380
John D. GAGE
Wefer, G., 1989. Particle flux in the ocean: effects of episodic
production. In: W. Berger, V. Smetacek and G. Wefer (Editors),
Productivity of the Oceans: Past and Present. Wiley, Chichester,
pp. 139–153.
Wefer, G. and Honjo, S., 1985. Seasonal particle flux in the Lofoten
basin, Norwegian Sea. Terra Cognita, 5: 90.
Wetzel, A. and Uchman, A., 1998. Deep-sea benthic food
content recorded by ichnofabrics: a conceptual model based on
observations from Paleogene flysch, Carpathians, Poland. Palaios,
13: 533−546.
Wheatcroft, R.A., 1992. Experimental tests for particle sizedependent bioturbation in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37:
90−104.
Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A., Smith, C.R. and Nowell, A.R.M.,
1990. A mechanistic view of the particulate biodiffusion
coefficient: step lengths, rest periods and transport diections. J. Mar.
Res., 48: 177−207.
Wiebe, P.H., Madin, L.P., Harbison, G.R. and Philbin, L.M., 1979.
Diel vertical migration by Salpa aspersa and its potential for
large-scale particulate organic matter transport to the deep sea.
Mar. Biol., 53: 249−255.
Williams, P.J. le B., 1975. Biological and chemical aspects of
dissolved organic matter in sea water. In: J.P. Riley and G. Skirrow
(Editors), Chemical Oceanography, 2nd Edition. Academic Press,
London, pp. 301–363.
Wirsen, C.O. and Jannasch, H.W., 1976. Decomposition of solid
organic materials in the deep sea. Environ. Sci. Technol., 10:
330−336.
Wirsen, C.O. and Jannasch, H.W., 1983. In-situ studies on deep-sea
amphipods and their intestinal microflora. Mar. Biol., 78: 69−73.
Wirsen, C.O. and Jannasch, H.W., 1986. Microbial transformations in
deep-sea sediments: free vehicle studies. Mar. Biol., 91: 277−284.
Wishner, K.F., 1980. The biomass of the deep-sea benthopelagic
plankton. Deep-Sea Res., 27A: 203−216.
Wishner, K.F. and Gowing, M.M., 1987. In situ filtering and ingestion
rates of deep-sea benthic boundary-layer zooplankton in the Santa
Catalina Basin. Mar. Biol., 94: 357−366.
Witbaard, R., Duineveld, G.C.A., van der Weele, J.A., Berghuis,
E.M. and Reyss, J.P., 2000. The benthic response to the seasonal
deposition of phytopigments at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the
North East Atlantic. J. Sea Res., 43: 15−31.
Witte, U., Brattegard, T., Graf, G. and Springer, B., 1997. Particle
capture and deposition by deep-sea sponges from the Norwegian–
Greenland Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 154: 241−252.
Wolff, T., 1976. Utilization of seagrass in the deep sea. Aquat. Bot.,
2: 161−174.
Wolff, T., 1979. Macrofaunal utilization of plant remains in the deep
sea. Sarsia, 64: 117−136.
Wolff, T., 1980. Animals associated with seagrass in the deep sea.
In: R.C. Phillips and C.P. McRoy (Editors), Handbook of Seagrass
Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective. Garland Press, New York,
pp. 119–224.
Wunsch, C., 1968. On the propagation of internal waves up a slope.
Deep-Sea Res., 15: 251−258.
Yingst, J.Y. and Rhoads, D.C., 1980. The role of bioturbation in the
enhancement of bacterial growth rates in marine sediments. In:
K.R. Tenore and B.C. Coull (Editors), Marine Benthic Dynamics.
University of South Carolina Press, pp. 407–421.
Young, C.M. and Cameron, J.L., 1987. Laboratory and in situ flotation
rates of lecithotrophic eggs from the bathyal echinoid Phormosoma
placenta. Deep-Sea Res., 34A: 1629−1639.
Young, C.M., Tyler, P.A., Emson, R.H. and Gage, J.D., 1993.
Perception and selection of macrophyte detrital falls by the bathyal
echinoid Stylocidaris lineata. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 1475−1486.
John D. GAGE
Wefer, G., 1989. Particle flux in the ocean: effects of episodic
production. In: W. Berger, V. Smetacek and G. Wefer (Editors),
Productivity of the Oceans: Past and Present. Wiley, Chichester,
pp. 139–153.
Wefer, G. and Honjo, S., 1985. Seasonal particle flux in the Lofoten
basin, Norwegian Sea. Terra Cognita, 5: 90.
Wetzel, A. and Uchman, A., 1998. Deep-sea benthic food
content recorded by ichnofabrics: a conceptual model based on
observations from Paleogene flysch, Carpathians, Poland. Palaios,
13: 533−546.
Wheatcroft, R.A., 1992. Experimental tests for particle sizedependent bioturbation in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 37:
90−104.
Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A., Smith, C.R. and Nowell, A.R.M.,
1990. A mechanistic view of the particulate biodiffusion
coefficient: step lengths, rest periods and transport diections. J. Mar.
Res., 48: 177−207.
Wiebe, P.H., Madin, L.P., Harbison, G.R. and Philbin, L.M., 1979.
Diel vertical migration by Salpa aspersa and its potential for
large-scale particulate organic matter transport to the deep sea.
Mar. Biol., 53: 249−255.
Williams, P.J. le B., 1975. Biological and chemical aspects of
dissolved organic matter in sea water. In: J.P. Riley and G. Skirrow
(Editors), Chemical Oceanography, 2nd Edition. Academic Press,
London, pp. 301–363.
Wirsen, C.O. and Jannasch, H.W., 1976. Decomposition of solid
organic materials in the deep sea. Environ. Sci. Technol., 10:
330−336.
Wirsen, C.O. and Jannasch, H.W., 1983. In-situ studies on deep-sea
amphipods and their intestinal microflora. Mar. Biol., 78: 69−73.
Wirsen, C.O. and Jannasch, H.W., 1986. Microbial transformations in
deep-sea sediments: free vehicle studies. Mar. Biol., 91: 277−284.
Wishner, K.F., 1980. The biomass of the deep-sea benthopelagic
plankton. Deep-Sea Res., 27A: 203−216.
Wishner, K.F. and Gowing, M.M., 1987. In situ filtering and ingestion
rates of deep-sea benthic boundary-layer zooplankton in the Santa
Catalina Basin. Mar. Biol., 94: 357−366.
Witbaard, R., Duineveld, G.C.A., van der Weele, J.A., Berghuis,
E.M. and Reyss, J.P., 2000. The benthic response to the seasonal
deposition of phytopigments at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain in the
North East Atlantic. J. Sea Res., 43: 15−31.
Witte, U., Brattegard, T., Graf, G. and Springer, B., 1997. Particle
capture and deposition by deep-sea sponges from the Norwegian–
Greenland Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 154: 241−252.
Wolff, T., 1976. Utilization of seagrass in the deep sea. Aquat. Bot.,
2: 161−174.
Wolff, T., 1979. Macrofaunal utilization of plant remains in the deep
sea. Sarsia, 64: 117−136.
Wolff, T., 1980. Animals associated with seagrass in the deep sea.
In: R.C. Phillips and C.P. McRoy (Editors), Handbook of Seagrass
Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective. Garland Press, New York,
pp. 119–224.
Wunsch, C., 1968. On the propagation of internal waves up a slope.
Deep-Sea Res., 15: 251−258.
Yingst, J.Y. and Rhoads, D.C., 1980. The role of bioturbation in the
enhancement of bacterial growth rates in marine sediments. In:
K.R. Tenore and B.C. Coull (Editors), Marine Benthic Dynamics.
University of South Carolina Press, pp. 407–421.
Young, C.M. and Cameron, J.L., 1987. Laboratory and in situ flotation
rates of lecithotrophic eggs from the bathyal echinoid Phormosoma
placenta. Deep-Sea Res., 34A: 1629−1639.
Young, C.M., Tyler, P.A., Emson, R.H. and Gage, J.D., 1993.
Perception and selection of macrophyte detrital falls by the bathyal
echinoid Stylocidaris lineata. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40: 1475−1486.