176
Lisa A. LEVIN and Andrew J. GOODAY
Smith, A., Matthiopoulos, J. and Priede, I.G., 1997b. Areal
coverage of the ocean floor by the deep-sea elasipod holothurian
Oneirophanta mutabilis: estimates using systematic, random
and directional search strategy simulations. Deep-Sea Res., 44:
477−486.
Smith, C.R., 1985a. Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal and
flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea
Res., 32: 417−442.
Smith, C.R., 1985b. Colonization studies in the deep sea: are results
biased by experimental designs? In: P.E. Gibbs (Editor), Procedures
of the 19th European Marine Biology Symposium. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, pp. 183–189.
Smith, C.R., 1992. Factors controlling bioturbation in deep-sea
sediments and their relation to models of carbon diagenesis. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,
pp. 375–393.
Smith, C.R. and Hessler, R.R., 1987. Colonization and succession in
deep-sea ecosystems. Trends Ecol. Evol., 2: 359−363.
Smith, C.R., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J. and Magaard, L., 1993. Agedependent mixing of deep-sea sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 57: 1473−1488.
Smith, J.N. and Schafer, C.T., 1984. Bioturbation processes in
continental slope and rise sediments delineated by Pb-210,
microfossil and textural indicators. J. Mar. Res., 42: 1117−1145.
Smith, J.N., Boudreau, B.P. and Noshkin, V., 1986/87. Plutonium and
210Pb distributions in Northeast Atlantic sediments: subsurface
anomalies caused by non-local mixing. Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 81:
15−28.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1978. Benthic community respiration in the northwest
Atlantic ocean: in situ measurements from 40 to 5200 meters. Mar.
Biol., 47: 337−347.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1987. Food energy supply and demand: a discrepancy
between particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community
oxygen consumption in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 32:
201−220.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Hinga, K.R., 1983. Sediment community
respiration in the deep sea. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea,
Vol. 8. Wiley Interscience, New York, pp. 331–369.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Teal, J.M., 1973. Deep-sea benthic community
respiration: an in situ study at 1850 m. Science, 179: 282−283.
Smith Jr., K.L., White, G.A., Laver, M.B., McConnaughey, R.R. and
Meador, J.P., 1979. Free vehicle capture of abyssopelagic animals.
Deep-Sea Res., 26: 57−64.
Smith Jr., K.L., Kaufmann, R.S. and Baldwin, R.J., 1994. Coupling of
near-bottom pelagic and benthic processes at abyssal depths in the
eastern North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 30: 1101−1118.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1992. The role
of food patches in maintaining high deep-sea diversity: field
experiments using hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1543−1550.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1994. Macrofaunal
response to artificial enrichments and depressions in a deep-sea
habitat. J. Mar. Res., 52: 345−369.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Butman, C.A. and Grassle, J.F., 1995. Potential
flow artifacts associated with benthic experimental gear: deep-sea
mudbox examples. J. Mar. Res., 53: 821−845.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1996. Experimental
evidence for aging of food patches as a factor contributing to high
deep-sea macrofaunal diversity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 41: 605−614.
Soetaert, K. and Heip, C., 1989. The size structure of nematode
assemblages along a Mediterranean deep-sea transect. Deep-Sea
Res., 36: 93−102.
Soetaert, K. and Heip, C., 1995. Nematode assemblages of the deepsea and shelf break sites in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean
Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 125: 171−183.
Sokolova, M.N., 1997. Trophic structure of abyssal macrobenthos.
In: A.V. Gebruk, E.C. Southward and P.A. Tyler (Editors), The
Biogeography of the Oceans. Special volume of Advances in
Marine Biology, Vol. 32. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 429–
525.
Soltwedel, T., 1997. Meiobenthos distribution pattern in the tropical
East Atlantic: indication for fractionated sedimentation of organic
matter to the sea floor? Mar. Biol., 129: 747−756.
Soltwedel, T., Pfannkuche, O. and Thiel, H., 1996. The size structure
of deep-sea meiobenthos in the north-eastern Atlantic: nematode
size spectra in relation to environmental variables. J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 76: 327−344.
Staiger, J.C., 1972. Biological results of the University of Miami
Deep-Sea Expeditions. 87. Bassogigas profundissimus (Pisces,
Brotulidae) from the Puerto Rico Trench. Bull. Mar. Sci., 22:
26−33.
Stoker, M.S., Evans, D. and Cramp, A. (Editors), 1998. Geological
Processes on Continental Margins: Sedimentation, Mass-Wasting
and Stability. Geological Society, London, Special Publication,
129: 355 pp.
Stordal, M.C., Johnson, J.W., Guinasso Jr., N.L. and Schink, D.R.,
1985. Quantitative evaluation of bioturbation rates in deep ocean
sediments. II. Comparison of rates determined by 210Pb and
239,240 Pu. Mar. Chem., 17: 99−114.
Summerhayes, C.P., Nutter, A.H. and Tooms, J.S., 1972. The
distribution and origin of phosphate in sediments off northwest
Africa. Sediment. Geol., 8: 3−28.
Summerhayes, C.P., Emeis, K.-C., Angel, M.V., Smith, R.L. and
Zeitzschel, B., 1995. Upwelling in the ocean: modern processes and
ancient records. In: C.P. Summerhayes, K.-C. Emeis, M.V. Angel,
R.L. Smith and B. Zeitzschel (Editors), Upwelling in the Ocean:
Modern Processes and Ancient Record. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1–
37.
Sverdrup, H.U., Johnson, M.W. and Fleming, R.H., 1970. The Oceans.
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1087 pp.
Tan, T.L. and Ruger, H.-J., 1989. Benthic studies of the Northwest
African upwelling region: bacteria standing stock and ETS-activity,
ATP-biomass and Adenylate Energy Charge. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
51: 167−176.
Tanaka, N., Turekian, K.K. and Rye, D.M., 1991. The radiocarbon,
d 13 C, 210 Pb and 137 Cs record in box cores from the continental
margin of the middle Atlantic Bight. Am. J. Sci., 291: 90−105.
Tendal, O.S. and Gooday, A.J., 1981. Xenophyophoria (Rhizopoda,
Protozoa) in bottom photographs from the bathyal and abyssal
NE Atlantic. Oceanol. Acta, 4: 415−422.
Thiel, H., 1970. Bericht ¨
uber die Benthosuntersuchungen w¨ ahrend
der “Atlantischen Kuppenfahrten 1967” von F.S. “Meteor”. Meteor
Forschungsergeb. Reihe D, 7: 23−42.
Thiel, H., 1975. The size structure of the deep-sea benthos. Int. Rev.
Gesamten Hydrobiol., 60: 575−606.
Thiel, H., 1978. Benthos in upwelling areas. In: R. Boje and M.
Lisa A. LEVIN and Andrew J. GOODAY
Smith, A., Matthiopoulos, J. and Priede, I.G., 1997b. Areal
coverage of the ocean floor by the deep-sea elasipod holothurian
Oneirophanta mutabilis: estimates using systematic, random
and directional search strategy simulations. Deep-Sea Res., 44:
477−486.
Smith, C.R., 1985a. Food for the deep sea: utilization, dispersal and
flux of nekton falls at the Santa Catalina Basin floor. Deep-Sea
Res., 32: 417−442.
Smith, C.R., 1985b. Colonization studies in the deep sea: are results
biased by experimental designs? In: P.E. Gibbs (Editor), Procedures
of the 19th European Marine Biology Symposium. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, pp. 183–189.
Smith, C.R., 1992. Factors controlling bioturbation in deep-sea
sediments and their relation to models of carbon diagenesis. In:
G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea Food Chains and
the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht,
pp. 375–393.
Smith, C.R. and Hessler, R.R., 1987. Colonization and succession in
deep-sea ecosystems. Trends Ecol. Evol., 2: 359−363.
Smith, C.R., Pope, R.H., DeMaster, D.J. and Magaard, L., 1993. Agedependent mixing of deep-sea sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta, 57: 1473−1488.
Smith, J.N. and Schafer, C.T., 1984. Bioturbation processes in
continental slope and rise sediments delineated by Pb-210,
microfossil and textural indicators. J. Mar. Res., 42: 1117−1145.
Smith, J.N., Boudreau, B.P. and Noshkin, V., 1986/87. Plutonium and
210Pb distributions in Northeast Atlantic sediments: subsurface
anomalies caused by non-local mixing. Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 81:
15−28.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1978. Benthic community respiration in the northwest
Atlantic ocean: in situ measurements from 40 to 5200 meters. Mar.
Biol., 47: 337−347.
Smith Jr., K.L., 1987. Food energy supply and demand: a discrepancy
between particulate organic carbon flux and sediment community
oxygen consumption in the deep ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 32:
201−220.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Hinga, K.R., 1983. Sediment community
respiration in the deep sea. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea,
Vol. 8. Wiley Interscience, New York, pp. 331–369.
Smith Jr., K.L. and Teal, J.M., 1973. Deep-sea benthic community
respiration: an in situ study at 1850 m. Science, 179: 282−283.
Smith Jr., K.L., White, G.A., Laver, M.B., McConnaughey, R.R. and
Meador, J.P., 1979. Free vehicle capture of abyssopelagic animals.
Deep-Sea Res., 26: 57−64.
Smith Jr., K.L., Kaufmann, R.S. and Baldwin, R.J., 1994. Coupling of
near-bottom pelagic and benthic processes at abyssal depths in the
eastern North Pacific Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 30: 1101−1118.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1992. The role
of food patches in maintaining high deep-sea diversity: field
experiments using hydrodynamically unbiased colonization trays.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 37: 1543−1550.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1994. Macrofaunal
response to artificial enrichments and depressions in a deep-sea
habitat. J. Mar. Res., 52: 345−369.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Butman, C.A. and Grassle, J.F., 1995. Potential
flow artifacts associated with benthic experimental gear: deep-sea
mudbox examples. J. Mar. Res., 53: 821−845.
Snelgrove, P.V.R., Grassle, J.F. and Petrecca, R.F., 1996. Experimental
evidence for aging of food patches as a factor contributing to high
deep-sea macrofaunal diversity. Limnol. Oceanogr., 41: 605−614.
Soetaert, K. and Heip, C., 1989. The size structure of nematode
assemblages along a Mediterranean deep-sea transect. Deep-Sea
Res., 36: 93−102.
Soetaert, K. and Heip, C., 1995. Nematode assemblages of the deepsea and shelf break sites in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean
Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 125: 171−183.
Sokolova, M.N., 1997. Trophic structure of abyssal macrobenthos.
In: A.V. Gebruk, E.C. Southward and P.A. Tyler (Editors), The
Biogeography of the Oceans. Special volume of Advances in
Marine Biology, Vol. 32. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 429–
525.
Soltwedel, T., 1997. Meiobenthos distribution pattern in the tropical
East Atlantic: indication for fractionated sedimentation of organic
matter to the sea floor? Mar. Biol., 129: 747−756.
Soltwedel, T., Pfannkuche, O. and Thiel, H., 1996. The size structure
of deep-sea meiobenthos in the north-eastern Atlantic: nematode
size spectra in relation to environmental variables. J. Mar. Biol.
Assoc. UK, 76: 327−344.
Staiger, J.C., 1972. Biological results of the University of Miami
Deep-Sea Expeditions. 87. Bassogigas profundissimus (Pisces,
Brotulidae) from the Puerto Rico Trench. Bull. Mar. Sci., 22:
26−33.
Stoker, M.S., Evans, D. and Cramp, A. (Editors), 1998. Geological
Processes on Continental Margins: Sedimentation, Mass-Wasting
and Stability. Geological Society, London, Special Publication,
129: 355 pp.
Stordal, M.C., Johnson, J.W., Guinasso Jr., N.L. and Schink, D.R.,
1985. Quantitative evaluation of bioturbation rates in deep ocean
sediments. II. Comparison of rates determined by 210Pb and
239,240 Pu. Mar. Chem., 17: 99−114.
Summerhayes, C.P., Nutter, A.H. and Tooms, J.S., 1972. The
distribution and origin of phosphate in sediments off northwest
Africa. Sediment. Geol., 8: 3−28.
Summerhayes, C.P., Emeis, K.-C., Angel, M.V., Smith, R.L. and
Zeitzschel, B., 1995. Upwelling in the ocean: modern processes and
ancient records. In: C.P. Summerhayes, K.-C. Emeis, M.V. Angel,
R.L. Smith and B. Zeitzschel (Editors), Upwelling in the Ocean:
Modern Processes and Ancient Record. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 1–
37.
Sverdrup, H.U., Johnson, M.W. and Fleming, R.H., 1970. The Oceans.
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1087 pp.
Tan, T.L. and Ruger, H.-J., 1989. Benthic studies of the Northwest
African upwelling region: bacteria standing stock and ETS-activity,
ATP-biomass and Adenylate Energy Charge. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.,
51: 167−176.
Tanaka, N., Turekian, K.K. and Rye, D.M., 1991. The radiocarbon,
d 13 C, 210 Pb and 137 Cs record in box cores from the continental
margin of the middle Atlantic Bight. Am. J. Sci., 291: 90−105.
Tendal, O.S. and Gooday, A.J., 1981. Xenophyophoria (Rhizopoda,
Protozoa) in bottom photographs from the bathyal and abyssal
NE Atlantic. Oceanol. Acta, 4: 415−422.
Thiel, H., 1970. Bericht ¨
uber die Benthosuntersuchungen w¨ ahrend
der “Atlantischen Kuppenfahrten 1967” von F.S. “Meteor”. Meteor
Forschungsergeb. Reihe D, 7: 23−42.
Thiel, H., 1975. The size structure of the deep-sea benthos. Int. Rev.
Gesamten Hydrobiol., 60: 575−606.
Thiel, H., 1978. Benthos in upwelling areas. In: R. Boje and M.