360.
Thunell, R.C. and Honjo, S., 1987. Seasonal and interannual changes
in planktonic foraminiferal production in the North Pacific. Nature,
328: 335−337.
Thunell, R.C. and Pilskaln, C.H., 1994. Temporal variability in
sediment fluxes in the San Pedro Basin, Southern California Bight.
Continental Shelf Res., 14: 333−352.
John D. GAGE
Sokolova, M.N., 1994. Euphausiid “dead body rain” as a source of
food for abyssal benthos. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 741−746.
Soltwedel, T., Pfannkuche, O. and Thiel, H., 1996. The size structure
of deep-sea meiobenthos in the north-eastern Atlantic: nematode
size spectra in relation to environmental variables. J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 76: 327−344.
Sorokin, Y.I., 1978. Decomposition of organic matter and nutrient
regeneration. In: O. Kinne (Editor), Mar. Ecol., Vol. IV. Wiley,
London, pp. 501–616.
Southward, A.J. and Southward, E.C., 1982. The role of dissolved
organic matter in the nutrition of deep-sea benthos. Am. Zool., 22:
647−659.
Stephens, M.P., Kadko, D.C., Smith, C.R. and Latasa, M., 1997.
Chlorophyll-a and pheopigments as tracers of labile organic carbon
at the central equatorial Pacific seafloor. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 61: 4605−4619.
Stienen, C., Beckmann, W. and Zeitzschel, B., 1988. Patterns of a
spring mass-sedimentation. Eos, 69: 1117.
Stockton, W.L. and DeLaca, T.E., 1982. Food falls in the deep
sea: occurrence, quality, and significance. Deep-Sea Res., 29A:
157−169.
Suchanek, T., Williams, S.L., Ogden, J.C., Hubbard, D.K. and
Gill, I.P., 1985. Utilization of shallow-water seagrass detritus by
Caribbean deep-sea macrofauna: 13 C evidence. Deep-Sea Res., 32:
201−214.
Suess, E., 1988. Effects of microbial activity. Nature, 333: 17−18.
Sugimura, Y. and Suzuki, Y., 1988. A high temperature catalytic
oxidation method for the determination of non-volatile dissolved
organic carbon in seawater by direct injection of a liquid sample.
Mar. Chem., 24: 105−131.
Sumida, P.Y.G., Tyler, P.A., Lampitt, R.S. and Gage, J.D., 2000.
Reproduction, dispersal and settlement of the bathyal ophiuroid
Ophiocten gracilis in the NE Atlantic. Mar. Biol., 137: 623−630.
Svavarsson, J., Gudmundsson, G. and Brattegard, T., 1993. Feeding
by asellote isopods (Crustacea) on foraminifers (Protozoa) in the
deep sea. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 1225−1239.
Tabor, P.S., Deming, J.W., Ohwada, K. and Colwell, R.R., 1982.
Activity and growth of microbial populations in pressurized deepsea sediment and animal gut samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,
44: 413−422.
Taghon, G.L. and Greene, R.R., 1992. Utilization of deposited
and suspended particulate matter by benthic “interface” feeders.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1370−1391.
Taghon, G.L., Nowell, A.R.M. and Jumars, P.A., 1980. Induction
of suspension feeding in spionid polychaetes by high particulate
fluxes. Science, 210: 562−564.
Tamburri, M.N. and Barry, J.P., 1999. Adaptations for scavenging by
three diverse bathyal species, Eptatretus stouti, Neptunea amianta
and Orchomene obtusus. Deep-Sea Res. I, 46: 2079−2093.
Tanone, E. and Handa, N., 1980. Some characteristic features of
the vertical profile of organic matter in recent sediments from the
Bering Sea. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Jpn., 36: 1−14.
Tengberg, A., de Bov´ ee, F., Hall, P., Berelson, W.M., Chadwick, D.,
Cicer, G., Crassous, P., Devol, A., Emerson, S., Gage, J.D., Glud,
R.N., Graziottini, F., Gundersen, J.K., Hammond, D.E., Helder, W.,
Hingal, K., Holby, O., Jahnke, R.A., Khripounoff, A., Lieberman,
S., Nuppenau, V., Smallman, D., Wehrli, B. and De Wilde, P.A.W.J.,
1995. Benthic chamber and profiling landers in oceanography –
a review of design, technical solutions and functioning. Prog.
Oceanogr., 35: 253−294.
Thiel, H., 1975. The size structure of the deep-sea benthos. Int. Rev.
Gesamten Hydrobiol., 60: 575−606.
Thiel, H., Pfannkuche, O., Schriever, G., Lochte, K., Gooday, A.J.,
Hemleben, Ch., Mantoura, R.F.C., Turley, C.M., Patching, J.W.
and Riemann, F., 1988/89. Phytodetritus on the deep-sea floor in a
central oceanic region of the Northeast Atlantic. Biol. Oceanogr.,
6: 203−239.
Thistle, D., Yingst, J.Y. and Fauchald, D., 1985. A deep-sea benthic
community exposed to strong near-bottom currents on the Scotian
Rise (Western Atlantic). Mar. Geol., 66: 91−112.
Thistle, D., Ertman, S.C. and Fauchald, K., 1991. The fauna of the
HEBBLE site: patterns in standing stock and sediment-dynamic
effects. Mar. Geol., 99: 413−422.
Thomsen, L., 1999. Processes in the benthic boundary layer at
continental margins and their implication for the benthic carbon
cycle. J. Sea Res., 41: 73−86.
Thomsen, L. and Gust, G., 2000. Sediment stability and
characteristics of resuspended aggregates at continental margins.
Deep-Sea Res. I, 47: 1881−1897.
Thomsen, L. and McCave, I.N., 2000. Aggregation processes in
the benthic boundary layer at the Celtic Sea Continental Margin.
Deep-Sea Res. I, 47: 1389−1404.
Thomsen, L. and Ritzrau, W., 1996. Aggregate studies in the benthic
boundary layer at a continental margin. J. Sea Res., 36: 143−146.
Thomsen, L. and van Weering, Tj.C.E., 1998. Spatial and temporal
variability of particulate matter in the benthic boundary layer at
the north east Atlantic continental margin (Goban Spur). Prog.
Oceanogr., 42: 61−76.
Thomsen, L., Graf, G., Martens, V. and Steen, E., 1994. An instrument
for sampling water from the benthic boundary. Continental Shelf
Res., 14: 871−882.
Thomsen, L., Graf, G., von Juterzenka, K. and Witte, U., 1995. An
in situ experiment to investigate the depletion of seston above an
interface feeder field on the continental margin of the western
Barents Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 123: 295−300.
Thomson, C.W., 1880. General introduction to the zoological series
of reports. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS
Challenger Zool., 1: 1−50.
Thorpe, S.A. and White, M., 1988. A deep intermediate nepheloid
layer. Deep-Sea Res., 35A: 1665−1671.
Thorpe, S.A., Hall, P. and White, M., 1990. The variability of mixing
at the continental slope. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 331:
183−194.
Thorsen, M.S., 1998. Microbial activity, oxygen status and
fermentation in the gut of the irregular sea urchin Echinocardium
cordatum (Spatangoida: Echinodermata). Mar. Biol., 132:
423−433.
Thorsen, M.S., 1999. Abundance and biomass of the gut-living
microorganisms (bacteria, protozoa and fungi) in the irregular sea
urchin Echinocardium cordatum (Spatangoida: Echinodermata).
Mar. Biol., 133: 353−360.
Thunell, R.C. and Honjo, S., 1987. Seasonal and interannual changes
in planktonic foraminiferal production in the North Pacific. Nature,
328: 335−337.
Thunell, R.C. and Pilskaln, C.H., 1994. Temporal variability in
sediment fluxes in the San Pedro Basin, Southern California Bight.
Continental Shelf Res., 14: 333−352.