374
John D. GAGE
Lundgreen, U. and Duinker, J.C., 1998. Seasonal variability of amino
acid flux and composition of particulate matter in the Northeast
Atlantic at 47ºN–20ºW. Mar. Chem., 62: 307−323.
Maddocks, R.F. and Steineck, P.L., 1987. Ostracoda from experimental wood-island habitats in the deep-sea. Micropaleontology
3: 318−355.
Mahaut, M.-L., 1990. Mod´ elisation `
a l’ ´
Etat Stable du Cycle du
Carbone dans le R´ eseau Trophique Profond de la Terrasse de
Meriadzek (Golfe de Gascogne). Doctorat de l’Universit´ e Pierre
et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 249 pp.
Mahaut, M.-L., Geistdoerfer, P. and Sibuet, M., 1990. Trophic
strategies in carnivorous fishes: their significance in energy transfer
in the deep-sea benthic ecosystem (Meriadzek Terrace, Bay of
Biscay). Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 223−237.
Mahaut, M.-L., Sibuet, M. and Shirayama, Y., 1995. Weightdependent respiration rates in deep-sea organisms. Deep-Sea Res. I,
42: 1575−1582.
Martin, J.H., Knauer, G.A., Karl, D.M. and Broenkow, W.W., 1987.
VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res.,
34: 267−285.
Martini, F.H., 1998. The ecology of hagfishes. In: J.M. Jorgensen,
J.P. Lomholt, R.E. Weber and H. Malte (Editors), The Biology of
Hagfishes. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 57–77.
Massin, C., 1982. Food and feeding mechanisms: Holothuroidea. In:
M. Jangoux and J.M. Lawrence (Editors), Echinoderm Nutrition.
Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 43–55.
Matsueda, H., Handa, N., Inoue, I. and Takano, H., 1986. Ecological
significance of salp fecal pellets collected by sediment traps in the
eastern North Pacific. Mar. Biol., 91: 421−431.
Mauchline, J., 1972. The biology of bathypelagic organisms,
especially Crustacea. Deep-Sea Res., 19: 753−780.
Mauchline, J. and Gordon, J.D.M., 1986. Foraging strategies of deepsea fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 27: 227−238.
Mauchline, J. and Gordon, J.D.M., 1991. Oceanic prey of
benthopelagic fish in the benthic boundary layer of a marginal
oceanic region. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 74: 109−115.
May, R.M., 1973. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 235 pp.
Mayer, L.M., Schick, L.L., Self, R.F.L. and Jumars, P.A.,
1997. Digestive environments of benthic macroinvertebrate guts:
enzymes, surfactants and dissolved organic matter. J. Mar. Res.,
55: 785−812.
McCann, K., Hastings, A. and Huxel, G.R., 1998. Weak trophic
interactions and the balance of nature. Nature, 395: 794−798.
McCave, I.N., 1975. Vertical flux of particles in the ocean. Deep-Sea
Res., 22: 491−502.
McCave, I.N., 1984. Size spectra and aggregation of suspended
particles in the deep ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 31A: 329−352.
McCave, I.N., 1986. Erosion, transport and deposition of fine-grained
marine sediments. In: D.A.V. Stow and D.J.W. Piper (Editors), FineGrained Sediments: Deep-Water Processes and Facies. Blackwell,
Oxford, pp. 35–82.
Menzies, R.J., 1962. On the food and feeding habits of abyssal
organisms as exemplified by the Isopoda. Int. Rev. Gesamten
Hydrobiol., 47: 339−358.
Menzies, R.J. and Rowe, G.T., 1969. The distribution and significance
of detrital turtle grass Thalassia testudinum, on the deep-sea floor
off North Carolina. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 54: 217−222.
Menzies, R.J., Zanefield, J.S. and Pratt, R.M., 1967. Transported
turtle grass as a source of enrichment of abyssal sediments off
North Carolina. Deep-Sea Res., 14: 111−112.
Merrett, N.R. and Haedrich, R.L., 1997. Deep-Sea Demersal Fish
and Fisheries. Chapman and Hall, London, 282 pp.
Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., Dow, R.L., Gundersen, K., Johnson, R.J.,
Sorensen, J., Close, A., Knauer, G.A., Lohrenz, S.E., Asper, V.A.,
Tuel, M. and Bidigare, R.R., 1994. Seasonal patterns of ocean
biogeochemistry at the United States JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic
time-series study site. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 1031−1038.
Michener, R.H. and Schell, D.M., 1994. Stable isotope ratios as tracers
in marine aquatic food webs. In: K. Lajtha and R.H. Michener
(Editors), Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Enviromental Science.
Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 138–157.
Mikkelsen, N., Erlenkeuser, H., Killingley, J.S. and Berger, W.H.,
1982. Norwegian corals: radiocarbon and stable isotopes in
Lophelia pertusa. Boreas, 11: 163−171.
Miller, R.J., Smith, C.R., DeMaster, D.J. and Fornes, W.L., 2000.
Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing rates by deep-sea
megafaunal deposit feeders: a 234 Th tracer approach. J. Mar. Res.,
58: 653−673.
Mitchell, L., Harvey, S.M., Gage, J.D. and Fallick, A.E., 1997.
Organic carbon dynamics in shelf edge sediments off the
Hebrides: a seasonal perspective. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol.,
82: 425−435.
Monniot, C. and Monniot, F., 1978. Recent work on the deep-sea
tunicates. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 16: 181−228.
Morris, R.J., Bone, Q., Head, R., Braconnot, J.C. and Nival, P., 1988.
Role of salps in the flux of organic matter to the bottom of the
Ligurian Sea. Mar. Biol., 97: 237−241.
Moseley, H.N., 1880. Deep-sea dredgings and life in the deep sea.
Nature, 21: 543–547, 569–572, 591–593.
Murray, J., 1895. General observations on the distribution of marine
organisms. Reports of the Scientific Research of the Voyage of HMS
Challenger, Summary of the Scientific Results, 2: 1431−1462.
Naganuma, T., Wada, H. and Fujioka, K., 1996. Biological community
and sediment fatty acids associated with the deep-sea whale
skeleton at the Torishima seamount. J. Geogr., 52: 1−15.
Nair, R.R., Ittekkot, V., Manganini, S.J., Ramaswamy, V., Haake, B.,
Degens, E.T., Desai, B.N. and Honjo, S., 1989. Increased particle
flux to the deep ocean related to monsoons. Nature, 338: 749−751.
New, A.L. and Pingree, R.D., 1990. Evidence for internal tidal mixing
near the shelf break in the Bay of Biscay. Deep-Sea Res., 37A:
1783−1803.
Newton, P.P., Lampitt, R.S., Jickells, T.D., King, P. and Boutle, C.,
1994. Temporal and spatial variability of biogenic particle fluxes
during the JGOFS northeast Atlantic process studies at 47ºN, 20ºW
(1989–1990). Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 1617−1642.
Ohta, S., 1984. Star-shaped feeding traces produced by echiuran
worms on the deep-sea floor of the Bay of Bengal. Deep-Sea Res.,
31A: 1415−1432.
Otto, S. and Balzer, W., 1998. Release of dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) from sediments of the N.W. European Continental Margin
(Goban Spur) and its significance for benthic carbon cycling. Prog.
Oceanogr., 42: 127−144.
Patching, J.W. and Eardly, D.F., 1997. Bacterial biomass and activity
in the deep waters of the eastern Atlantic – evidence of a barophilic
community. Deep-Sea Res. I, 44: 1655−1670.
Pawson, D.L., 1976. Some aspects of the biology of deep-sea
echinoderms. Thalassia Jugosl., 12: 287−293.
John D. GAGE
Lundgreen, U. and Duinker, J.C., 1998. Seasonal variability of amino
acid flux and composition of particulate matter in the Northeast
Atlantic at 47ºN–20ºW. Mar. Chem., 62: 307−323.
Maddocks, R.F. and Steineck, P.L., 1987. Ostracoda from experimental wood-island habitats in the deep-sea. Micropaleontology
3: 318−355.
Mahaut, M.-L., 1990. Mod´ elisation `
a l’ ´
Etat Stable du Cycle du
Carbone dans le R´ eseau Trophique Profond de la Terrasse de
Meriadzek (Golfe de Gascogne). Doctorat de l’Universit´ e Pierre
et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 249 pp.
Mahaut, M.-L., Geistdoerfer, P. and Sibuet, M., 1990. Trophic
strategies in carnivorous fishes: their significance in energy transfer
in the deep-sea benthic ecosystem (Meriadzek Terrace, Bay of
Biscay). Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 223−237.
Mahaut, M.-L., Sibuet, M. and Shirayama, Y., 1995. Weightdependent respiration rates in deep-sea organisms. Deep-Sea Res. I,
42: 1575−1582.
Martin, J.H., Knauer, G.A., Karl, D.M. and Broenkow, W.W., 1987.
VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res.,
34: 267−285.
Martini, F.H., 1998. The ecology of hagfishes. In: J.M. Jorgensen,
J.P. Lomholt, R.E. Weber and H. Malte (Editors), The Biology of
Hagfishes. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 57–77.
Massin, C., 1982. Food and feeding mechanisms: Holothuroidea. In:
M. Jangoux and J.M. Lawrence (Editors), Echinoderm Nutrition.
Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 43–55.
Matsueda, H., Handa, N., Inoue, I. and Takano, H., 1986. Ecological
significance of salp fecal pellets collected by sediment traps in the
eastern North Pacific. Mar. Biol., 91: 421−431.
Mauchline, J., 1972. The biology of bathypelagic organisms,
especially Crustacea. Deep-Sea Res., 19: 753−780.
Mauchline, J. and Gordon, J.D.M., 1986. Foraging strategies of deepsea fish. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 27: 227−238.
Mauchline, J. and Gordon, J.D.M., 1991. Oceanic prey of
benthopelagic fish in the benthic boundary layer of a marginal
oceanic region. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 74: 109−115.
May, R.M., 1973. Stability and Complexity in Model Ecosystems.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 235 pp.
Mayer, L.M., Schick, L.L., Self, R.F.L. and Jumars, P.A.,
1997. Digestive environments of benthic macroinvertebrate guts:
enzymes, surfactants and dissolved organic matter. J. Mar. Res.,
55: 785−812.
McCann, K., Hastings, A. and Huxel, G.R., 1998. Weak trophic
interactions and the balance of nature. Nature, 395: 794−798.
McCave, I.N., 1975. Vertical flux of particles in the ocean. Deep-Sea
Res., 22: 491−502.
McCave, I.N., 1984. Size spectra and aggregation of suspended
particles in the deep ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 31A: 329−352.
McCave, I.N., 1986. Erosion, transport and deposition of fine-grained
marine sediments. In: D.A.V. Stow and D.J.W. Piper (Editors), FineGrained Sediments: Deep-Water Processes and Facies. Blackwell,
Oxford, pp. 35–82.
Menzies, R.J., 1962. On the food and feeding habits of abyssal
organisms as exemplified by the Isopoda. Int. Rev. Gesamten
Hydrobiol., 47: 339−358.
Menzies, R.J. and Rowe, G.T., 1969. The distribution and significance
of detrital turtle grass Thalassia testudinum, on the deep-sea floor
off North Carolina. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 54: 217−222.
Menzies, R.J., Zanefield, J.S. and Pratt, R.M., 1967. Transported
turtle grass as a source of enrichment of abyssal sediments off
North Carolina. Deep-Sea Res., 14: 111−112.
Merrett, N.R. and Haedrich, R.L., 1997. Deep-Sea Demersal Fish
and Fisheries. Chapman and Hall, London, 282 pp.
Michaels, A.F., Knap, A.H., Dow, R.L., Gundersen, K., Johnson, R.J.,
Sorensen, J., Close, A., Knauer, G.A., Lohrenz, S.E., Asper, V.A.,
Tuel, M. and Bidigare, R.R., 1994. Seasonal patterns of ocean
biogeochemistry at the United States JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic
time-series study site. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 1031−1038.
Michener, R.H. and Schell, D.M., 1994. Stable isotope ratios as tracers
in marine aquatic food webs. In: K. Lajtha and R.H. Michener
(Editors), Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Enviromental Science.
Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 138–157.
Mikkelsen, N., Erlenkeuser, H., Killingley, J.S. and Berger, W.H.,
1982. Norwegian corals: radiocarbon and stable isotopes in
Lophelia pertusa. Boreas, 11: 163−171.
Miller, R.J., Smith, C.R., DeMaster, D.J. and Fornes, W.L., 2000.
Feeding selectivity and rapid particle processing rates by deep-sea
megafaunal deposit feeders: a 234 Th tracer approach. J. Mar. Res.,
58: 653−673.
Mitchell, L., Harvey, S.M., Gage, J.D. and Fallick, A.E., 1997.
Organic carbon dynamics in shelf edge sediments off the
Hebrides: a seasonal perspective. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol.,
82: 425−435.
Monniot, C. and Monniot, F., 1978. Recent work on the deep-sea
tunicates. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 16: 181−228.
Morris, R.J., Bone, Q., Head, R., Braconnot, J.C. and Nival, P., 1988.
Role of salps in the flux of organic matter to the bottom of the
Ligurian Sea. Mar. Biol., 97: 237−241.
Moseley, H.N., 1880. Deep-sea dredgings and life in the deep sea.
Nature, 21: 543–547, 569–572, 591–593.
Murray, J., 1895. General observations on the distribution of marine
organisms. Reports of the Scientific Research of the Voyage of HMS
Challenger, Summary of the Scientific Results, 2: 1431−1462.
Naganuma, T., Wada, H. and Fujioka, K., 1996. Biological community
and sediment fatty acids associated with the deep-sea whale
skeleton at the Torishima seamount. J. Geogr., 52: 1−15.
Nair, R.R., Ittekkot, V., Manganini, S.J., Ramaswamy, V., Haake, B.,
Degens, E.T., Desai, B.N. and Honjo, S., 1989. Increased particle
flux to the deep ocean related to monsoons. Nature, 338: 749−751.
New, A.L. and Pingree, R.D., 1990. Evidence for internal tidal mixing
near the shelf break in the Bay of Biscay. Deep-Sea Res., 37A:
1783−1803.
Newton, P.P., Lampitt, R.S., Jickells, T.D., King, P. and Boutle, C.,
1994. Temporal and spatial variability of biogenic particle fluxes
during the JGOFS northeast Atlantic process studies at 47ºN, 20ºW
(1989–1990). Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 1617−1642.
Ohta, S., 1984. Star-shaped feeding traces produced by echiuran
worms on the deep-sea floor of the Bay of Bengal. Deep-Sea Res.,
31A: 1415−1432.
Otto, S. and Balzer, W., 1998. Release of dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) from sediments of the N.W. European Continental Margin
(Goban Spur) and its significance for benthic carbon cycling. Prog.
Oceanogr., 42: 127−144.
Patching, J.W. and Eardly, D.F., 1997. Bacterial biomass and activity
in the deep waters of the eastern Atlantic – evidence of a barophilic
community. Deep-Sea Res. I, 44: 1655−1670.
Pawson, D.L., 1976. Some aspects of the biology of deep-sea
echinoderms. Thalassia Jugosl., 12: 287−293.