THE DEEP ATLANTIC OCEAN
175
macrobenthos. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea, Vol. 8. Wiley
Interscience, New York, pp. 97–121.
Rowe, G.T. and Menzies, R.J., 1969. Zonation of large benthic
invertebrates in the deep sea off the Carolinas. Deep-Sea Res.,
16: 431−537.
Rowe, G.T., Polloni, P.T. and Horner, S.G., 1974. Benthic biomass
estimates from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and the northern
Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Res., 21: 641−650.
Rowe, G.T., Polloni, P.T. and Haedrich, R.L., 1982. The deep-sea
macrobenthos on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic
Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 29: 257−278.
Rowe, G.T., Sibuet, M. and Vangriesheim, A., 1986. Domains of
occupation of abyssal scavengers inferred from baited cameras
and traps on the Demerara Abyssal Plain. Deep-Sea Res., 33:
501−522.
Rowe, G.T., Sibuet, M., Deming, J.W., Khripounoff, A., Tietjen, J.H.,
Macko, S.A. and Theroux, R., 1991. ‘Total’ sediment biomass and
preliminary estimates of organic carbon residence time in deep-sea
benthos. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 79: 99−114.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M. and Lavaleye, M.S.S., 1986. Sediments,
Fauna and the Dispersal of Radionuclides at the N.E. Atlantic
Dumpsite for Low-Level Radioactive Waste. Netherlands Institute
for Sea Research, 134 pp.
Sainte-Marie, B., 1992. Foraging of scavenging deep-sea lysianassoid
amphipods. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 105−124.
Sanders, H.L., 1969. Benthic marine diversity and the time-stability
hypothesis. Brookhaven Symp. Biol., 22: 71−81.
Sanders, H.L. and Hessler, R.R., 1969. Ecology of the deep-sea
benthos. Science, 163: 1419−1424.
Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R. and Hampson, G.R., 1965. An
introduction to the study of the deep-sea benthic faunal
assemblages along the Gay Head, Bermuda transect. Deep-Sea
Res., 12: 845−867.
Sathyendranath, S., Longhurst, A.R., Caverhill, C.M. and Platt, T.,
1995. Regionally and seasonally differentiated primary production
in the North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 42: 1773−1802.
Sayles, F.L., Martin, W.R. and Deuser, W.G., 1994. Response of
benthic oxygen demand to particulate organic carbon supply in
the deep sea near Bermuda. Nature, 371: 686−689.
Scanlon, K.M., 1984. The continental slope off New England: a
long-range sidescan sonar perspective. Geo-Mar. Lett., 4: 1−14.
Schaff, T., Levin, L.A., Blair, N.E., DeMaster, D.J., Pope, R.H.
and Boehme, S.E., 1992. Spatial heterogeneity of benthos on the
Carolina continental slope: large (100 km)-scale variation. Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser., 88: 143−160.
Schmitz, W.J., 1995. On the interbasin-scale thermocline circulation.
Rev. Geophys., 33: 151−173.
Schmitz, W.J., Joyce, T.M., Wright, W.R. and Hogg, N.G., 1987.
Physical oceanography. In: J.D. Milliman and W. Redwood Wright
(Editors), The Marine Environment of the US Atlantic Continental
Slope and Rise. Jones and Bartlett Publications, Boston, pp. 27–
55.
Schr¨ oder, C.J., 1986. Deep-water arenaceous foraminifera in
the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Canadian Technical Report of
Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, 71: i-vii, pp. 1–190.
Schr¨ oder, C.J., Scott, D.B., Medioli, F.S., Bernstein, B.B. and
Hessler, R.R., 1988. Larger agglutinated foraminifera: comparison
of assemblages from central North Pacific and western North
Atlantic (Nares Abyssal Plain). J. Foraminiferal Res., 18: 25−41.
Schr¨ oder, C.J., Scott, D.B. and Medioli, F.S., 1989. Fragile abyssal
foraminifera (including new Komokiacea) for the Nares Abyssal
Plain. Micropaleontology, 35: 10−48.
Shannon, L.V. and Nelson, G., 1996. The Benguela: large scale
features and processes and system variability. In: G. Wefer, W.H.
Berger, G. Siedler and D.J. Webb (Editors), The South Atlantic:
Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin, pp. 163–210.
Sibuet, M., 1977. Repartition et diversit´ e des echinoderms en
zone profonde dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Deep-Sea Res., 24:
549−563.
Sibuet, M., 1979. Distribution and diversity of asteroids in Atlantic
Abyssal Plains. Sarsia, 64: 85−92.
Sibuet, M., 1985. Quantitative distribution of echinoderms
(Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea) in relation
to organic matter in the sediment in deep basins of the
Atlantic Ocean. In: B.F. Keegan and B.D.S. O’Connor (Editors),
Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference
Galway, 24–29 September 1984. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp. 99–108.
Sibuet, M. and Coic, D., 1989. Photographic prospection of the NEA
dumpsite in the northeast Atlantic: quantitative distribution of
epibenthic megafauna. In: F. Nuffeler and W. Simmons (Editors),
Interim Oceanographic Description of the Northeast Atlantic Site
for the Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Waste, Vol. 3. Nuclear
Energy Agency/OECD, Paris, pp. 167–177.
Sibuet, M. and Olu, K., 1998. Biogeography, biodiversity and fluid
dependence of deep-sea cold-seep communities at active and
passive margins. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 517−567.
Sibuet, M. and Segonzac, M., 1985. Abondance et r´ epartition de
l’´ epifaune m´ egabenthique. In: L. Laubier and C. Monniot (Editors),
Peuplements Profonds du Golfe de Gascogne. Institut Fran¸ caise de
Recherche pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Brest, pp. 143–156.
Sibuet, M., Monniot, C., Desbruy` eres, D., Dinet, A., Khripounoff, A.,
Rowe, G.T. and Segonzac, M., 1984. Peuplements benthiques et
caract´ eristiques trophiques au milieu dans la plaine abyssale de
Demerara dans l’oc´ ean Atlantique. Oceanol. Acta, 7: 345−358.
Sibuet, M., Lambert, C.E., Chesselet, R. and Laubier, L., 1989.
Density of the major size groups of benthic fauna and trophic
input in deep basins of the Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res., 47:
851−867.
Sibuet, M., Albert, P., Charmasson, S.S., Deming, J.W., Dinet, A.,
Gal´ eron, J., Guidi-Guilvard, L. and Mahaut, M.-L., 1993. The
benthic ecosystem in three EUMELI sites in the northeast tropical
Atlantic: general perspectives and initial results on biological
abundance and activities. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., 69: 21−33.
Sieburth, J.McN. and Dietz, A.S., 1972. Biodeterioration in the sea
and its inhibition. In: R.R. Colwell and R.Y. Morita (Editors), Effect
of Ocean Environment on Microbial Activity. University Park Press,
Baltimore, pp. 318–326.
Simms, R.W., Weaver, P.P.E., Kidd, R.B. and Jones, E.J.W., 1991.
Late Quaternary mass movement on the lower continental rise and
abyssal plain off Western Sahara. Sedimentology, 38: 27−40.
Smith, A., Priede, I.G., Bagley, P.M. and Addison, S.W., 1997a.
Interception and dispersal of artificial food falls by scavenging
fishes in the abyssal Northeast Atlantic: early-season observations
prior to annual deposition of phytodetritus. Mar. Biol., 128:
329−336.
175
macrobenthos. In: G.T. Rowe (Editor), The Sea, Vol. 8. Wiley
Interscience, New York, pp. 97–121.
Rowe, G.T. and Menzies, R.J., 1969. Zonation of large benthic
invertebrates in the deep sea off the Carolinas. Deep-Sea Res.,
16: 431−537.
Rowe, G.T., Polloni, P.T. and Horner, S.G., 1974. Benthic biomass
estimates from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean and the northern
Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Res., 21: 641−650.
Rowe, G.T., Polloni, P.T. and Haedrich, R.L., 1982. The deep-sea
macrobenthos on the continental margin of the northwest Atlantic
Ocean. Deep-Sea Res., 29: 257−278.
Rowe, G.T., Sibuet, M. and Vangriesheim, A., 1986. Domains of
occupation of abyssal scavengers inferred from baited cameras
and traps on the Demerara Abyssal Plain. Deep-Sea Res., 33:
501−522.
Rowe, G.T., Sibuet, M., Deming, J.W., Khripounoff, A., Tietjen, J.H.,
Macko, S.A. and Theroux, R., 1991. ‘Total’ sediment biomass and
preliminary estimates of organic carbon residence time in deep-sea
benthos. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 79: 99−114.
Rutgers van der Loeff, M.M. and Lavaleye, M.S.S., 1986. Sediments,
Fauna and the Dispersal of Radionuclides at the N.E. Atlantic
Dumpsite for Low-Level Radioactive Waste. Netherlands Institute
for Sea Research, 134 pp.
Sainte-Marie, B., 1992. Foraging of scavenging deep-sea lysianassoid
amphipods. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 105−124.
Sanders, H.L., 1969. Benthic marine diversity and the time-stability
hypothesis. Brookhaven Symp. Biol., 22: 71−81.
Sanders, H.L. and Hessler, R.R., 1969. Ecology of the deep-sea
benthos. Science, 163: 1419−1424.
Sanders, H.L., Hessler, R.R. and Hampson, G.R., 1965. An
introduction to the study of the deep-sea benthic faunal
assemblages along the Gay Head, Bermuda transect. Deep-Sea
Res., 12: 845−867.
Sathyendranath, S., Longhurst, A.R., Caverhill, C.M. and Platt, T.,
1995. Regionally and seasonally differentiated primary production
in the North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 42: 1773−1802.
Sayles, F.L., Martin, W.R. and Deuser, W.G., 1994. Response of
benthic oxygen demand to particulate organic carbon supply in
the deep sea near Bermuda. Nature, 371: 686−689.
Scanlon, K.M., 1984. The continental slope off New England: a
long-range sidescan sonar perspective. Geo-Mar. Lett., 4: 1−14.
Schaff, T., Levin, L.A., Blair, N.E., DeMaster, D.J., Pope, R.H.
and Boehme, S.E., 1992. Spatial heterogeneity of benthos on the
Carolina continental slope: large (100 km)-scale variation. Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser., 88: 143−160.
Schmitz, W.J., 1995. On the interbasin-scale thermocline circulation.
Rev. Geophys., 33: 151−173.
Schmitz, W.J., Joyce, T.M., Wright, W.R. and Hogg, N.G., 1987.
Physical oceanography. In: J.D. Milliman and W. Redwood Wright
(Editors), The Marine Environment of the US Atlantic Continental
Slope and Rise. Jones and Bartlett Publications, Boston, pp. 27–
55.
Schr¨ oder, C.J., 1986. Deep-water arenaceous foraminifera in
the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Canadian Technical Report of
Hydrography and Ocean Sciences, 71: i-vii, pp. 1–190.
Schr¨ oder, C.J., Scott, D.B., Medioli, F.S., Bernstein, B.B. and
Hessler, R.R., 1988. Larger agglutinated foraminifera: comparison
of assemblages from central North Pacific and western North
Atlantic (Nares Abyssal Plain). J. Foraminiferal Res., 18: 25−41.
Schr¨ oder, C.J., Scott, D.B. and Medioli, F.S., 1989. Fragile abyssal
foraminifera (including new Komokiacea) for the Nares Abyssal
Plain. Micropaleontology, 35: 10−48.
Shannon, L.V. and Nelson, G., 1996. The Benguela: large scale
features and processes and system variability. In: G. Wefer, W.H.
Berger, G. Siedler and D.J. Webb (Editors), The South Atlantic:
Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin, pp. 163–210.
Sibuet, M., 1977. Repartition et diversit´ e des echinoderms en
zone profonde dans le Golfe de Gascogne. Deep-Sea Res., 24:
549−563.
Sibuet, M., 1979. Distribution and diversity of asteroids in Atlantic
Abyssal Plains. Sarsia, 64: 85−92.
Sibuet, M., 1985. Quantitative distribution of echinoderms
(Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea) in relation
to organic matter in the sediment in deep basins of the
Atlantic Ocean. In: B.F. Keegan and B.D.S. O’Connor (Editors),
Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference
Galway, 24–29 September 1984. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam,
pp. 99–108.
Sibuet, M. and Coic, D., 1989. Photographic prospection of the NEA
dumpsite in the northeast Atlantic: quantitative distribution of
epibenthic megafauna. In: F. Nuffeler and W. Simmons (Editors),
Interim Oceanographic Description of the Northeast Atlantic Site
for the Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Waste, Vol. 3. Nuclear
Energy Agency/OECD, Paris, pp. 167–177.
Sibuet, M. and Olu, K., 1998. Biogeography, biodiversity and fluid
dependence of deep-sea cold-seep communities at active and
passive margins. Deep-Sea Res. II, 45: 517−567.
Sibuet, M. and Segonzac, M., 1985. Abondance et r´ epartition de
l’´ epifaune m´ egabenthique. In: L. Laubier and C. Monniot (Editors),
Peuplements Profonds du Golfe de Gascogne. Institut Fran¸ caise de
Recherche pour l’Exploration de la Mer, Brest, pp. 143–156.
Sibuet, M., Monniot, C., Desbruy` eres, D., Dinet, A., Khripounoff, A.,
Rowe, G.T. and Segonzac, M., 1984. Peuplements benthiques et
caract´ eristiques trophiques au milieu dans la plaine abyssale de
Demerara dans l’oc´ ean Atlantique. Oceanol. Acta, 7: 345−358.
Sibuet, M., Lambert, C.E., Chesselet, R. and Laubier, L., 1989.
Density of the major size groups of benthic fauna and trophic
input in deep basins of the Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res., 47:
851−867.
Sibuet, M., Albert, P., Charmasson, S.S., Deming, J.W., Dinet, A.,
Gal´ eron, J., Guidi-Guilvard, L. and Mahaut, M.-L., 1993. The
benthic ecosystem in three EUMELI sites in the northeast tropical
Atlantic: general perspectives and initial results on biological
abundance and activities. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr., 69: 21−33.
Sieburth, J.McN. and Dietz, A.S., 1972. Biodeterioration in the sea
and its inhibition. In: R.R. Colwell and R.Y. Morita (Editors), Effect
of Ocean Environment on Microbial Activity. University Park Press,
Baltimore, pp. 318–326.
Simms, R.W., Weaver, P.P.E., Kidd, R.B. and Jones, E.J.W., 1991.
Late Quaternary mass movement on the lower continental rise and
abyssal plain off Western Sahara. Sedimentology, 38: 27−40.
Smith, A., Priede, I.G., Bagley, P.M. and Addison, S.W., 1997a.
Interception and dispersal of artificial food falls by scavenging
fishes in the abyssal Northeast Atlantic: early-season observations
prior to annual deposition of phytodetritus. Mar. Biol., 128:
329−336.