308
Carol T. STUART et al.
REFERENCES
Adkins, J.F., Boyle, E.A., Keigwin, L.D. and Cortij, E., 1997.
Variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during
the last interglacial period. Nature, 390: 154−156.
Adkins, J.F., Cheng, H., Boyle, E.A., Druffel, E.R.M. and
Edwards, R.L., 1998. Deep-sea coral evidence for rapid change in
ventilation of the deep North Atlantic 15,400 years ago. Science,
280: 725−728.
Allen, J.A. and Sanders, H.L., 1996. The zoogeography and diversity
of the deep-sea protobranch bivalves of the Atlantic: the epilogue.
Prog. Oceanogr., 38: 95−153.
Aller, J.Y., 1997. Benthic community response to temporal and
spatial gradients in physical disturbance within a deep-sea western
boundary region. Deep-Sea Res. I, 44: 39−69.
Angel, M.V., 1997. Pelagic biodiversity. In: R.F.G. Ormond, J.D.
Gage and M.V. Angel (Editors), Marine Biodiversity: Patterns and
Processes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 35–68.
Blake, J.A. and Grassle, J.F., 1994. Benthic community structure on
the US South Atlantic slope off the Carolinas: spatial heterogeneity
in a current-dominated system. Deep-Sea Res. II, 41: 835−874.
Blake, J.A. and Hilbig, B., 1994. Dense infaunal assemblages on
the continental slope off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 41: 875−899.
Blake, J.A., Hecker, B., Grassle, J.F., Maciolek-Blake, N., Brown, B.,
Curran, M., Dade, B., Freitas, S. and Ruff, R.E., 1985. Study of
Biological Processes on the US South Atlantic Slope and Rise.
Phase 1. US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management
Service, Washington DC, 142 pp.
Blake, J.A., Hecker, B., Grassle, J.F., Brown, B., Wade, M.,
Boehm, P.D., Baptiste, E., Hilbig, B., Maciolek, N.J., Petrecca, R.F.,
Ruff, R.E., Starczak, V.R. and Watling, L., 1987. Study of
Biological Processes on the US South Atlantic Slope and Rise.
Phase 2. US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management
Service, Washington DC, 414 pp.
Bouchet, P. and War´ en, A., 1980. The abyssal molluscan fauna of
the Norwegian Sea and its relation to other faunas. Sarsia, 64:
211−243.
Brey, T., Klages, M., Dahm, C., Gorny, M., Gutt, J., Hahn, S.,
Stiller, M., Arntz, W.E., Wagele, J.-W. and Zimmermann, A., 1994.
Antarctic benthic diversity. Nature, 368: 297.
Campbell, J.W. and Aarup, T., 1992. New production in the North
Atlantic derived from seasonal patterns of surface chlorophyll.
Deep-Sea Res., 39: 1669−1694.
Cannariato, K.G., Kennett, J.P. and Behl, R.J., 1999. Biotic response
to late Quaternary rapid climate switches in Santa Barbara Basin:
ecological and evolutionary implications. Geology, 27: 63−66.
Carney, R.S., Haedrich, R.L. and Rowe, G.T., 1983. Zonation of the
fauna in the deep-sea. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea. Wiley,
New York, pp. 371–398.
Charles, C., 1998. The ends of an era. Nature, 394: 422−423.
Chase, M.R., Etter, R.J., Rex, M.A. and Quattro, J.M., 1998.
Bathymetric patterns of genetic variation in a deep-sea protobranch
bivalve, Deminucula atacellana. Mar. Biol., 131: 301−308.
Christensen, J.P., 2000. A relationship between deep-sea benthic
oxygen demand and oceanic primary productivity. Oceanol. Acta,
23: 65−82.
Cosson, N., Sibuet, M. and Gal´ eron, J., 1997. Community structure
and spatial heterogeneity of the deep-sea macrofauna at three
contrasting stations in the tropical northeast Atlantic. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 44: 247−269.
Cosson-Sarradin, N., Sibuet, M., Paterson, G.L.J. and Vangriesheim,
A., 1998. Polychaete diversity at tropical Atlantic deep-sea sites:
environmental effects. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 165: 173−185.
Cronin, T.M. and Raymo, M.E., 1997. Orbital forcing of deep-sea
benthic species diversity. Nature, 385: 624−627.
Cronin, T.M. and Schneider, C.E., 1990. Climatic influences on
species: evidence from the fossil record. Trends Ecol. Evol., 5:
275−279.
Culver, S.J. and Buzas, M.A., 1998. Patterns of occurrence of benthic
foraminifera in time and space. In: S.K. Donovan and C.R.C. Paul
(Editors), The Adequacy of the Fossil Record. Wiley, New York,
pp. 207–226.
Culver, S.J. and Buzas, M.A., 2000. Global latitudinal species
diversity gradient in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 47: 259−275.
Dayton, P.K. and Hessler, R.R., 1972. Role of biological disturbance
in maintaining diversity in the deep sea. Deep-Sea Res., 19:
199−208.
Dodge, J.D. and Marshall, H.G., 1994. Biogeographic analysis of the
armored planktonic dinoflagellate Ceratium in the North Atlantic
and adjacent seas. J. Phycol., 30: 905−922.
Driscoll, N.W. and Haug, G.H., 1998. A short circuit in thermohaline
circulation: a cause for northern hemisphere glaciation. Science,
282: 436−438.
Dwyer, G.S., Cronin, T.M., Baker, P.A., Raymo, M.E., Buzas, J.S. and
Corr` ege, T., 1995. North Atlantic deepwater temperature change
during the Late Pliocene and Late Quaternary climatic cycles.
Science, 270: 1347−1351.
Emery, K.O. and Uchupi, E., 1972. Western North Atlantic Ocean:
topography, rocks, structure, water, life, and sediments. Am. Assoc.
Pet. Geol. Mem., 17: 1−532.
Etter, R.J. and Grassle, J.F., 1992. Patterns of species diversity in the
deep sea as a function of sediment particle size diversity. Nature,
360: 576−578.
Etter, R.J. and Rex, M.A., 1990. Population differentiation
decreases with depth in deep-sea gastropods. Deep-Sea Res., 37:
1251−1261.
Etter, R.J., Rex, M.A., Chase, M.C. and Quattro, J.M., 1999. A
genetic dimension to deep-sea biodiversity. Deep-Sea Res. I, 46:
1095−1099.
Falkowski, P.G., Barber, R.T. and Smetacek, V.S., 1998. Biochemical
controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science, 281:
200−206.
Fenchel, T.M. and Kofoed, L.H., 1976. Evidence of exploitive
interspecific competition in mud snails (Hydrobiidae). Oikos, 27:
19−32.
Fenchel, T.M., Kofoed, L.H. and Lappalainen, A., 1975. Particle
size selection of two deposit feeders: the amphipod Corophium
volutator and the prosobranch Hydrobia ulvae. Mar. Biol., 30:
119−128.
Fischer, A.G., 1960. Latitudinal variations in organic diversity.
Evolution, 14: 64−81.
Gage, J.D., 1997. High benthic species diversity in deep-sea
sediments: the importance of hydrodynamics. In: R.F.G. Ormond,
J.D. Gage and M.V. Angel (Editors), Marine Biodiversity: Patterns
and Processes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 148–
177.
Carol T. STUART et al.
REFERENCES
Adkins, J.F., Boyle, E.A., Keigwin, L.D. and Cortij, E., 1997.
Variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during
the last interglacial period. Nature, 390: 154−156.
Adkins, J.F., Cheng, H., Boyle, E.A., Druffel, E.R.M. and
Edwards, R.L., 1998. Deep-sea coral evidence for rapid change in
ventilation of the deep North Atlantic 15,400 years ago. Science,
280: 725−728.
Allen, J.A. and Sanders, H.L., 1996. The zoogeography and diversity
of the deep-sea protobranch bivalves of the Atlantic: the epilogue.
Prog. Oceanogr., 38: 95−153.
Aller, J.Y., 1997. Benthic community response to temporal and
spatial gradients in physical disturbance within a deep-sea western
boundary region. Deep-Sea Res. I, 44: 39−69.
Angel, M.V., 1997. Pelagic biodiversity. In: R.F.G. Ormond, J.D.
Gage and M.V. Angel (Editors), Marine Biodiversity: Patterns and
Processes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 35–68.
Blake, J.A. and Grassle, J.F., 1994. Benthic community structure on
the US South Atlantic slope off the Carolinas: spatial heterogeneity
in a current-dominated system. Deep-Sea Res. II, 41: 835−874.
Blake, J.A. and Hilbig, B., 1994. Dense infaunal assemblages on
the continental slope off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Deep-Sea
Res. II, 41: 875−899.
Blake, J.A., Hecker, B., Grassle, J.F., Maciolek-Blake, N., Brown, B.,
Curran, M., Dade, B., Freitas, S. and Ruff, R.E., 1985. Study of
Biological Processes on the US South Atlantic Slope and Rise.
Phase 1. US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management
Service, Washington DC, 142 pp.
Blake, J.A., Hecker, B., Grassle, J.F., Brown, B., Wade, M.,
Boehm, P.D., Baptiste, E., Hilbig, B., Maciolek, N.J., Petrecca, R.F.,
Ruff, R.E., Starczak, V.R. and Watling, L., 1987. Study of
Biological Processes on the US South Atlantic Slope and Rise.
Phase 2. US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management
Service, Washington DC, 414 pp.
Bouchet, P. and War´ en, A., 1980. The abyssal molluscan fauna of
the Norwegian Sea and its relation to other faunas. Sarsia, 64:
211−243.
Brey, T., Klages, M., Dahm, C., Gorny, M., Gutt, J., Hahn, S.,
Stiller, M., Arntz, W.E., Wagele, J.-W. and Zimmermann, A., 1994.
Antarctic benthic diversity. Nature, 368: 297.
Campbell, J.W. and Aarup, T., 1992. New production in the North
Atlantic derived from seasonal patterns of surface chlorophyll.
Deep-Sea Res., 39: 1669−1694.
Cannariato, K.G., Kennett, J.P. and Behl, R.J., 1999. Biotic response
to late Quaternary rapid climate switches in Santa Barbara Basin:
ecological and evolutionary implications. Geology, 27: 63−66.
Carney, R.S., Haedrich, R.L. and Rowe, G.T., 1983. Zonation of the
fauna in the deep-sea. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea. Wiley,
New York, pp. 371–398.
Charles, C., 1998. The ends of an era. Nature, 394: 422−423.
Chase, M.R., Etter, R.J., Rex, M.A. and Quattro, J.M., 1998.
Bathymetric patterns of genetic variation in a deep-sea protobranch
bivalve, Deminucula atacellana. Mar. Biol., 131: 301−308.
Christensen, J.P., 2000. A relationship between deep-sea benthic
oxygen demand and oceanic primary productivity. Oceanol. Acta,
23: 65−82.
Cosson, N., Sibuet, M. and Gal´ eron, J., 1997. Community structure
and spatial heterogeneity of the deep-sea macrofauna at three
contrasting stations in the tropical northeast Atlantic. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 44: 247−269.
Cosson-Sarradin, N., Sibuet, M., Paterson, G.L.J. and Vangriesheim,
A., 1998. Polychaete diversity at tropical Atlantic deep-sea sites:
environmental effects. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 165: 173−185.
Cronin, T.M. and Raymo, M.E., 1997. Orbital forcing of deep-sea
benthic species diversity. Nature, 385: 624−627.
Cronin, T.M. and Schneider, C.E., 1990. Climatic influences on
species: evidence from the fossil record. Trends Ecol. Evol., 5:
275−279.
Culver, S.J. and Buzas, M.A., 1998. Patterns of occurrence of benthic
foraminifera in time and space. In: S.K. Donovan and C.R.C. Paul
(Editors), The Adequacy of the Fossil Record. Wiley, New York,
pp. 207–226.
Culver, S.J. and Buzas, M.A., 2000. Global latitudinal species
diversity gradient in deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Deep-Sea
Res. I, 47: 259−275.
Dayton, P.K. and Hessler, R.R., 1972. Role of biological disturbance
in maintaining diversity in the deep sea. Deep-Sea Res., 19:
199−208.
Dodge, J.D. and Marshall, H.G., 1994. Biogeographic analysis of the
armored planktonic dinoflagellate Ceratium in the North Atlantic
and adjacent seas. J. Phycol., 30: 905−922.
Driscoll, N.W. and Haug, G.H., 1998. A short circuit in thermohaline
circulation: a cause for northern hemisphere glaciation. Science,
282: 436−438.
Dwyer, G.S., Cronin, T.M., Baker, P.A., Raymo, M.E., Buzas, J.S. and
Corr` ege, T., 1995. North Atlantic deepwater temperature change
during the Late Pliocene and Late Quaternary climatic cycles.
Science, 270: 1347−1351.
Emery, K.O. and Uchupi, E., 1972. Western North Atlantic Ocean:
topography, rocks, structure, water, life, and sediments. Am. Assoc.
Pet. Geol. Mem., 17: 1−532.
Etter, R.J. and Grassle, J.F., 1992. Patterns of species diversity in the
deep sea as a function of sediment particle size diversity. Nature,
360: 576−578.
Etter, R.J. and Rex, M.A., 1990. Population differentiation
decreases with depth in deep-sea gastropods. Deep-Sea Res., 37:
1251−1261.
Etter, R.J., Rex, M.A., Chase, M.C. and Quattro, J.M., 1999. A
genetic dimension to deep-sea biodiversity. Deep-Sea Res. I, 46:
1095−1099.
Falkowski, P.G., Barber, R.T. and Smetacek, V.S., 1998. Biochemical
controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production. Science, 281:
200−206.
Fenchel, T.M. and Kofoed, L.H., 1976. Evidence of exploitive
interspecific competition in mud snails (Hydrobiidae). Oikos, 27:
19−32.
Fenchel, T.M., Kofoed, L.H. and Lappalainen, A., 1975. Particle
size selection of two deposit feeders: the amphipod Corophium
volutator and the prosobranch Hydrobia ulvae. Mar. Biol., 30:
119−128.
Fischer, A.G., 1960. Latitudinal variations in organic diversity.
Evolution, 14: 64−81.
Gage, J.D., 1997. High benthic species diversity in deep-sea
sediments: the importance of hydrodynamics. In: R.F.G. Ormond,
J.D. Gage and M.V. Angel (Editors), Marine Biodiversity: Patterns
and Processes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 148–
177.