258
Andrew CLARKE
Ewing, J., Hunkins, K. and Thorndike, E.M., 1969. Some unusual
photographs in the Arctic Ocean. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 3: 41−44.
Fahl, K. and Stein, R., 1997. Modern organic carbon deposition in
the Laptev Sea and the adjacent continental slope: surface water
productivity vs. terrigenous input. Org. Geochem., 26: 379−390.
Fedyakov, V.V. and Naumov, A.D., 1989. Marine Bivalvia of the Arctic
Ocean. In: Y. Herman (Editor), The Arctic Seas: Climatology,
Oceanography, Geology and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, pp. 303–324.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1991. Deep-Sea Biology. A Natural History
of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 504 pp.
Galt, J.A., 1967. Current measurements in the Canada Basin of the
Arctic Ocean, Summer 1965. Tech. Rep. Univ. Wash., 184: 1−17.
Gebruk, A.V., Southward, E.C. and Tyler, P.A. (Editors), 1997. The
Biogeography of the Oceans. Advances in Marine Biology, Vol 32.
Academic Press, San Diego, 596 pp.
Gloersen, P., Campbell, W.J., Cavalieri, D.J., Comiso, J.C.,
Parkinson, C.L. and Zwally, H.J., 1992. Arctic and Antarctic
Sea Ice, 1978–1987: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations
and Analyses. National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC, 289 pp.
Golikov, A.N., 1989. Arctic Ocean gastropod prosobranchs. In: Y.
Herman (Editor), The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography,
Geology and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 325–
340.
Golikov, A.N. and Scarlato, O.A., 1989. Evolution of Arctic
ecosystems during the Neogene period. In: Y. Herman (Editor), The
Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography, Geology and Biology.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 257–279.
Gontav, V.I. and Denisenko, N.V., 1989. Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In:
Y. Herman (Editor), The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography,
Geology and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 341–
372.
Goodell, H.G., Houtz, R., Ewing, M., Hayes, D.E., Naini, B., Echols,
R.J., Kennett, J.P. and Donahue, J.G., 1973. Marine sediments of the
Southern Oceans. Antarctic Map Folio Series, Folio 17. American
Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 18 pp.
Gorbunov, G., 1946. Bottom life of the Novosiberian shoal waters
and the central part of the Arctic Ocean. In: 3rd Compendium of
Results of the Drifting Expedition of the Ice-Breaker Cedov 1937–
1940. Chief Office of North Road, Moscow, 138 pp. In Russian.
Gosselin, M., Levasseur, M., Wheeler, P.A., Horner, R.A. and Booth,
B.C., 1997. New measurements of phytoplankton and ice algal
production in the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44: 1623−1644.
Gotelli, N.J. and Graves, G.R., 1996. Null Models in Ecology.
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 368 pp.
Gray, J.S., 1994. Is deep-sea species diversity really so high? Species
diversity of the Norwegian continental shelf. Mar. Ecol. Progr.
Ser., 112: 205−209.
Guryanova, E.F., 1970. The peculiarities of the Arctic fauna and its
significance for the interpretation of the history of its formation. In:
Severnyi Ledovit¨ u okean in ego pobercje v kainozoe ø lzdatelstovo
Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, pp. 126–161. In Russian.
Hardy, A.C. and Gunther, E.R., 1935. The plankton of the
South Georgia whaling grounds and adjacent waters, 1926–1927.
Discovery Rep., 11: 1−456.
Hessler, R.R. and Thistle, D., 1975. On the place of origin of deep-sea
isopods. Mar. Biol., 32: 155−165.
Hochachka, P.W. and Somero, G.N., 1984. Biochemical Adaptation.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 537 pp.
Holm-Hansen, O., El-Sayed, S.Z., Franceschini, G.A. and
Cuhel, R.L., 1977. Primary production and the factors controlling
phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean. In: G.A. Llano
(Editor), Adaptations within Antarctic Ecosystems. Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, DC, pp. 11–50.
Honjo, S., 1990. Particle fluxes and modern sedimentation in the polar
oceans. In: W.O. Smith (Editor), Polar Oceanography, Part B:
Chemistry, Biology and Geology. Academic Press, San Diego,
pp. 687–739.
Hunkins, K. and Kutschale, H., 1967. Quaternary sedimentation in
the Arctic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 4: 89−94.
Hunkins, K., Mathieu, G., Teeter, S.R. and Gill, A., 1970. The floor
of the Arctic Ocean in photographs. Arctic, 23: 175−189.
Hurlbert, S.H., 1971. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique
and alternative parameters. Ecology, 52: 577−586.
John, D.D., 1936. The southern species of the genus Euphausia.
Discovery Rep., 14: 195−325.
Kendall, M.A., 1996. Are Arctic soft-sediment macrobenthic
communities impoverished? Polar Biol., 16: 393−399.
Kendall, M.A. and Aschan, M., 1993. Latitudinal gradients in
the structure of macrobenthic communities: a comparison of
Arctic, temperate and tropical sites. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 172:
157−169.
Knox, G.A. and Lowry, G.K., 1977. A comparison between the
benthos of the Southern Ocean and the North Polar Ocean
with special reference to the Amphipoda and Polychaeta. In:
M.J. Dunbar (Editor), Polar Oceans. Arctic Institute of North
America, Calgary, Alberta, pp. 423–462.
Koltun, V.M., 1964. About the study of the bottom fauna of the
Greenland Sea and the central part of the Arctic basin. Tr. Arkt.
Antarckt. Nanchno–Issled. Inst., 259: 13−78. In Russian.
Kr¨ oncke, I., 1994. Macrobenthos composition, abundance and
biomass in the Arctic Ocean along a transect between Svalbard
and the Makarov Basin. Polar Biol., 14: 519−529.
Kr¨ oncke, I., 1998. Macro fauna communities in the Amundsen Basin
at the Morris Jesup Rise and at the Yermak Plateau (Eurasian Arctic
Ocean). Polar Biol., 19: 383−392.
Kr¨ oncke, I., Tan, T.L. and Stein, R., 1994. High benthic bacteria
standing stock in deep Arctic basins. Polar Biol., 14: 423−428.
Kussakin, O.G., 1973. Peculiarities of the geographical and vertical
distribution of marine isopods and the problem of deep-sea fauna
origin. Mar. Biol., 23: 19−34.
Lewis, E.L., 1982. The Arctic Ocean: water masses and energy
exchanges. In: L. Rey (Editor), The Arctic Ocean: The
Hydrographic Environment and the Fate of Pollutants. Macmillan,
London, pp. 43–68.
Ling, H.Y., McPherson, L.M. and Clark, D.L., 1973. Late Cretaceous
(Maestrichtian ?) Silicoflagellates from the Alpha Cordillera of the
Arctic Ocean. Science, 180: 1360−1361.
Lipps, J.H. and Hickman, C.S., 1982. Origin, age and evolution of
Antarctic and deep-sea faunas. In: W.G. Ernst and J.G. Morin
(Editors), The Environment of the Deep Sea (Rubey Volume 2).
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 324–356.
Lisitzin, A.P., 1962. Bottom sediments of the Antarctic. Geophys.
Monogr., 7: 81−88.
Lisitzin, A.P., 1970. Sedimentation and geochemical considerations.
In: W.S. Wooster (Editor), Scientific Exploration of the South
Andrew CLARKE
Ewing, J., Hunkins, K. and Thorndike, E.M., 1969. Some unusual
photographs in the Arctic Ocean. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 3: 41−44.
Fahl, K. and Stein, R., 1997. Modern organic carbon deposition in
the Laptev Sea and the adjacent continental slope: surface water
productivity vs. terrigenous input. Org. Geochem., 26: 379−390.
Fedyakov, V.V. and Naumov, A.D., 1989. Marine Bivalvia of the Arctic
Ocean. In: Y. Herman (Editor), The Arctic Seas: Climatology,
Oceanography, Geology and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York, pp. 303–324.
Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1991. Deep-Sea Biology. A Natural History
of Organisms at the Deep-Sea Floor. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 504 pp.
Galt, J.A., 1967. Current measurements in the Canada Basin of the
Arctic Ocean, Summer 1965. Tech. Rep. Univ. Wash., 184: 1−17.
Gebruk, A.V., Southward, E.C. and Tyler, P.A. (Editors), 1997. The
Biogeography of the Oceans. Advances in Marine Biology, Vol 32.
Academic Press, San Diego, 596 pp.
Gloersen, P., Campbell, W.J., Cavalieri, D.J., Comiso, J.C.,
Parkinson, C.L. and Zwally, H.J., 1992. Arctic and Antarctic
Sea Ice, 1978–1987: Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations
and Analyses. National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC, 289 pp.
Golikov, A.N., 1989. Arctic Ocean gastropod prosobranchs. In: Y.
Herman (Editor), The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography,
Geology and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 325–
340.
Golikov, A.N. and Scarlato, O.A., 1989. Evolution of Arctic
ecosystems during the Neogene period. In: Y. Herman (Editor), The
Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography, Geology and Biology.
Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 257–279.
Gontav, V.I. and Denisenko, N.V., 1989. Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In:
Y. Herman (Editor), The Arctic Seas: Climatology, Oceanography,
Geology and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 341–
372.
Goodell, H.G., Houtz, R., Ewing, M., Hayes, D.E., Naini, B., Echols,
R.J., Kennett, J.P. and Donahue, J.G., 1973. Marine sediments of the
Southern Oceans. Antarctic Map Folio Series, Folio 17. American
Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 18 pp.
Gorbunov, G., 1946. Bottom life of the Novosiberian shoal waters
and the central part of the Arctic Ocean. In: 3rd Compendium of
Results of the Drifting Expedition of the Ice-Breaker Cedov 1937–
1940. Chief Office of North Road, Moscow, 138 pp. In Russian.
Gosselin, M., Levasseur, M., Wheeler, P.A., Horner, R.A. and Booth,
B.C., 1997. New measurements of phytoplankton and ice algal
production in the Arctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II, 44: 1623−1644.
Gotelli, N.J. and Graves, G.R., 1996. Null Models in Ecology.
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, 368 pp.
Gray, J.S., 1994. Is deep-sea species diversity really so high? Species
diversity of the Norwegian continental shelf. Mar. Ecol. Progr.
Ser., 112: 205−209.
Guryanova, E.F., 1970. The peculiarities of the Arctic fauna and its
significance for the interpretation of the history of its formation. In:
Severnyi Ledovit¨ u okean in ego pobercje v kainozoe ø lzdatelstovo
Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, pp. 126–161. In Russian.
Hardy, A.C. and Gunther, E.R., 1935. The plankton of the
South Georgia whaling grounds and adjacent waters, 1926–1927.
Discovery Rep., 11: 1−456.
Hessler, R.R. and Thistle, D., 1975. On the place of origin of deep-sea
isopods. Mar. Biol., 32: 155−165.
Hochachka, P.W. and Somero, G.N., 1984. Biochemical Adaptation.
Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 537 pp.
Holm-Hansen, O., El-Sayed, S.Z., Franceschini, G.A. and
Cuhel, R.L., 1977. Primary production and the factors controlling
phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean. In: G.A. Llano
(Editor), Adaptations within Antarctic Ecosystems. Smithsonian
Institution, Washington, DC, pp. 11–50.
Honjo, S., 1990. Particle fluxes and modern sedimentation in the polar
oceans. In: W.O. Smith (Editor), Polar Oceanography, Part B:
Chemistry, Biology and Geology. Academic Press, San Diego,
pp. 687–739.
Hunkins, K. and Kutschale, H., 1967. Quaternary sedimentation in
the Arctic Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr., 4: 89−94.
Hunkins, K., Mathieu, G., Teeter, S.R. and Gill, A., 1970. The floor
of the Arctic Ocean in photographs. Arctic, 23: 175−189.
Hurlbert, S.H., 1971. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique
and alternative parameters. Ecology, 52: 577−586.
John, D.D., 1936. The southern species of the genus Euphausia.
Discovery Rep., 14: 195−325.
Kendall, M.A., 1996. Are Arctic soft-sediment macrobenthic
communities impoverished? Polar Biol., 16: 393−399.
Kendall, M.A. and Aschan, M., 1993. Latitudinal gradients in
the structure of macrobenthic communities: a comparison of
Arctic, temperate and tropical sites. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 172:
157−169.
Knox, G.A. and Lowry, G.K., 1977. A comparison between the
benthos of the Southern Ocean and the North Polar Ocean
with special reference to the Amphipoda and Polychaeta. In:
M.J. Dunbar (Editor), Polar Oceans. Arctic Institute of North
America, Calgary, Alberta, pp. 423–462.
Koltun, V.M., 1964. About the study of the bottom fauna of the
Greenland Sea and the central part of the Arctic basin. Tr. Arkt.
Antarckt. Nanchno–Issled. Inst., 259: 13−78. In Russian.
Kr¨ oncke, I., 1994. Macrobenthos composition, abundance and
biomass in the Arctic Ocean along a transect between Svalbard
and the Makarov Basin. Polar Biol., 14: 519−529.
Kr¨ oncke, I., 1998. Macro fauna communities in the Amundsen Basin
at the Morris Jesup Rise and at the Yermak Plateau (Eurasian Arctic
Ocean). Polar Biol., 19: 383−392.
Kr¨ oncke, I., Tan, T.L. and Stein, R., 1994. High benthic bacteria
standing stock in deep Arctic basins. Polar Biol., 14: 423−428.
Kussakin, O.G., 1973. Peculiarities of the geographical and vertical
distribution of marine isopods and the problem of deep-sea fauna
origin. Mar. Biol., 23: 19−34.
Lewis, E.L., 1982. The Arctic Ocean: water masses and energy
exchanges. In: L. Rey (Editor), The Arctic Ocean: The
Hydrographic Environment and the Fate of Pollutants. Macmillan,
London, pp. 43–68.
Ling, H.Y., McPherson, L.M. and Clark, D.L., 1973. Late Cretaceous
(Maestrichtian ?) Silicoflagellates from the Alpha Cordillera of the
Arctic Ocean. Science, 180: 1360−1361.
Lipps, J.H. and Hickman, C.S., 1982. Origin, age and evolution of
Antarctic and deep-sea faunas. In: W.G. Ernst and J.G. Morin
(Editors), The Environment of the Deep Sea (Rubey Volume 2).
Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 324–356.
Lisitzin, A.P., 1962. Bottom sediments of the Antarctic. Geophys.
Monogr., 7: 81−88.
Lisitzin, A.P., 1970. Sedimentation and geochemical considerations.
In: W.S. Wooster (Editor), Scientific Exploration of the South