188
Craig R. SMITH and Amanda W.J. DEMOPOULOS
Table 6.1
Approximate ranges in the values of some key ecological variables in representative benthic ecosystems in the deep Pacific Ocean
Ecosystem type
Study depths
(m)
POC flux
(g C m −2 y −1 )
Sediment C org
respiration
(g C m −2 y −1 )
Macrofaunal
abundance
(no. m −2 )
Macrofaunal
biomass
(g wet wt. m −2 )
~Median
macrofaunal
body size
(mg)
Megafaunal
abundance
(no. m −2 )
Megafaunal
biomass
(g wet wt. m −2 )
210 Pb
bioturbation
coefficient
(cm 2 y −1 )
Animal trace
disappearance
time
(months) 26
Continental Margin
Oxygenated slopes/basins
off California
1000–3500
4–10 14,24
3–10 3,15,24
5000–10 000 20,24 4–8 24
0.8
7–16 1,2
68 19
0.3–0.6 16
0.5–2 25
Oxygen minimum zone,
Volcano 7
730–1000
1000–14 000 13
0–8.5 13
Base of California slope 3800–4100
3–10 22,24
3.6–9 15,22,24
2–24 5,24
2.7–4.0 12
~3 23
Eutrophic Abyss
Equatorial upwelling
zone (5ºS−5ºN, 140ºW)
4200–4450
0.9–1.8 10
1–3 8
1200–2000 18
0.4–0.6 18
0.3
0.17–0.25 18,27
0.1–0.9 4,16,18 > 4 7
Mesotrophic Abyss
Equatorial North Pacific
(9−10ºN, 140ºW)
4500–5000
~0.4 10
0.3–1.7 8
285–290 18
~0.12 18
0.4
~0.10 18,28
<0.1 4,18
>12 7
Oligotrophic Abyss
Central North Pacific
(28−31ºN, 155−159ºW)
5600–5800
~0.3 21
0.3–1.0 21
84–160 9
~0.08 21
0.07
~0.15 21
~0.6 21
Aleutian Trench
7298
1272 11
1 Barham et al. (1967)
2 Bennett et al. (1994)
3 Berelson et al. (1996)
4 Cochran (1985)
5 Drazen et al. (1998)
6 Dymond and Collier (1988)
7 Gardner et al. (1984)
8 Hammond et al. (1996)
9 Hessler and Jumars (1974)
10 Honjo et al. (1995)
11 Jumars and Hessler (1976)
12 Lauerman et al. (1996)
13 Levin et al. (1991b)
14 Martin et al. (1987)
15 Reimers et al. (1992)
16 C.R. Smith et al. (1993)
17 C.R. Smith et al. (1996)
18 C.R. Smith et al. (1997)
19 Smith and Hamilton (1983)
20 C.R. Smith and Hessler (1987)
21 K.L. Smith (1992)
22 K.L. Smith et al. (1992)
23 K.L. Smith et al. (1993)
24 K.L. Smith and Hinga (1983)
25 Wheatcroft et al. (1989)
26 The time required, in physically quiescent habitats, for animal traces on the millimeter–centimeter scale to disappear due to the sediment-mixing activities of benthos.
27 1.9–5.9 with xenophyophores.
28 ~2.35 with xenophyophores.
Craig R. SMITH and Amanda W.J. DEMOPOULOS
Table 6.1
Approximate ranges in the values of some key ecological variables in representative benthic ecosystems in the deep Pacific Ocean
Ecosystem type
Study depths
(m)
POC flux
(g C m −2 y −1 )
Sediment C org
respiration
(g C m −2 y −1 )
Macrofaunal
abundance
(no. m −2 )
Macrofaunal
biomass
(g wet wt. m −2 )
~Median
macrofaunal
body size
(mg)
Megafaunal
abundance
(no. m −2 )
Megafaunal
biomass
(g wet wt. m −2 )
210 Pb
bioturbation
coefficient
(cm 2 y −1 )
Animal trace
disappearance
time
(months) 26
Continental Margin
Oxygenated slopes/basins
off California
1000–3500
4–10 14,24
3–10 3,15,24
5000–10 000 20,24 4–8 24
0.8
7–16 1,2
68 19
0.3–0.6 16
0.5–2 25
Oxygen minimum zone,
Volcano 7
730–1000
1000–14 000 13
0–8.5 13
Base of California slope 3800–4100
3–10 22,24
3.6–9 15,22,24
2–24 5,24
2.7–4.0 12
~3 23
Eutrophic Abyss
Equatorial upwelling
zone (5ºS−5ºN, 140ºW)
4200–4450
0.9–1.8 10
1–3 8
1200–2000 18
0.4–0.6 18
0.3
0.17–0.25 18,27
0.1–0.9 4,16,18 > 4 7
Mesotrophic Abyss
Equatorial North Pacific
(9−10ºN, 140ºW)
4500–5000
~0.4 10
0.3–1.7 8
285–290 18
~0.12 18
0.4
~0.10 18,28
<0.1 4,18
>12 7
Oligotrophic Abyss
Central North Pacific
(28−31ºN, 155−159ºW)
5600–5800
~0.3 21
0.3–1.0 21
84–160 9
~0.08 21
0.07
~0.15 21
~0.6 21
Aleutian Trench
7298
1272 11
1 Barham et al. (1967)
2 Bennett et al. (1994)
3 Berelson et al. (1996)
4 Cochran (1985)
5 Drazen et al. (1998)
6 Dymond and Collier (1988)
7 Gardner et al. (1984)
8 Hammond et al. (1996)
9 Hessler and Jumars (1974)
10 Honjo et al. (1995)
11 Jumars and Hessler (1976)
12 Lauerman et al. (1996)
13 Levin et al. (1991b)
14 Martin et al. (1987)
15 Reimers et al. (1992)
16 C.R. Smith et al. (1993)
17 C.R. Smith et al. (1996)
18 C.R. Smith et al. (1997)
19 Smith and Hamilton (1983)
20 C.R. Smith and Hessler (1987)
21 K.L. Smith (1992)
22 K.L. Smith et al. (1992)
23 K.L. Smith et al. (1993)
24 K.L. Smith and Hinga (1983)
25 Wheatcroft et al. (1989)
26 The time required, in physically quiescent habitats, for animal traces on the millimeter–centimeter scale to disappear due to the sediment-mixing activities of benthos.
27 1.9–5.9 with xenophyophores.
28 ~2.35 with xenophyophores.