FOOD INPUTS, UTILIZATION, CARBON FLOW AND ENERGETICS
371
the deep-sea: some observations and comments. Prog. Oceanogr.,
50: 407−421.
Glud, R.N., Gundersen, J.K., Barker Jorgensen, B., Revsbech, N.P.
and Schulz, H.D., 1994. Diffusive and total oxygen uptake of
deep-sea sediments in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean: in situ
and laboratory measurements. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 1767−1788.
Goldstein, S.T. and Corliss, B.H., 1994. Deposit feeding in selected
deep-sea and shallow-water benthic foraminifera. Deep-Sea Res. I,
41: 229−241.
Gomes, M.C. and Haedrich, R.L., 1992. Predicting community
dynamics from food web structure. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente
(Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle.
Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 277–293.
Gooday, A.J., 1988. A response by benthic Foraminifera to the
deposition of phytodetritus in the deep sea. Nature, 332: 70−73.
Gooday, A.J., 1993. Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal species which
exploit phytodetritus: characteristic features and controls on
distribution. Mar. Micropaleontol., 22: 187−205.
Gooday, A.J. and Lambshead, P.J.D., 1989. Influence of seasonally
deposited phytodetritus on benthic foraminiferal populations in the
Northeast Atlantic – the species response. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
58: 53−67.
Gooday, A.J. and Turley, C.M., 1990. Responses by benthic organisms
to inputs of organic material to the ocean floor: a review. Philos.
Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 331: 119−138.
Gooday, A.J., Levin, L.A., Linke, P. and Heeger, T., 1992. The role
of benthic foraminifera in deep-sea food webs and carbon cycling.
In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains
and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 63–91.
Gooday, A.J., Bett, B.J. and Pratt, D.N., 1993. Direct observation of
episodic growth in an abyssal xenophyophore (Protista). Deep-Sea
Res. I, 40: 2131−2143.
Gooday, A.J., Pfannkuche, O. and Lambshead, P.J.D., 1996. An
apparent lack of response by metazoan meiofauna to phytodetritus
deposition in the bathyal north-eastern Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc.
UK, 76: 297−310.
Goodfriend, G.A., Kashgarian, M. and Harasewych, M.G., 1995.
Use of aspartic acid racemization and post-bomb 14 C to
reconstruct growth rate and longevity of the deep-water slit shell
Entemnotrochus adansonianus. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59:
1125−1129.
Gowing, M.M. and Silver, M.W., 1983. Origins and microenvironments of bacteria mediating fecal pellet decomposition in the sea.
Mar. Biol., 73: 7−16.
Gowing, M.M. and Wishner, K.F., 1986. Trophic relationships of
deep-sea calanoid copepods from the benthic boundary layer of the
Santa Catalina Basin, California. Deep-Sea Res., 33A: 939−961.
Graf, G., 1989. Benthic–pelagic coupling in a deep-sea benthic
community. Nature, 341: 437−439.
Graf, G., Schultz, R., Peinert, R. and Meyer-Reil, L.-A., 1983. Benthic
response to sedimentation events during autumn to spring at a
shallow-water station in the western Kiel Bight. Mar. Biol., 77:
235−246.
Grassle, J.F., 1977. Slow recolonisation of the deep-sea bed. Nature,
265: 618−619.
Grassle, J.F. and Morse-Porteous, L.S., 1987. Macrofaunal
colonization of disturbed deep-sea environments and the
structure of deep-sea benthic communities. Deep-Sea Res., 34A:
1911−1950.
Grassle, J.F., Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R., Rowe, G.T. and
McLellan, T., 1975. Pattern and zonation: a study of the bathyal
megafauna using the research submersible Alvin. Deep-Sea Res.,
22: 457−481.
Griggs, G.B., Carey Jr., A.G. and Kulm, L.D., 1969. Deep-sea
sedimentation and sediment-fauna interaction in Cascadia Channel
and on Cascadia Abyssal Plain. Deep-Sea Res., 16: 157−170.
Grimalt, J.O., Simoneit, B.R.T., G´ omez-Belinch´ on, J.I., Fischer, K.
and Dymond, J., 1990. Ascending and descending fluxes of lipid
compounds in north Atlantic and North Pacific abyssal waters.
Nature, 345: 147−150.
Gust, G., Michaels, A.F., Johnson, R., Deuser, W.G. and Bowles, W.,
1994. Mooring line motions and sediment trap hydromechanics: in
situ intercomparison of three common deployment designs. DeepSea Res. I, 41: 831−857.
Haake, B., Ittekkot, V., Rixen, T., Ramaswamy, V., Nair, R.R. and
Curry, W.B., 1993. Seasonality and interannual variability of
particle fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40:
1323−1344.
Haedrich, R.L. and Rowe, G.T., 1977. Megafaunal biomass in the
deep-sea. Nature, 269: 141−142.
Hall, P.O.J., Anderson, L.G., Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M., Sundby,
B. and Westerlund, S.F.G., 1989. Oxygen uptake kinetics in the
benthic boundary layer. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34: 734−746.
Hall, S.J. and Rafaelli, D., 1991. Food web patterns: lessons from a
species-rich web. J. Anim. Ecol., 60: 823−842.
Hamer, W.M. and Robison, B.H., 1992. In situ observations of
giant appendicularians in Monterey Bay. Deep-Sea Res. I, 39:
1299−1313.
Hargrave, B.T., 1985. Feeding rates of abyssal scavenging amphipods
(Eurythenes gryllus) determined in situ by time-lapse photography.
Deep-Sea Res., 32A: 443−450.
Hargrave, B.T., Prouse, N.J., Phillips, G.A. and Cranford, P.J.,
1994. Meal size and sustenance time in the deep-sea amphipod
Eurythenes gryllus collected from the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 41: 1489−1508.
Harrold, C., Light, K. and Lisin, S.E., 1998. Organic enrichment
of submarine-canyon and continental-shelf benthic communities
by macroalgal drift imported from nearshore kelp forests. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 43: 669−678.
Hecker, B., 1990. Photographic evidence for the rapid down flux of
particles to the seafloor and their transport down the continental
slope. Deep-Sea Res., 37A: 1773−1782.
Hedges, J.I., Keil, R.G. and Benner, R., 1997. What happens
to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean? Org. Geochem., 27:
195−212.
Heezen, B.C. and Hollister, C.D., 1971. The Face of the Deep. Oxford
University Press, New York, 659 pp.
Heezen, B.C., Ewing, M. and Menzies, R.J., 1955. The influence
of submarine turbidity currents on abyssal productivity. Oikos, 6:
170−182.
Heggie, D.T., Marais, C., Hudson, A., Dymond, J., Beach, R. and
Cullen, J., 1987. Organic carbon oxidation and preservation in
NW Atlantic continental margin sediments. In: P.P.E. Weaver and J.
Thomson (Editors), Geology and Geochemistry of Abyssal Plains,
Vol. 31. Geological Society of London, pp. 215–236.
Heip, C., Duineveld, G.C.A., Flach, E., Graf, G., Helder, W., Herman, P.M.J., Lavaleye, M.S.S., Middelburg, J.J., Pfannkuche, O.,
Soetaert, K., Soltwedel, T., de Stigter, H., Thomsen, L.,
371
the deep-sea: some observations and comments. Prog. Oceanogr.,
50: 407−421.
Glud, R.N., Gundersen, J.K., Barker Jorgensen, B., Revsbech, N.P.
and Schulz, H.D., 1994. Diffusive and total oxygen uptake of
deep-sea sediments in the eastern South Atlantic Ocean: in situ
and laboratory measurements. Deep-Sea Res. I, 41: 1767−1788.
Goldstein, S.T. and Corliss, B.H., 1994. Deposit feeding in selected
deep-sea and shallow-water benthic foraminifera. Deep-Sea Res. I,
41: 229−241.
Gomes, M.C. and Haedrich, R.L., 1992. Predicting community
dynamics from food web structure. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente
(Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle.
Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 277–293.
Gooday, A.J., 1988. A response by benthic Foraminifera to the
deposition of phytodetritus in the deep sea. Nature, 332: 70−73.
Gooday, A.J., 1993. Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal species which
exploit phytodetritus: characteristic features and controls on
distribution. Mar. Micropaleontol., 22: 187−205.
Gooday, A.J. and Lambshead, P.J.D., 1989. Influence of seasonally
deposited phytodetritus on benthic foraminiferal populations in the
Northeast Atlantic – the species response. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
58: 53−67.
Gooday, A.J. and Turley, C.M., 1990. Responses by benthic organisms
to inputs of organic material to the ocean floor: a review. Philos.
Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 331: 119−138.
Gooday, A.J., Levin, L.A., Linke, P. and Heeger, T., 1992. The role
of benthic foraminifera in deep-sea food webs and carbon cycling.
In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains
and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 63–91.
Gooday, A.J., Bett, B.J. and Pratt, D.N., 1993. Direct observation of
episodic growth in an abyssal xenophyophore (Protista). Deep-Sea
Res. I, 40: 2131−2143.
Gooday, A.J., Pfannkuche, O. and Lambshead, P.J.D., 1996. An
apparent lack of response by metazoan meiofauna to phytodetritus
deposition in the bathyal north-eastern Atlantic. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc.
UK, 76: 297−310.
Goodfriend, G.A., Kashgarian, M. and Harasewych, M.G., 1995.
Use of aspartic acid racemization and post-bomb 14 C to
reconstruct growth rate and longevity of the deep-water slit shell
Entemnotrochus adansonianus. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59:
1125−1129.
Gowing, M.M. and Silver, M.W., 1983. Origins and microenvironments of bacteria mediating fecal pellet decomposition in the sea.
Mar. Biol., 73: 7−16.
Gowing, M.M. and Wishner, K.F., 1986. Trophic relationships of
deep-sea calanoid copepods from the benthic boundary layer of the
Santa Catalina Basin, California. Deep-Sea Res., 33A: 939−961.
Graf, G., 1989. Benthic–pelagic coupling in a deep-sea benthic
community. Nature, 341: 437−439.
Graf, G., Schultz, R., Peinert, R. and Meyer-Reil, L.-A., 1983. Benthic
response to sedimentation events during autumn to spring at a
shallow-water station in the western Kiel Bight. Mar. Biol., 77:
235−246.
Grassle, J.F., 1977. Slow recolonisation of the deep-sea bed. Nature,
265: 618−619.
Grassle, J.F. and Morse-Porteous, L.S., 1987. Macrofaunal
colonization of disturbed deep-sea environments and the
structure of deep-sea benthic communities. Deep-Sea Res., 34A:
1911−1950.
Grassle, J.F., Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R., Rowe, G.T. and
McLellan, T., 1975. Pattern and zonation: a study of the bathyal
megafauna using the research submersible Alvin. Deep-Sea Res.,
22: 457−481.
Griggs, G.B., Carey Jr., A.G. and Kulm, L.D., 1969. Deep-sea
sedimentation and sediment-fauna interaction in Cascadia Channel
and on Cascadia Abyssal Plain. Deep-Sea Res., 16: 157−170.
Grimalt, J.O., Simoneit, B.R.T., G´ omez-Belinch´ on, J.I., Fischer, K.
and Dymond, J., 1990. Ascending and descending fluxes of lipid
compounds in north Atlantic and North Pacific abyssal waters.
Nature, 345: 147−150.
Gust, G., Michaels, A.F., Johnson, R., Deuser, W.G. and Bowles, W.,
1994. Mooring line motions and sediment trap hydromechanics: in
situ intercomparison of three common deployment designs. DeepSea Res. I, 41: 831−857.
Haake, B., Ittekkot, V., Rixen, T., Ramaswamy, V., Nair, R.R. and
Curry, W.B., 1993. Seasonality and interannual variability of
particle fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Res. I, 40:
1323−1344.
Haedrich, R.L. and Rowe, G.T., 1977. Megafaunal biomass in the
deep-sea. Nature, 269: 141−142.
Hall, P.O.J., Anderson, L.G., Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M., Sundby,
B. and Westerlund, S.F.G., 1989. Oxygen uptake kinetics in the
benthic boundary layer. Limnol. Oceanogr., 34: 734−746.
Hall, S.J. and Rafaelli, D., 1991. Food web patterns: lessons from a
species-rich web. J. Anim. Ecol., 60: 823−842.
Hamer, W.M. and Robison, B.H., 1992. In situ observations of
giant appendicularians in Monterey Bay. Deep-Sea Res. I, 39:
1299−1313.
Hargrave, B.T., 1985. Feeding rates of abyssal scavenging amphipods
(Eurythenes gryllus) determined in situ by time-lapse photography.
Deep-Sea Res., 32A: 443−450.
Hargrave, B.T., Prouse, N.J., Phillips, G.A. and Cranford, P.J.,
1994. Meal size and sustenance time in the deep-sea amphipod
Eurythenes gryllus collected from the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 41: 1489−1508.
Harrold, C., Light, K. and Lisin, S.E., 1998. Organic enrichment
of submarine-canyon and continental-shelf benthic communities
by macroalgal drift imported from nearshore kelp forests. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 43: 669−678.
Hecker, B., 1990. Photographic evidence for the rapid down flux of
particles to the seafloor and their transport down the continental
slope. Deep-Sea Res., 37A: 1773−1782.
Hedges, J.I., Keil, R.G. and Benner, R., 1997. What happens
to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean? Org. Geochem., 27:
195−212.
Heezen, B.C. and Hollister, C.D., 1971. The Face of the Deep. Oxford
University Press, New York, 659 pp.
Heezen, B.C., Ewing, M. and Menzies, R.J., 1955. The influence
of submarine turbidity currents on abyssal productivity. Oikos, 6:
170−182.
Heggie, D.T., Marais, C., Hudson, A., Dymond, J., Beach, R. and
Cullen, J., 1987. Organic carbon oxidation and preservation in
NW Atlantic continental margin sediments. In: P.P.E. Weaver and J.
Thomson (Editors), Geology and Geochemistry of Abyssal Plains,
Vol. 31. Geological Society of London, pp. 215–236.
Heip, C., Duineveld, G.C.A., Flach, E., Graf, G., Helder, W., Herman, P.M.J., Lavaleye, M.S.S., Middelburg, J.J., Pfannkuche, O.,
Soetaert, K., Soltwedel, T., de Stigter, H., Thomsen, L.,