108
Verena TUNNICLIFFE et al.
and the antiquity of hydrothermal vent endemic gastropods. Mol.
Phylogenet. Evol., 13: 255−274.
McArthur, A.G. and Tunnicliffe, V., 1998. Relics and antiquity
revisited in the modern vent fauna. In: K. Harrison and R. Mills
(Editors), Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological
Record. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 148: 271−291.
McCollom, T.M. and Shock, E.L., 1997. Geochemical constraints
on chemolithoautotrophic metabolism by microorganisms in
seafloor hydrothermal systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61:
4375−4392.
McHugh, D., 1997. Molecular evidence that echiurans and
pogonophorans are derived annelids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,
94: 8006−8009.
McHugh, D. and Tunnicliffe, V., 1994. Ecology and reproductive
biology of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Amphisamytha
galapagensis (Ampharetidae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 106:
111−120.
Mullineaux, L.S. and France, S.C., 1995. Dispersal mechanisms
of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. In: S.E. Humphris,
R.A. Zierenberg, L.S. Mullineaux and R.E. Thomson (Editors),
Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological
and Geological Interactions. Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys.
Union, 91: 408−424.
Naganuma, T., Wada, H. and Fujioka, K., 1996. Biological community
and sediment fatty acids associated with the deep-sea whale
skeleton at the Torishima Seamount. J. Oceanogr., 52: 1−15.
Nisbet, E.G. and Fowler, C.M.R., 1996. The hydrothermal imprint on
life: did heat-shock proteins, metalloproteins and photosynthesis
begin around hydrothermal vents? In: C.J. MacLeod, P.A. Tyler
and C.L. Walker (Editors), Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal and
Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges. Geol. Soc. Spec.
Publ., 118: 239−251.
Nix, E.R., Fisher, C.R., Vodenichar, J.S. and Scott, K.M.,
1995. Physiological ecology of a mussel with methanotrophic
endosymbionts at three hydrocarbon seep sites in the Gulf of
Mexico. Mar. Biol., 122: 605−617.
Olu, K., Duperret, A., Sibuet, M., Foucher, J.-P. and Fiala-M´ edioni,
A., 1996a. Structure and distribution of cold seep communities
along the Peruvian active margin: relationship to geological and
fluid patterns. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 132: 109−125.
Olu, K., Sibuet, M., Harmegnies, F., Foucher, J.-P. and Fiala-M´ edioni,
A., 1996b. Spatial distribution of diverse cold seep communities
living on various diapiric structures of the southern Barbados
prism. Prog. Oceanogr., 38: 347−376.
Olu, K., Lance, S., Sibuet, M., Henry, P., Fiala-M´ edioni, A. and
Dinet, A., 1997. Cold seep communities as indicators of fluid
expulsion patterns through mud volcanoes seaward of the Barbados
accretionary prism. Deep-Sea Res., 44: 811−841.
O’Neill, P.J., Jinks, R.N., Herzog, E.D., Battelle, B.-A., Kass, L.,
Renninger, G.H. and Chamberlain, S.C., 1995. The morphology
of the dorsal eye of the hydrothermal vent shrimp, Rimicaris
exoculata. Visual Neurosci., 12: 861−875.
Page, H.M., Fisher, C.R. and Childress, J.J., 1990. Role of filterfeeding in the nutritional biology of a deep-sea mussel with
methanotrophic symbionts. Mar. Biol., 104: 251−257.
Parkes, R.J., Cragg, B.A., Bale, S.J., Getliff, J.M., Goodman, K.,
Rochelle, P.A., Fry, J.C., Weightman, A.J. and Harvey, S.M., 1994.
Deep bacterial biosphere in Pacific ocean sediments. Nature, 371:
410−413.
Parkes, R.J., Cragg, B.A. and Wellsbury, P., 2000. Recent studies
on bacterial populations and processes in subseafloor sediments:
a review. Hydrogeol. J., 8: 11−28.
Peek, A.S., Gustafson, R.G., Lutz, R.A. and Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1997.
Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea hydrothermal vent and
cold-water seep clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae): results from the
mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Mar. Biol., 130: 151.
Pelli, D.G. and Chamberlain, S.C., 1989. The visibility of 360ºC
black-body radiation by the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and man.
Nature, 337: 460−461.
Polz, M.F., Robinson, J.J., Cavanaugh, C.M. and Van Dover, C.L.,
1998. Trophic ecology of massive shrimp aggregations at a MidAtlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent site. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43:
1631−1638.
Pond, D.W., Segonzac, M., Bell, M.V., Dixon, D.R., Fallick, A.E.
and Sargent, J.R., 1997a. Lipid and lipid carbon stable isotope
composition of the hydrothermal vent shrimp Mirocaris fortunata:
evidence for nutritional dependence on photosynthetically fixed
carbon. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 157: 221–231.
Pond, D.W., Dixon, D.R. and Sargent, J.R., 1997b. Wax-ester reserves
facilitate dispersal of hydrothermal vent shrimps. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 146: 289–290.
Pond, D.W., Bell, M.V., Dixon, D.R., Fallick, A.E., Segonzac, M. and
Sargent, J.R., 1998. Stable-carbon isotope composition of fatty
acids in hydrothermal vent mussels containing methanotrophic
and thiotrophic bacterial endosymbionts. App. Env. Microbiol., 64:
370–375.
Reid, R.G.B. and Brand, D.G., 1986. Sulfide-oxidizing symbiosis
in Lucinaceans: implications for bibalve evolution. Veliger, 29:
3−24.
Rhoads, D.C. and Morse, J.W., 1971. Evolutionary and ecologic
significance of oxygen-deficient marine basins. Lethaia, 4:
413−428.
Roberts, H.H. and Carney, R.S., 1997. Evidence of episodic fluid, gas,
and sediment venting on the Northern Gulf of Mexico continental
slope. Econ. Geol., 92: 863−879.
Rosenberg, R., Arntz, W.E., Chuman de Flores, E., Flores, L.A.,
Carbajal, G., Finger, I. and Tarazona, J., 1983. Benthos biomass
and oxygen deficiency in the upwelling system off Peru. J. Mar.
Res., 41: 263−279.
Rosman, I., Boland, G.S. and Baker, J.S., 1987. Epifaunal
aggregations of Vesicomyidae on the continental slope off
Louisiana. Deep-Sea Res., 34: 1811−1820.
Roth, S.E. and Dymond, J., 1989. Transport and settling of organic
material in a deep-sea hydrothermal plume: evidence from particle
flux measurements. Deep-Sea Res., 36: 1237−1254.
Rouse, G.W. and Fauchald, K., 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes.
Zool. Scr., 26: 139−204.
Roux, M., Rio, M., Schein, E., Lutz, R.A., Fritz, L.W. and Ragone,
L.M., 1989. Mesures in situ de la croissance des bivalves et des
vestimentif` eres et de la corrosion des coquilles au site hydrothermal
de 13ºN (dorsale du Pacifique oriental). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris
Ser. III, 308: 121−127.
Sakai, H., Gamo, T., Kim, E.-S., Tsutsumi, M., Tanaka, T., Ishibashi,
J., Wakita, H., Yamano, M. and Oomori, T., 1990. Venting of
carbon dioxide-rich fluid and hydrate formation in mid-Okinawa
Trough backarc basin. Science, 248: 1093−1096.
Sarrazin, J., Robigou, V., Juniper, S.K. and Delaney, J., 1997.
Biological and geological dynamics over four years on a
Verena TUNNICLIFFE et al.
and the antiquity of hydrothermal vent endemic gastropods. Mol.
Phylogenet. Evol., 13: 255−274.
McArthur, A.G. and Tunnicliffe, V., 1998. Relics and antiquity
revisited in the modern vent fauna. In: K. Harrison and R. Mills
(Editors), Modern Ocean Floor Processes and the Geological
Record. Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 148: 271−291.
McCollom, T.M. and Shock, E.L., 1997. Geochemical constraints
on chemolithoautotrophic metabolism by microorganisms in
seafloor hydrothermal systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61:
4375−4392.
McHugh, D., 1997. Molecular evidence that echiurans and
pogonophorans are derived annelids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,
94: 8006−8009.
McHugh, D. and Tunnicliffe, V., 1994. Ecology and reproductive
biology of the hydrothermal vent polychaete Amphisamytha
galapagensis (Ampharetidae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 106:
111−120.
Mullineaux, L.S. and France, S.C., 1995. Dispersal mechanisms
of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna. In: S.E. Humphris,
R.A. Zierenberg, L.S. Mullineaux and R.E. Thomson (Editors),
Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological
and Geological Interactions. Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys.
Union, 91: 408−424.
Naganuma, T., Wada, H. and Fujioka, K., 1996. Biological community
and sediment fatty acids associated with the deep-sea whale
skeleton at the Torishima Seamount. J. Oceanogr., 52: 1−15.
Nisbet, E.G. and Fowler, C.M.R., 1996. The hydrothermal imprint on
life: did heat-shock proteins, metalloproteins and photosynthesis
begin around hydrothermal vents? In: C.J. MacLeod, P.A. Tyler
and C.L. Walker (Editors), Tectonic, Magmatic, Hydrothermal and
Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges. Geol. Soc. Spec.
Publ., 118: 239−251.
Nix, E.R., Fisher, C.R., Vodenichar, J.S. and Scott, K.M.,
1995. Physiological ecology of a mussel with methanotrophic
endosymbionts at three hydrocarbon seep sites in the Gulf of
Mexico. Mar. Biol., 122: 605−617.
Olu, K., Duperret, A., Sibuet, M., Foucher, J.-P. and Fiala-M´ edioni,
A., 1996a. Structure and distribution of cold seep communities
along the Peruvian active margin: relationship to geological and
fluid patterns. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 132: 109−125.
Olu, K., Sibuet, M., Harmegnies, F., Foucher, J.-P. and Fiala-M´ edioni,
A., 1996b. Spatial distribution of diverse cold seep communities
living on various diapiric structures of the southern Barbados
prism. Prog. Oceanogr., 38: 347−376.
Olu, K., Lance, S., Sibuet, M., Henry, P., Fiala-M´ edioni, A. and
Dinet, A., 1997. Cold seep communities as indicators of fluid
expulsion patterns through mud volcanoes seaward of the Barbados
accretionary prism. Deep-Sea Res., 44: 811−841.
O’Neill, P.J., Jinks, R.N., Herzog, E.D., Battelle, B.-A., Kass, L.,
Renninger, G.H. and Chamberlain, S.C., 1995. The morphology
of the dorsal eye of the hydrothermal vent shrimp, Rimicaris
exoculata. Visual Neurosci., 12: 861−875.
Page, H.M., Fisher, C.R. and Childress, J.J., 1990. Role of filterfeeding in the nutritional biology of a deep-sea mussel with
methanotrophic symbionts. Mar. Biol., 104: 251−257.
Parkes, R.J., Cragg, B.A., Bale, S.J., Getliff, J.M., Goodman, K.,
Rochelle, P.A., Fry, J.C., Weightman, A.J. and Harvey, S.M., 1994.
Deep bacterial biosphere in Pacific ocean sediments. Nature, 371:
410−413.
Parkes, R.J., Cragg, B.A. and Wellsbury, P., 2000. Recent studies
on bacterial populations and processes in subseafloor sediments:
a review. Hydrogeol. J., 8: 11−28.
Peek, A.S., Gustafson, R.G., Lutz, R.A. and Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1997.
Evolutionary relationships of deep-sea hydrothermal vent and
cold-water seep clams (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae): results from the
mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Mar. Biol., 130: 151.
Pelli, D.G. and Chamberlain, S.C., 1989. The visibility of 360ºC
black-body radiation by the shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and man.
Nature, 337: 460−461.
Polz, M.F., Robinson, J.J., Cavanaugh, C.M. and Van Dover, C.L.,
1998. Trophic ecology of massive shrimp aggregations at a MidAtlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent site. Limnol. Oceanogr., 43:
1631−1638.
Pond, D.W., Segonzac, M., Bell, M.V., Dixon, D.R., Fallick, A.E.
and Sargent, J.R., 1997a. Lipid and lipid carbon stable isotope
composition of the hydrothermal vent shrimp Mirocaris fortunata:
evidence for nutritional dependence on photosynthetically fixed
carbon. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 157: 221–231.
Pond, D.W., Dixon, D.R. and Sargent, J.R., 1997b. Wax-ester reserves
facilitate dispersal of hydrothermal vent shrimps. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser., 146: 289–290.
Pond, D.W., Bell, M.V., Dixon, D.R., Fallick, A.E., Segonzac, M. and
Sargent, J.R., 1998. Stable-carbon isotope composition of fatty
acids in hydrothermal vent mussels containing methanotrophic
and thiotrophic bacterial endosymbionts. App. Env. Microbiol., 64:
370–375.
Reid, R.G.B. and Brand, D.G., 1986. Sulfide-oxidizing symbiosis
in Lucinaceans: implications for bibalve evolution. Veliger, 29:
3−24.
Rhoads, D.C. and Morse, J.W., 1971. Evolutionary and ecologic
significance of oxygen-deficient marine basins. Lethaia, 4:
413−428.
Roberts, H.H. and Carney, R.S., 1997. Evidence of episodic fluid, gas,
and sediment venting on the Northern Gulf of Mexico continental
slope. Econ. Geol., 92: 863−879.
Rosenberg, R., Arntz, W.E., Chuman de Flores, E., Flores, L.A.,
Carbajal, G., Finger, I. and Tarazona, J., 1983. Benthos biomass
and oxygen deficiency in the upwelling system off Peru. J. Mar.
Res., 41: 263−279.
Rosman, I., Boland, G.S. and Baker, J.S., 1987. Epifaunal
aggregations of Vesicomyidae on the continental slope off
Louisiana. Deep-Sea Res., 34: 1811−1820.
Roth, S.E. and Dymond, J., 1989. Transport and settling of organic
material in a deep-sea hydrothermal plume: evidence from particle
flux measurements. Deep-Sea Res., 36: 1237−1254.
Rouse, G.W. and Fauchald, K., 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes.
Zool. Scr., 26: 139−204.
Roux, M., Rio, M., Schein, E., Lutz, R.A., Fritz, L.W. and Ragone,
L.M., 1989. Mesures in situ de la croissance des bivalves et des
vestimentif` eres et de la corrosion des coquilles au site hydrothermal
de 13ºN (dorsale du Pacifique oriental). C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris
Ser. III, 308: 121−127.
Sakai, H., Gamo, T., Kim, E.-S., Tsutsumi, M., Tanaka, T., Ishibashi,
J., Wakita, H., Yamano, M. and Oomori, T., 1990. Venting of
carbon dioxide-rich fluid and hydrate formation in mid-Okinawa
Trough backarc basin. Science, 248: 1093−1096.
Sarrazin, J., Robigou, V., Juniper, S.K. and Delaney, J., 1997.
Biological and geological dynamics over four years on a