172
Lisa A. LEVIN and Andrew J. GOODAY
of biological reworking in the context of radioactive waste disposal.
J. Environ. Radioactivity, 2: 115−134.
Khripounoff, A., Desbruy` eres, D. and Chardy, R., 1980. Les
peuplement benthiques de la faille Vema: donn´ ees quantitatives et
bilan d’´ energie en milieu abyssal. Oceanol. Acta, 3: 1863−1896.
Kukert, H. and Smith, C.R., 1992. Disturbance, colonization and
succession in a deep-sea sediment community: artificial-mound
experiments. Deep-Sea Res., 39: 1349−1371.
Lai, D.Y., 1984. Mean current flow and variabilities in the deep
Western Boundary Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14: 1488−1498.
Lambshead, P.J.D. and Gooday, A.J., 1990. The impact of seasonally
deposited phytodetritus on epifaunal and shallow infaunal benthic
foraminiferal populations in the bathyal northeast Atlantic: the
assemblage response. Deep-Sea Res., 37: 1263−1283.
Lambshead, P.J.D., Ferrero, T.J. and Wolff, G.A., 1995. Comparison of
the vertical distribution of nematodes from two contrasting abyssal
sites in the northeast Atlantic subject to differing seasonal inputs
of phytodetritus. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80: 327−331.
Lamont, P.A., Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1995. Deep-sea
macrobenthic communities at contrasting sites off Portugal,
preliminary results: II spatial dispersion. Int. Rev. Gesamten
Hydrobiol., 80: 251−265.
Lampitt, R.S., 1985. Evidence for the seasonal deposition of detritus
to the deep-sea floor and its subsequent resuspension. Deep-Sea
Res., 32A: 885−897.
Lampitt, R.S., 1990. Directly measured rapid growth of a deep-sea
barnacle. Nature, 345: 805−807.
Lampitt, R.S. and Antia, A.N., 1997. Particle flux in deep seas:
regional characteristics and temporal variability. Deep-Sea Res.,
44: 1377−1403.
Lampitt, R.S. and Billett, D.S.M., 1985. Deep-sea echinoderms: a
time and motion study. In: B.F. Keegan and B.D.S. O’Connor
(Editors), Echinodermata. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 160.
Lampitt, R.S. and Burnham, M.P., 1983. A free fall time lapse
camera and current meter system ‘Bathysnap’ with notes on the
foraging behaviour of a bathyal decapod shrimp. Deep-Sea Res.,
30: 1009−1017.
Lampitt, R.S., Merrett, N.R. and Thurston, M.H., 1983. Inter-relations
of necrophagous amphipods, a fish predator, and tidal currents in
the deep sea. Mar. Biol., 74: 73−78.
Lampitt, R.S., Billett, D.S.M. and Rice, A.L., 1986. Biomass of the
invertebrate megabenthos from 500 to 4100 m in the northeast
Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol., 93: 69−81.
Lampitt, R.S., Raine, R.C.T., Billett, D.S.M. and Rice, A.L., 1995.
Material supply to the European continental slope: a budget based
on benthic oxygen demand and organic supply. Deep-Sea Res. I,
42: 1865−1880.
Laubier, L. and Monniot, C. (Editors), 1985. Peuplements Profonds
du Golfe de Gascogne. Institut Fran¸ caise de Recherche pour
l’Exploration de la Mer, Brest, 629 pp.
Laubier, L. and Sibuet, M., 1979. Ecology of the benthic communities
of the deep North East Atlantic. Ambio Spec. Rep., 6: 37−42.
Lauerman, L.M.L., Smoak, J.M., Shaw, T.J., Moore, W.S. and Smith
Jr., K.L., 1997. 234Th and 210Pb evidence for rapid ingestion of
settling particles by mobile epifauna in the abyssal NE Pacific.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 42: 589−595.
Le Danois, E., 1948. Les Profondeurs de la Mer. Payot, Paris, 303
pp.
Levin, L.A. and DiBacco, C., 1995. Influence of sediment transport on
short-term recolonization by seamount infauna. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 123: 163−175.
Levin, L.A. and Smith, C.R., 1984. Response of background fauna
to disturbance and enrichment in the deep sea: a sediment tray
experiment. Deep-Sea Res., 31: 1277−1285.
Levin, L.A., Blair, N.E., DeMaster, D.J., Plaia, G.R., Fornes, W.L.,
Martin, C.M. and Thomas, C.J., 1997. Rapid subduction of organic
matter by maldanid polychaetes on the North Carolina slope. J.
Mar. Res., 55: 595−611.
Levin, L.A., Blair, N.E., Martin, C.M., DeMaster, D.J., Plaia, G.R.
and Thomas, C.J., 1999. Macrofaunal processing of phytodetritus
at two sites on the Carolina margin. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 182:
37−54.
Linke, P., 1992. Metabolic adaptations of deep-sea benthic
foraminifera to seasonally varying food input. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 81: 51−63.
Linke, P., Altenbach, A.V., Graf, G. and Heeger, T., 1995. Response of
deep-sea benthic foraminifera to a simulated sedimentation event.
J. Foraminiferal Res., 25: 75−82.
Lochte, K., 1992. Bacterial standing stock and consumption of
organic carbon in the benthic boundary layer of the abyssal
North Atlantic. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic,
Dordrecht, pp. 1–10.
Lochte, K. and Turley, C.M., 1988. Bacteria and cyanobacteria
associated with phytodetritus in the deep sea. Nature London,
333: 67−69.
Longhurst, A.R., 1995. Seasonal cycles of pelagic production and
consumption. Prog. Oceanogr., 36: 77−167.
Longhurst, A.R., 1998. Ecological Geography of the Oceans.
Academic Press, San Diego, 398 pp.
Longhurst, A.R. and Harrison, W.G., 1988. Vertical nitrogen flux
from the oceanic photic zone by diel migrant zooplankton and
nekton. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 881−889.
Longhurst, A.R., Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T. and Caverhill, C.M.,
1995. An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from
satellite radiometer data. J. Plankton Res., 17: 1245−1271.
Lutze, G.F., 1980. Depth distribution of benthic foraminifera on the
continental margin off NW Africa. Meteor Forschungsergeb. Reihe
C, 32: 31−80.
Lutze, G.F. and Coulbourne, W.T., 1984. Recent benthic foraminifera
from the continental margin of northwest Africa: community
structure and distribution. Mar. Micropaleontol., 8: 361−401.
Maciolek, N.J., Grassle, J.F., Hecker, B., Boehm, P.D., Brown, B.,
Dade, B., Steinhauer, W.G., Baptiste, E., Ruff, R.E. and
Petrecca, R.F., 1987a. Study of Biological Processes on the
U.S. North Atlantic Slope and Rise. Report prepared for U.S.
Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service,
Washington, DC (Contract No. 14−12−0001−30064), 314 pp. +
Appendices A–M, NTIS No. PB 88−196514/AS.
Maciolek, N.J., Grassle, J.F., Hecker, B., Brown, B., Blake, J.A.,
Boehm, P.D., Petrecca, R.F., Duffy, S., Baptiste, E. and Ruff, R.E.,
1987b. Study of Biological Processes on the U.S. North Atlantic
Slope and Rise. Report prepared for U.S. Department of the
Interior, Minerals Management Service, Washington, DC (Contract
No. 14−12−0001−30064), 364 pp. + Appendices A–L, NTIS No.
PB 88−196514/AS.
Mackensen, A., Schmield, G., Harloff, J. and Giese, M., 1995.
Lisa A. LEVIN and Andrew J. GOODAY
of biological reworking in the context of radioactive waste disposal.
J. Environ. Radioactivity, 2: 115−134.
Khripounoff, A., Desbruy` eres, D. and Chardy, R., 1980. Les
peuplement benthiques de la faille Vema: donn´ ees quantitatives et
bilan d’´ energie en milieu abyssal. Oceanol. Acta, 3: 1863−1896.
Kukert, H. and Smith, C.R., 1992. Disturbance, colonization and
succession in a deep-sea sediment community: artificial-mound
experiments. Deep-Sea Res., 39: 1349−1371.
Lai, D.Y., 1984. Mean current flow and variabilities in the deep
Western Boundary Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14: 1488−1498.
Lambshead, P.J.D. and Gooday, A.J., 1990. The impact of seasonally
deposited phytodetritus on epifaunal and shallow infaunal benthic
foraminiferal populations in the bathyal northeast Atlantic: the
assemblage response. Deep-Sea Res., 37: 1263−1283.
Lambshead, P.J.D., Ferrero, T.J. and Wolff, G.A., 1995. Comparison of
the vertical distribution of nematodes from two contrasting abyssal
sites in the northeast Atlantic subject to differing seasonal inputs
of phytodetritus. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol., 80: 327−331.
Lamont, P.A., Gage, J.D. and Tyler, P.A., 1995. Deep-sea
macrobenthic communities at contrasting sites off Portugal,
preliminary results: II spatial dispersion. Int. Rev. Gesamten
Hydrobiol., 80: 251−265.
Lampitt, R.S., 1985. Evidence for the seasonal deposition of detritus
to the deep-sea floor and its subsequent resuspension. Deep-Sea
Res., 32A: 885−897.
Lampitt, R.S., 1990. Directly measured rapid growth of a deep-sea
barnacle. Nature, 345: 805−807.
Lampitt, R.S. and Antia, A.N., 1997. Particle flux in deep seas:
regional characteristics and temporal variability. Deep-Sea Res.,
44: 1377−1403.
Lampitt, R.S. and Billett, D.S.M., 1985. Deep-sea echinoderms: a
time and motion study. In: B.F. Keegan and B.D.S. O’Connor
(Editors), Echinodermata. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, p. 160.
Lampitt, R.S. and Burnham, M.P., 1983. A free fall time lapse
camera and current meter system ‘Bathysnap’ with notes on the
foraging behaviour of a bathyal decapod shrimp. Deep-Sea Res.,
30: 1009−1017.
Lampitt, R.S., Merrett, N.R. and Thurston, M.H., 1983. Inter-relations
of necrophagous amphipods, a fish predator, and tidal currents in
the deep sea. Mar. Biol., 74: 73−78.
Lampitt, R.S., Billett, D.S.M. and Rice, A.L., 1986. Biomass of the
invertebrate megabenthos from 500 to 4100 m in the northeast
Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Biol., 93: 69−81.
Lampitt, R.S., Raine, R.C.T., Billett, D.S.M. and Rice, A.L., 1995.
Material supply to the European continental slope: a budget based
on benthic oxygen demand and organic supply. Deep-Sea Res. I,
42: 1865−1880.
Laubier, L. and Monniot, C. (Editors), 1985. Peuplements Profonds
du Golfe de Gascogne. Institut Fran¸ caise de Recherche pour
l’Exploration de la Mer, Brest, 629 pp.
Laubier, L. and Sibuet, M., 1979. Ecology of the benthic communities
of the deep North East Atlantic. Ambio Spec. Rep., 6: 37−42.
Lauerman, L.M.L., Smoak, J.M., Shaw, T.J., Moore, W.S. and Smith
Jr., K.L., 1997. 234Th and 210Pb evidence for rapid ingestion of
settling particles by mobile epifauna in the abyssal NE Pacific.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 42: 589−595.
Le Danois, E., 1948. Les Profondeurs de la Mer. Payot, Paris, 303
pp.
Levin, L.A. and DiBacco, C., 1995. Influence of sediment transport on
short-term recolonization by seamount infauna. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 123: 163−175.
Levin, L.A. and Smith, C.R., 1984. Response of background fauna
to disturbance and enrichment in the deep sea: a sediment tray
experiment. Deep-Sea Res., 31: 1277−1285.
Levin, L.A., Blair, N.E., DeMaster, D.J., Plaia, G.R., Fornes, W.L.,
Martin, C.M. and Thomas, C.J., 1997. Rapid subduction of organic
matter by maldanid polychaetes on the North Carolina slope. J.
Mar. Res., 55: 595−611.
Levin, L.A., Blair, N.E., Martin, C.M., DeMaster, D.J., Plaia, G.R.
and Thomas, C.J., 1999. Macrofaunal processing of phytodetritus
at two sites on the Carolina margin. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 182:
37−54.
Linke, P., 1992. Metabolic adaptations of deep-sea benthic
foraminifera to seasonally varying food input. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 81: 51−63.
Linke, P., Altenbach, A.V., Graf, G. and Heeger, T., 1995. Response of
deep-sea benthic foraminifera to a simulated sedimentation event.
J. Foraminiferal Res., 25: 75−82.
Lochte, K., 1992. Bacterial standing stock and consumption of
organic carbon in the benthic boundary layer of the abyssal
North Atlantic. In: G.T. Rowe and V. Pariente (Editors), Deep-Sea
Food Chains and the Global Carbon Cycle. Kluwer Academic,
Dordrecht, pp. 1–10.
Lochte, K. and Turley, C.M., 1988. Bacteria and cyanobacteria
associated with phytodetritus in the deep sea. Nature London,
333: 67−69.
Longhurst, A.R., 1995. Seasonal cycles of pelagic production and
consumption. Prog. Oceanogr., 36: 77−167.
Longhurst, A.R., 1998. Ecological Geography of the Oceans.
Academic Press, San Diego, 398 pp.
Longhurst, A.R. and Harrison, W.G., 1988. Vertical nitrogen flux
from the oceanic photic zone by diel migrant zooplankton and
nekton. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 881−889.
Longhurst, A.R., Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T. and Caverhill, C.M.,
1995. An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from
satellite radiometer data. J. Plankton Res., 17: 1245−1271.
Lutze, G.F., 1980. Depth distribution of benthic foraminifera on the
continental margin off NW Africa. Meteor Forschungsergeb. Reihe
C, 32: 31−80.
Lutze, G.F. and Coulbourne, W.T., 1984. Recent benthic foraminifera
from the continental margin of northwest Africa: community
structure and distribution. Mar. Micropaleontol., 8: 361−401.
Maciolek, N.J., Grassle, J.F., Hecker, B., Boehm, P.D., Brown, B.,
Dade, B., Steinhauer, W.G., Baptiste, E., Ruff, R.E. and
Petrecca, R.F., 1987a. Study of Biological Processes on the
U.S. North Atlantic Slope and Rise. Report prepared for U.S.
Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service,
Washington, DC (Contract No. 14−12−0001−30064), 314 pp. +
Appendices A–M, NTIS No. PB 88−196514/AS.
Maciolek, N.J., Grassle, J.F., Hecker, B., Brown, B., Blake, J.A.,
Boehm, P.D., Petrecca, R.F., Duffy, S., Baptiste, E. and Ruff, R.E.,
1987b. Study of Biological Processes on the U.S. North Atlantic
Slope and Rise. Report prepared for U.S. Department of the
Interior, Minerals Management Service, Washington, DC (Contract
No. 14−12−0001−30064), 364 pp. + Appendices A–L, NTIS No.
PB 88−196514/AS.
Mackensen, A., Schmield, G., Harloff, J. and Giese, M., 1995.