FOOD INPUTS, UTILIZATION, CARBON FLOW AND ENERGETICS
377
Gal´ eron, J., Guidi-Guilvard, L. and Mahaut, M.-L., 1993. The
benthic ecosystem in the three EUMELI sites in the northeast
tropical Atlantic: general perspectives and initial results on
biological abundance and activities. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., 69:
21−33.
Silver, M.W., Coale, S.L., Pilskaln, C.H. and Steinberg, D.R., 1998.
Giant aggregates: importance as microbial centers and agents of
material flux in the mesopelagic zone. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43:
498−507.
Simoneit, B.R.T., Grimalt, J.O., Fischer, K. and Dymond, J., 1986.
Upward and downward flux of particulate organic organic material
in abyssal waters of the Pacific-Ocean. Naturwissenschaften, 73:
322−325.
Smallwood, B.J., Wolff, G.A., Bett, B.J., Smith, C.R.,
Hoover, D.J., Gage, J.D. and Patience, A., 1999. Megafauna
can control the quality of organic matter in marine sediments.
Naturwissenschaften, 86: 320−324.
Smetacek, V.S., 1985. The role of sinking in diatom life-history
cycles: ecological, evolutionary and geological significance. Mar.
Biol., 84: 239−251.
Smith, A., Matthiopoulos, J. and Priede, I.G., 1997. Areal coverage of
the ocean floor by the deep-sea elasipod holothurian Oneirophanta
mutabilis: estimates using systematic, random and directional
search strategy conditions. Deep-Sea Res. I, 44: 477−486.
Smith, C.R., 1985. Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal and
flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea
Res., 32A: 417−442.
Smith, C.R., 1986. Nekton falls, low intensity disturbance and
community structure of infaunal benthos in the deep sea. J. Mar.
Res., 44: 567−600.
Smith, C.R., 1992. Factors controlling bioturbation in deep-sea
sediments and their relation to models of carbon diagenesis. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 375–393.
Smith, C.R., 1994. Tempo and mode in deep-sea benthic ecology:
punctuated equilibrium revisited. Palaios, 9: 3−13.
Smith, C.R. and Hamilton, S.C., 1983. Epibenthic megafauna of
a bathyal basin off southern California: patterns of abundance,
biomass, and dispersion. Deep-Sea Res., 30A: 907−928.
Smith, C.R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A. and Deming,
J.W., 1989. Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341: 27−28.
Smith, C.R., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J. and Magaard, L., 1993. Agedependent mixing of deep-sea sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 57: 1473−1488.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Smith, C.R., Maybaum, H.L., Baco, A.L., Pope, R.H., Carpenter,
S.D., Yager, P.L., Macko, S.A. and Deming, J.W., 1998. Sediment
community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep Northeast
Pacific: macrofaunal, microbial, and bioturbation effects. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 45: 335−364.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1978. Benthic community respiration in the N.W.
Atlantic Ocean: in situ measurements from 40 to 5200 m. Mar.
Biol., 47: 337−347.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1987. Food energy supply and demand: a discrepancy
between particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community
oxygen consumption in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 32:
201−220.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1989. Short time-series measurements of particulate
organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen consumption
in the North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res., 36: 1111−1119.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1992. Benthic boundary layer community and carbon
cycling at abyssal depths in the central North Pacific. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 37: 1034−1056.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Baldwin, R.J., 1984a. Vertical distribution of the
necrophagous amphipod, Eurythenes gryllus, in the North Pacific:
spatial and temporal variation. Deep-Sea Res., 31A: 1179−1196.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Baldwin, R.J., 1984b. Seasonal fluctuations
in deep-sea sediment oxygen consumption: central and eastern
Pacific. Nature, 307: 624−626.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Druffel, E.R.M., 1998. Long time-series
monitoring of an abyssal site in the NE Pacific: an introduction.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 569−572.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Kaufmann, R.S., 1999. Long-term discrepancy
between food supply and demand in the deep eastern North Pacific.
Science, 284: 1174−1177.
Smith Jr., K.L. and White, G.A., 1982. Ecological energetic studies
in the deep-sea benthic boundary layer: in situ respiration studies.
In: W.G. Enst and J.G. Morin (Editors), The Enviroment of the
Deep Sea. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 279–300.
Smith Jr., K.L., Carlucci, A.F., Jahnke, R.A. and Craven, D.B., 1987.
Organic carbon mineralisation in the Santa Catalina Basin: benthic
boundary layer metabolism. Deep-Sea Res., 34A: 185−211.
Smith Jr., K.L., Williams, P.M. and Druffel, E.R.M., 1989. Upward
flux of particulate organic matter in the deep North Pacific. Nature,
337: 724−726.
Smith Jr., K.L., Baldwin, R.J. and Williams, P.M., 1992. Reconciling
particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen
consumption in the deep North Pacific. Nature, 359: 313−316.
Smith Jr., K.L., Kaufmann, R.S. and Wakefield, W.W., 1993. Mobile
megafaunal activity monitored with a time-lapse camera in the
abyssal North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 2307−2324.
Smith Jr., K.L., Kaufmann, R.S. and Baldwin, R.J., 1994. Coupling of
near-bottom pelagic and benthic processes at abyssal depths in the
eastern North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 39: 1101−1118.
Smith Jr., K.L., Glatts, R.C., Baldwin, R.J., Beaulieu, S.E.,
Uhlman, A.H., Horn, R.C. and Reimers, C.E., 1997. An
autonomous, bottom-transsecting vehicle for making long timeseries measurements of sediment community oxygen consumption
to abyssal depths. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42: 1601−1612.
Smith Jr., K.L., Baldwin, R.J., Glatts, R.C., Kaufmann, R.S. and
Fisher, E.C., 1998. Detrital aggregates on the sea floor: chemical
composition and aerobic decomposition rates at a time-series
station in the abyssal NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 843−880.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1992. The role
of food patches in maintaining high deep-sea diversity: field
experiments using hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1534−1549.
Soetaert, K., Herman, P.M.J. and Middelburg, J.J., 1996. A model of
early diagenetic processes from shelf to abyssal depths. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 60: 1019−1040.
Sokolova, M.N., 1959. On the distribution of deep-water bottom
animals in relation to their feeding habits and the character of
sedimentation. Deep-Sea Res., 6: 1−4.
377
Gal´ eron, J., Guidi-Guilvard, L. and Mahaut, M.-L., 1993. The
benthic ecosystem in the three EUMELI sites in the northeast
tropical Atlantic: general perspectives and initial results on
biological abundance and activities. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., 69:
21−33.
Silver, M.W., Coale, S.L., Pilskaln, C.H. and Steinberg, D.R., 1998.
Giant aggregates: importance as microbial centers and agents of
material flux in the mesopelagic zone. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43:
498−507.
Simoneit, B.R.T., Grimalt, J.O., Fischer, K. and Dymond, J., 1986.
Upward and downward flux of particulate organic organic material
in abyssal waters of the Pacific-Ocean. Naturwissenschaften, 73:
322−325.
Smallwood, B.J., Wolff, G.A., Bett, B.J., Smith, C.R.,
Hoover, D.J., Gage, J.D. and Patience, A., 1999. Megafauna
can control the quality of organic matter in marine sediments.
Naturwissenschaften, 86: 320−324.
Smetacek, V.S., 1985. The role of sinking in diatom life-history
cycles: ecological, evolutionary and geological significance. Mar.
Biol., 84: 239−251.
Smith, A., Matthiopoulos, J. and Priede, I.G., 1997. Areal coverage of
the ocean floor by the deep-sea elasipod holothurian Oneirophanta
mutabilis: estimates using systematic, random and directional
search strategy conditions. Deep-Sea Res. I, 44: 477−486.
Smith, C.R., 1985. Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal and
flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea
Res., 32A: 417−442.
Smith, C.R., 1986. Nekton falls, low intensity disturbance and
community structure of infaunal benthos in the deep sea. J. Mar.
Res., 44: 567−600.
Smith, C.R., 1992. Factors controlling bioturbation in deep-sea
sediments and their relation to models of carbon diagenesis. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 375–393.
Smith, C.R., 1994. Tempo and mode in deep-sea benthic ecology:
punctuated equilibrium revisited. Palaios, 9: 3−13.
Smith, C.R. and Hamilton, S.C., 1983. Epibenthic megafauna of
a bathyal basin off southern California: patterns of abundance,
biomass, and dispersion. Deep-Sea Res., 30A: 907−928.
Smith, C.R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A. and Deming,
J.W., 1989. Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341: 27−28.
Smith, C.R., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J. and Magaard, L., 1993. Agedependent mixing of deep-sea sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 57: 1473−1488.
Smith, C.R., Hoover, D.J., Doan, S.E., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J.,
Dobbs, F.C. and Altabet, M.A., 1996. Phytodetritus at the abyssal
seafloor across 10º of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 43: 1309−1338.
Smith, C.R., Maybaum, H.L., Baco, A.L., Pope, R.H., Carpenter,
S.D., Yager, P.L., Macko, S.A. and Deming, J.W., 1998. Sediment
community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep Northeast
Pacific: macrofaunal, microbial, and bioturbation effects. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 45: 335−364.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1978. Benthic community respiration in the N.W.
Atlantic Ocean: in situ measurements from 40 to 5200 m. Mar.
Biol., 47: 337−347.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1987. Food energy supply and demand: a discrepancy
between particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community
oxygen consumption in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 32:
201−220.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1989. Short time-series measurements of particulate
organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen consumption
in the North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res., 36: 1111−1119.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1992. Benthic boundary layer community and carbon
cycling at abyssal depths in the central North Pacific. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 37: 1034−1056.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Baldwin, R.J., 1984a. Vertical distribution of the
necrophagous amphipod, Eurythenes gryllus, in the North Pacific:
spatial and temporal variation. Deep-Sea Res., 31A: 1179−1196.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Baldwin, R.J., 1984b. Seasonal fluctuations
in deep-sea sediment oxygen consumption: central and eastern
Pacific. Nature, 307: 624−626.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Druffel, E.R.M., 1998. Long time-series
monitoring of an abyssal site in the NE Pacific: an introduction.
Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 569−572.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Kaufmann, R.S., 1999. Long-term discrepancy
between food supply and demand in the deep eastern North Pacific.
Science, 284: 1174−1177.
Smith Jr., K.L. and White, G.A., 1982. Ecological energetic studies
in the deep-sea benthic boundary layer: in situ respiration studies.
In: W.G. Enst and J.G. Morin (Editors), The Enviroment of the
Deep Sea. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 279–300.
Smith Jr., K.L., Carlucci, A.F., Jahnke, R.A. and Craven, D.B., 1987.
Organic carbon mineralisation in the Santa Catalina Basin: benthic
boundary layer metabolism. Deep-Sea Res., 34A: 185−211.
Smith Jr., K.L., Williams, P.M. and Druffel, E.R.M., 1989. Upward
flux of particulate organic matter in the deep North Pacific. Nature,
337: 724−726.
Smith Jr., K.L., Baldwin, R.J. and Williams, P.M., 1992. Reconciling
particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community oxygen
consumption in the deep North Pacific. Nature, 359: 313−316.
Smith Jr., K.L., Kaufmann, R.S. and Wakefield, W.W., 1993. Mobile
megafaunal activity monitored with a time-lapse camera in the
abyssal North Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 2307−2324.
Smith Jr., K.L., Kaufmann, R.S. and Baldwin, R.J., 1994. Coupling of
near-bottom pelagic and benthic processes at abyssal depths in the
eastern North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 39: 1101−1118.
Smith Jr., K.L., Glatts, R.C., Baldwin, R.J., Beaulieu, S.E.,
Uhlman, A.H., Horn, R.C. and Reimers, C.E., 1997. An
autonomous, bottom-transsecting vehicle for making long timeseries measurements of sediment community oxygen consumption
to abyssal depths. Limnol. Oceanogr., 42: 1601−1612.
Smith Jr., K.L., Baldwin, R.J., Glatts, R.C., Kaufmann, R.S. and
Fisher, E.C., 1998. Detrital aggregates on the sea floor: chemical
composition and aerobic decomposition rates at a time-series
station in the abyssal NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 843−880.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1992. The role
of food patches in maintaining high deep-sea diversity: field
experiments using hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1534−1549.
Soetaert, K., Herman, P.M.J. and Middelburg, J.J., 1996. A model of
early diagenetic processes from shelf to abyssal depths. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 60: 1019−1040.
Sokolova, M.N., 1959. On the distribution of deep-water bottom
animals in relation to their feeding habits and the character of
sedimentation. Deep-Sea Res., 6: 1−4.