370
John D. GAGE
continental slope west of the Porcupine Bank. Deep-Sea Res.,
33A: 791−828.
Diercks, A.-R. and Asper, V.L., 1997. In situ settling speeds of marine
snow aggregates below the mixed layer: Black Sea and Gulf of
Mexico. Deep-Sea Res., 44: 385−398.
Drazen, J.C., Baldwin, R.J. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Sediment
community response to a temporally varying food supply at an
abyssal station in the NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 893−913.
Druffel, E.R.M., King, L.L., Belastock, R.A. and Buesseler, K.O.,
1990. Growth of a deep-sea coral using 210 Pb and other isotopes.
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54: 1493−1500.
Duineveld, G.C.A., Lavaleye, M.S.S., Berghuis, E.M., De Wilde,
P.A.W.J., van der Weele, J.A., Kok, A., Batten, S.D. and de Leeuw,
J.W., 1997. Patterns of benthic fauna from benthic respiration on
the Celtic Continental margin in relation to the distribution of
phytodetritus. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 82: 395−424.
Eldridge, P.M. and Jackson, G.A., 1992. Benthic food web flows in
the Santa Monica Basin estimated using inverse methodology. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 255–276.
Eldridge, P.M. and Jackson, G.A., 1993. Benthic trophodynamics in
California coastal basin and continental slope communities using
inverse analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 99: 115−135.
Fenchel, T.M., 1978. The ecology of micro- and meiobenthos. Annu.
Rev. Ecol. Syst., 9: 99−121.
Fisher, G., Neuer, S., Wefer, G. and Krause, G., 1996. Shortterm sedimentation pulses recorded with a fluoresence sensor
and sediment traps at 900 m depth in the Canary Basin. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 41: 1354−1359.
Flach, E. and Heip, C., 1996. Seasonal variations in faunal distribution
and activity across the continental slope of the Goban Spur area
(NE Atlantic). J. Sea Res., 36: 203−215.
Flach, E. and Thomsen, L., 1998. Do physical and chemical factors
structure the macrobenthic community at a continental slope in
the NE Atlantic? Hydrobiologia, 376: 265−285.
Flach, E., Lavaleye, M.S.S., de Stigter, H. and Thomsen, L., 1998.
Feeding types of benthic community and particle transport across
the slope of the N.W. European continental margin (Goban Spur).
Prog. Oceanogr., 42: 209−231.
Fong, W. and Mann, K.H., 1980. Role of gut flora in the transfer
of amino acids through a marine food chain. Can. J. Fish. Aquat.
Sci., 37: 88−96.
Fournier, R.O., 1972. The transport of organic carbon to organisms
living in the deep oceans. Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh, 73B:
203−211.
Fowler, S.W. and Knauer, G.A., 1986. Role of large particles in the
transport of elements and organic compounds through the oceanic
water column. Prog. Oceanogr., 16: 147−194.
Frederiksen, R., Jensen, A. and Westerberg, H., 1992. The distribution
of the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa around the Faroe Islands
and the relation to internal mixing. Sarsia, 77: 157−171.
Gage, J.D., 1979. Macrobenthic community structure in the Rockall
Trough. Ambio Spec. Rep., 6: 43−46.
Gage, J.D., 1987. Growth of the deep-sea irregular sea urchins
Echinosogra phiale and Hemiaster expergitus in the Rockall
Trough (Northeast Atlantic Ocean). Mar. Biol., 96: 19−30.
Gage, J.D., 1990. Skeletal growth markers in the deep-sea brittle
stars Ophiura ljungmani and Ophiomusium lymani. Mar. Biol.,
104: 427−435.
Gage, J.D., 1991. Biological rates in the deep sea: a perspective from
studies on processes at the benthic boundary layer. Rev. Aquat.
Sci., 5: 49−100.
Gage, J.D., 1992. Benthic secondary production in the deep sea. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 199–216.
Gage, J.D., 1994. Recruitment ecology and age structure of deepsea invertebrates. In: C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors),
Reproduction, Larval Biology, and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea
Benthos. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 223–242.
Gage, J.D., 1995. Demographic modelling in the analysis of
population dynamics of deep-sea macrobenthos. Int. Rev. Gesamten
Hydrobiol., 80: 235−250.
Gage, J.D., 1996. Why are there so many species in deep-sea
sediments? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 200: 257−286.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1982. Growth and reproduction in the deepsea brittlestar Ophiomusium lymani Wyville Thomson. Oceanol.
Acta, 5: 73−83.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1985. Growth and recruitment of the
deep-sea urchin Echinus affinis. Mar. Biol., 90: 41−53.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1991. Deep-Sea Biology: A Natural History
of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 504 pp.
Gage, J.D., Lightfoot, R.H., Pearson, M. and Tyler, P.A., 1980. An
introduction to a sample time-series of abyssal macrobenthos:
methods and principal sources of variability. Oceanol. Acta, 3:
169−176.
Gage, J.D., Pearson, M., Clark, A.M., Paterson, G.L.J. and Tyler, P.A.,
1983. Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas.
I. Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Zool., 45: 263−308.
Gage, J.D., Lamont, P.A. and Tyler, P.A., 1995. Deep-sea
macrobenthic communities at contrasting sites off Portugal,
preliminary results: I. Introduction and diversity comparisons. Int.
Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80: 235−250.
Gardner, W.D. and Richardson, M.J., 1992. Particle export and
resuspension fluxes in the western North Atlantic. In: G.T. Rowe
and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global
Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 339–364.
Gardner, W.D. and Walsh, I.D., 1990. Distribution of macroaggregates
and fine-grained particles across a continental margin and their
potential role in fluxes. Deep-Sea Res., 37: 401−411.
Gardner, W.D., Southard, J.B. and Hollister, C.D., 1985.
Sedimentation, resuspension and chemistry of particles in the
Northwest Atlantic. Mar. Geol., 65: 199−242.
Geiger, S.R., 1963. Ophiopluteus ramosus between Iceland and
Newfoundland. Nature, 198: 908−909.
George, R.Y., 1981. Functional adaptations of deep-sea organisms.
In: F.J. Vernberg and W.B. Vernberg (Editors), Adaptations of
Deep-Sea Organisms. Academic Press, New York, pp. 280–332.
George, R.Y. and Higgins, R.P., 1979. Eutrophic hadal benthic
community in the Puerto Rico Trench. Ambio Spec. Rep., 6:
51−58.
Gilbert, D. and Garrett, C., 1989. Implications for ocean mixing
of internal waves scattering off irregular topography. J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 19: 1716−1729.
Ginger, M., Billett, D.S.M., Mackenzie, K.M., Kiriakoulakis, K.,
Neto, R.R., Boardman, K., Santos, V.L.C.S., Horsfall, I.M. and
Wolff, G.A., 2001. Organic matter assimilation by holothurians in
John D. GAGE
continental slope west of the Porcupine Bank. Deep-Sea Res.,
33A: 791−828.
Diercks, A.-R. and Asper, V.L., 1997. In situ settling speeds of marine
snow aggregates below the mixed layer: Black Sea and Gulf of
Mexico. Deep-Sea Res., 44: 385−398.
Drazen, J.C., Baldwin, R.J. and Smith Jr., K.L., 1998. Sediment
community response to a temporally varying food supply at an
abyssal station in the NE Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 893−913.
Druffel, E.R.M., King, L.L., Belastock, R.A. and Buesseler, K.O.,
1990. Growth of a deep-sea coral using 210 Pb and other isotopes.
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54: 1493−1500.
Duineveld, G.C.A., Lavaleye, M.S.S., Berghuis, E.M., De Wilde,
P.A.W.J., van der Weele, J.A., Kok, A., Batten, S.D. and de Leeuw,
J.W., 1997. Patterns of benthic fauna from benthic respiration on
the Celtic Continental margin in relation to the distribution of
phytodetritus. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 82: 395−424.
Eldridge, P.M. and Jackson, G.A., 1992. Benthic food web flows in
the Santa Monica Basin estimated using inverse methodology. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 255–276.
Eldridge, P.M. and Jackson, G.A., 1993. Benthic trophodynamics in
California coastal basin and continental slope communities using
inverse analysis. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 99: 115−135.
Fenchel, T.M., 1978. The ecology of micro- and meiobenthos. Annu.
Rev. Ecol. Syst., 9: 99−121.
Fisher, G., Neuer, S., Wefer, G. and Krause, G., 1996. Shortterm sedimentation pulses recorded with a fluoresence sensor
and sediment traps at 900 m depth in the Canary Basin. Limnol.
Oceanogr., 41: 1354−1359.
Flach, E. and Heip, C., 1996. Seasonal variations in faunal distribution
and activity across the continental slope of the Goban Spur area
(NE Atlantic). J. Sea Res., 36: 203−215.
Flach, E. and Thomsen, L., 1998. Do physical and chemical factors
structure the macrobenthic community at a continental slope in
the NE Atlantic? Hydrobiologia, 376: 265−285.
Flach, E., Lavaleye, M.S.S., de Stigter, H. and Thomsen, L., 1998.
Feeding types of benthic community and particle transport across
the slope of the N.W. European continental margin (Goban Spur).
Prog. Oceanogr., 42: 209−231.
Fong, W. and Mann, K.H., 1980. Role of gut flora in the transfer
of amino acids through a marine food chain. Can. J. Fish. Aquat.
Sci., 37: 88−96.
Fournier, R.O., 1972. The transport of organic carbon to organisms
living in the deep oceans. Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh, 73B:
203−211.
Fowler, S.W. and Knauer, G.A., 1986. Role of large particles in the
transport of elements and organic compounds through the oceanic
water column. Prog. Oceanogr., 16: 147−194.
Frederiksen, R., Jensen, A. and Westerberg, H., 1992. The distribution
of the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa around the Faroe Islands
and the relation to internal mixing. Sarsia, 77: 157−171.
Gage, J.D., 1979. Macrobenthic community structure in the Rockall
Trough. Ambio Spec. Rep., 6: 43−46.
Gage, J.D., 1987. Growth of the deep-sea irregular sea urchins
Echinosogra phiale and Hemiaster expergitus in the Rockall
Trough (Northeast Atlantic Ocean). Mar. Biol., 96: 19−30.
Gage, J.D., 1990. Skeletal growth markers in the deep-sea brittle
stars Ophiura ljungmani and Ophiomusium lymani. Mar. Biol.,
104: 427−435.
Gage, J.D., 1991. Biological rates in the deep sea: a perspective from
studies on processes at the benthic boundary layer. Rev. Aquat.
Sci., 5: 49−100.
Gage, J.D., 1992. Benthic secondary production in the deep sea. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 199–216.
Gage, J.D., 1994. Recruitment ecology and age structure of deepsea invertebrates. In: C.M. Young and K.J. Eckelbarger (Editors),
Reproduction, Larval Biology, and Recruitment of the Deep-Sea
Benthos. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 223–242.
Gage, J.D., 1995. Demographic modelling in the analysis of
population dynamics of deep-sea macrobenthos. Int. Rev. Gesamten
Hydrobiol., 80: 235−250.
Gage, J.D., 1996. Why are there so many species in deep-sea
sediments? J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 200: 257−286.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1982. Growth and reproduction in the deepsea brittlestar Ophiomusium lymani Wyville Thomson. Oceanol.
Acta, 5: 73−83.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1985. Growth and recruitment of the
deep-sea urchin Echinus affinis. Mar. Biol., 90: 41−53.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1991. Deep-Sea Biology: A Natural History
of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 504 pp.
Gage, J.D., Lightfoot, R.H., Pearson, M. and Tyler, P.A., 1980. An
introduction to a sample time-series of abyssal macrobenthos:
methods and principal sources of variability. Oceanol. Acta, 3:
169−176.
Gage, J.D., Pearson, M., Clark, A.M., Paterson, G.L.J. and Tyler, P.A.,
1983. Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas.
I. Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Zool., 45: 263−308.
Gage, J.D., Lamont, P.A. and Tyler, P.A., 1995. Deep-sea
macrobenthic communities at contrasting sites off Portugal,
preliminary results: I. Introduction and diversity comparisons. Int.
Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80: 235−250.
Gardner, W.D. and Richardson, M.J., 1992. Particle export and
resuspension fluxes in the western North Atlantic. In: G.T. Rowe
and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and the Global
Carbon Cycle. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 339–364.
Gardner, W.D. and Walsh, I.D., 1990. Distribution of macroaggregates
and fine-grained particles across a continental margin and their
potential role in fluxes. Deep-Sea Res., 37: 401−411.
Gardner, W.D., Southard, J.B. and Hollister, C.D., 1985.
Sedimentation, resuspension and chemistry of particles in the
Northwest Atlantic. Mar. Geol., 65: 199−242.
Geiger, S.R., 1963. Ophiopluteus ramosus between Iceland and
Newfoundland. Nature, 198: 908−909.
George, R.Y., 1981. Functional adaptations of deep-sea organisms.
In: F.J. Vernberg and W.B. Vernberg (Editors), Adaptations of
Deep-Sea Organisms. Academic Press, New York, pp. 280–332.
George, R.Y. and Higgins, R.P., 1979. Eutrophic hadal benthic
community in the Puerto Rico Trench. Ambio Spec. Rep., 6:
51−58.
Gilbert, D. and Garrett, C., 1989. Implications for ocean mixing
of internal waves scattering off irregular topography. J. Phys.
Oceanogr., 19: 1716−1729.
Ginger, M., Billett, D.S.M., Mackenzie, K.M., Kiriakoulakis, K.,
Neto, R.R., Boardman, K., Santos, V.L.C.S., Horsfall, I.M. and
Wolff, G.A., 2001. Organic matter assimilation by holothurians in