REDUCING ENVIRONMENTS OF THE DEEP-SEA FLOOR
109
high-temperature sulfide structure at the Juan de Fuca Ridge
hydrothermal observatory. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 153: 5−24.
Sarrazin, J., Juniper, S.K., Massoth, G.J. and Legendre, P., 1999.
Physical and chemical factors controlling hydrothermal species
distributions on two sulfide edifices of the Juan de Fuca Ridge,
Northeast Pacific. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 185: 1−19.
Sassen, R., MacDonald, I.R., Requejo, A.G., Guinasso Jr., N.L.,
Kennicutt II, M.C., Sweet, S.T. and Brooks, J.M., 1994. Organic
geochemistry of sediments from chemosynthetic communities,
Gulf of Mexico slope. Geo-Mar. Lett., 14: 110−119.
Schmaljohann, R. and Fl¨ ugel, H., 1987. Methane oxidising bacteria
in Pogonophora. Sarsia, 72: 91−98.
Scott, K.M. and Fisher, C.R., 1995. Physiological ecology of sulfide
metabolism in hydrothermal vent and cold seep vesicomyid clams
and vestimentiferan tube worms. Am. Zool., 35: 102−111.
Segonzac, M., de Saint Laurent, M. and Casanova, B., 1993. The
enigma of the trophic behaviour of Alvinocaridid shrimps from
hydrothermal vent sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cah. Biol.
Mar., 34: 535−571.
Shank, T.M., Fornari, D.J., Von Damm, K.L., Lilley, M.D.,
Haymon, R.M. and Lutz, R.A., 1998. Temporal and spatial
patterns of biological community development at nascent deepsea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise. Deep-Sea
Res., 45: 465−515.
Shank, T.M., Black, M.B., Halanych, K.M., Lutz, R.A. and
Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1999. Miocene radiation of deep-sea
hydrothermal vent shrimp (Caridea: Bresiliidae): evidence from
mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I. Mol. Phylogenet.
Evol., 13: 244−254.
Sibuet, M. and Olu, K., 1998. Biogeography, biodiversity and fluid
dependence of deep-sea cold-seep communities at active and
passive margins. Deep-Sea Res., 45: 517−567.
Sibuet, M., Juniper, S.K. and Pautot, G., 1988. Cold-seep benthic
communities in the Japan subduction zones: geological control of
community development. J. Mar. Res., 46: 333−348.
Simoneit, B.R.T., Lonsdale, P.F., Edmond, J.M. and Shanks III, W.C.,
1990. Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of
California. Appl. Geochem., 5: 41−49.
Smith, C.R. and Baco, A.R., 1998. Phylogenetic and functional
affinities between whale-fall, seep and vent chemoautotrophic
communities. Cah. Biol. Mar., 39: 345−346.
Smith, C.R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A. and Deming,
J.W., 1989. Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341: 27−28.
Smith, C.R., Maybaum, H.L., Baco, A.R., Pope, R.H., Carpenter,
S.D., Yager, P.L., Macko, S.A. and Deming, J.W., 1997. Sediment
community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep northeast
Pacific: macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects. Deep-Sea
Res., 45: 335−364.
Somero, G.N., Childress, J.J. and Anderson, A.E., 1989. Transport,
metabolism and detoxification of hydrogen sulfide in animals from
sulfide-rich marine environments. CRC Crit. Rev. Aquat. Sci., 1:
591−614.
Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Dando, P.R., Rau, G.H., Felbeck,
H. and Fl¨ ugel, H., 1981. Bacterial symbionts and low 13C/12C
ratios in tissues of Pogonophora indicate unusual nutrition and
metabolism. Nature London, 293: 616−620.
Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Spiro, B., Rau, G.H. and
Tunnicliffe, V., 1994. 13 C/ 12 C ratios of organisms from Juan de
Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vents (Northeast Pacific): a guide to
carbon and food sources. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 74: 265−275.
Southward, E.C., 1988. Development of the gut and segmentation
of newly settled stages of Ridgeia (Vestimentifera): implications
for relationship between Vestimentifera and Pogonophora. J. Mar.
Biol. Assoc. UK, 68: 465−487.
Southward, E.C., Tunnicliffe, V. and Black, M., 1995. Revision of the
species of Ridgeia from northeast Pacific hydrothermal vents, with
a redescription of Ridgeia piscesae Jones (Pogonophora: Obturata
= Vestimentifera). Can. J. Zool., 73: 282−295.
Southward, E.C., Tunnicliffe, V., Black, M.B., Dixon, D.R.
and Dixon, L.R.J., 1996. Ocean-ridge segmentation and vent
tubeworms (Vestimentifera) in the NE Pacific. In: C.J. MacLeod,
P.A. Tyler and C.L. Walker (Editors), Tectonic, Magmatic,
Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges.
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 118: 211−224.
Suess, E., Bohrmann, G., Greinert, J. and Lausch, E., 1999.
Flammable ice. Sci. Am., November: 76−83.
Taylor, C.D. and Wirsen, C.O., 1997. Microbiology and ecology of
filamentous sulfur formation. Science, 277: 1483−1485.
Tunnicliffe, V., 1981. High species diversity and abundance of the
epibenthic community in an oxygen-deficient basin. Nature, 294:
354−356.
Tunnicliffe, V. and Jensen, R.G., 1987. Distribution and behaviour
of the spider crab Macroregonia macrochira Sakai (Brachyura)
around the hydrothermal vents of the northeast Pacific. Can. J.
Zool., 65: 2443−2449.
Tunnicliffe, V. and Juniper, S.K., 1990. Dynamic character of the
hydrothermal vent habitat and the nature of sulphide chimney
fauna. Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 1−14.
Tunnicliffe, V., Fowler, C.M.R. and McArthur, A.G., 1996. Plate
tectonic history and hot vent biogeography. In: C.J. MacLeod,
P.A. Tyler and C.L. Walker (Editors), Tectonic, Magmatic,
Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges.
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 118: 225−238.
Tunnicliffe, V., Embley, R.W., Holden, J.F., Butterfield, D.A.,
Massoth, G.J. and Juniper, S.K., 1997. Biological colonization
of new hydrothermal vents following an eruption on Juan de Fuca
Ridge. Deep-Sea Res., 44: 1627−1644.
Tunnicliffe, V., McArthur, A.G. and McHugh, D., 1998. A
biogeographical perspective of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent
fauna. Adv. Mar. Biol., 34: 353−442.
Turner, R.D., 1973. Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in
the deep-sea. Science, 180: 1377−1379.
Tyler, P.A. and Young, C.M., 1999. Reproduction and dispersal at
vents and cold seeps. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 79: 193−208.
Urabe, T., Baker, E.T., Ishibashi, J., Feely, R.A., Marumo, K.,
Massoth, G.J., Maruyama, A., Shitashima, K., Okamura, K.,
Lupton, J.E., Sonoda, A., Yamazaki, T., Aoki, M., Gendron, J.,
Greene, R., Kaiho, Y., Kisimoto, K., Lebon, G.T., Matsumoto, T.,
Nakamura, K., Nishizawa, A., Okano, O., Paradis, G., Roe, K.K.,
Shibata, T., Tennant, D.A., Vance, T., Walker, S.L., Yabuki, T. and
Ytow, N., 1995. The effect of magmatic activity on hydrothermal
venting along the superfast-spreading East Pacific Rise. Science,
269: 1092−1095.
Vacelet, J., Boury-Esnault, N., Fiala-M´ edioni, A. and Fisher, C.R.,
1995. A methanotrophic carnivorous sponge. Nature, 377: 296.
Van Dover, C.L., 2000. The Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal
Vents. Princeton University Press, NJ, 352 pp.
109
high-temperature sulfide structure at the Juan de Fuca Ridge
hydrothermal observatory. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 153: 5−24.
Sarrazin, J., Juniper, S.K., Massoth, G.J. and Legendre, P., 1999.
Physical and chemical factors controlling hydrothermal species
distributions on two sulfide edifices of the Juan de Fuca Ridge,
Northeast Pacific. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 185: 1−19.
Sassen, R., MacDonald, I.R., Requejo, A.G., Guinasso Jr., N.L.,
Kennicutt II, M.C., Sweet, S.T. and Brooks, J.M., 1994. Organic
geochemistry of sediments from chemosynthetic communities,
Gulf of Mexico slope. Geo-Mar. Lett., 14: 110−119.
Schmaljohann, R. and Fl¨ ugel, H., 1987. Methane oxidising bacteria
in Pogonophora. Sarsia, 72: 91−98.
Scott, K.M. and Fisher, C.R., 1995. Physiological ecology of sulfide
metabolism in hydrothermal vent and cold seep vesicomyid clams
and vestimentiferan tube worms. Am. Zool., 35: 102−111.
Segonzac, M., de Saint Laurent, M. and Casanova, B., 1993. The
enigma of the trophic behaviour of Alvinocaridid shrimps from
hydrothermal vent sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Cah. Biol.
Mar., 34: 535−571.
Shank, T.M., Fornari, D.J., Von Damm, K.L., Lilley, M.D.,
Haymon, R.M. and Lutz, R.A., 1998. Temporal and spatial
patterns of biological community development at nascent deepsea hydrothermal vents along the East Pacific Rise. Deep-Sea
Res., 45: 465−515.
Shank, T.M., Black, M.B., Halanych, K.M., Lutz, R.A. and
Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1999. Miocene radiation of deep-sea
hydrothermal vent shrimp (Caridea: Bresiliidae): evidence from
mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I. Mol. Phylogenet.
Evol., 13: 244−254.
Sibuet, M. and Olu, K., 1998. Biogeography, biodiversity and fluid
dependence of deep-sea cold-seep communities at active and
passive margins. Deep-Sea Res., 45: 517−567.
Sibuet, M., Juniper, S.K. and Pautot, G., 1988. Cold-seep benthic
communities in the Japan subduction zones: geological control of
community development. J. Mar. Res., 46: 333−348.
Simoneit, B.R.T., Lonsdale, P.F., Edmond, J.M. and Shanks III, W.C.,
1990. Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of
California. Appl. Geochem., 5: 41−49.
Smith, C.R. and Baco, A.R., 1998. Phylogenetic and functional
affinities between whale-fall, seep and vent chemoautotrophic
communities. Cah. Biol. Mar., 39: 345−346.
Smith, C.R., Kukert, H., Wheatcroft, R.A., Jumars, P.A. and Deming,
J.W., 1989. Vent fauna on whale remains. Nature, 341: 27−28.
Smith, C.R., Maybaum, H.L., Baco, A.R., Pope, R.H., Carpenter,
S.D., Yager, P.L., Macko, S.A. and Deming, J.W., 1997. Sediment
community structure around a whale skeleton in the deep northeast
Pacific: macrofaunal, microbial and bioturbation effects. Deep-Sea
Res., 45: 335−364.
Somero, G.N., Childress, J.J. and Anderson, A.E., 1989. Transport,
metabolism and detoxification of hydrogen sulfide in animals from
sulfide-rich marine environments. CRC Crit. Rev. Aquat. Sci., 1:
591−614.
Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Dando, P.R., Rau, G.H., Felbeck,
H. and Fl¨ ugel, H., 1981. Bacterial symbionts and low 13C/12C
ratios in tissues of Pogonophora indicate unusual nutrition and
metabolism. Nature London, 293: 616−620.
Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Spiro, B., Rau, G.H. and
Tunnicliffe, V., 1994. 13 C/ 12 C ratios of organisms from Juan de
Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vents (Northeast Pacific): a guide to
carbon and food sources. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 74: 265−275.
Southward, E.C., 1988. Development of the gut and segmentation
of newly settled stages of Ridgeia (Vestimentifera): implications
for relationship between Vestimentifera and Pogonophora. J. Mar.
Biol. Assoc. UK, 68: 465−487.
Southward, E.C., Tunnicliffe, V. and Black, M., 1995. Revision of the
species of Ridgeia from northeast Pacific hydrothermal vents, with
a redescription of Ridgeia piscesae Jones (Pogonophora: Obturata
= Vestimentifera). Can. J. Zool., 73: 282−295.
Southward, E.C., Tunnicliffe, V., Black, M.B., Dixon, D.R.
and Dixon, L.R.J., 1996. Ocean-ridge segmentation and vent
tubeworms (Vestimentifera) in the NE Pacific. In: C.J. MacLeod,
P.A. Tyler and C.L. Walker (Editors), Tectonic, Magmatic,
Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges.
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 118: 211−224.
Suess, E., Bohrmann, G., Greinert, J. and Lausch, E., 1999.
Flammable ice. Sci. Am., November: 76−83.
Taylor, C.D. and Wirsen, C.O., 1997. Microbiology and ecology of
filamentous sulfur formation. Science, 277: 1483−1485.
Tunnicliffe, V., 1981. High species diversity and abundance of the
epibenthic community in an oxygen-deficient basin. Nature, 294:
354−356.
Tunnicliffe, V. and Jensen, R.G., 1987. Distribution and behaviour
of the spider crab Macroregonia macrochira Sakai (Brachyura)
around the hydrothermal vents of the northeast Pacific. Can. J.
Zool., 65: 2443−2449.
Tunnicliffe, V. and Juniper, S.K., 1990. Dynamic character of the
hydrothermal vent habitat and the nature of sulphide chimney
fauna. Prog. Oceanogr., 24: 1−14.
Tunnicliffe, V., Fowler, C.M.R. and McArthur, A.G., 1996. Plate
tectonic history and hot vent biogeography. In: C.J. MacLeod,
P.A. Tyler and C.L. Walker (Editors), Tectonic, Magmatic,
Hydrothermal and Biological Segmentation of Mid-Ocean Ridges.
Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 118: 225−238.
Tunnicliffe, V., Embley, R.W., Holden, J.F., Butterfield, D.A.,
Massoth, G.J. and Juniper, S.K., 1997. Biological colonization
of new hydrothermal vents following an eruption on Juan de Fuca
Ridge. Deep-Sea Res., 44: 1627−1644.
Tunnicliffe, V., McArthur, A.G. and McHugh, D., 1998. A
biogeographical perspective of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent
fauna. Adv. Mar. Biol., 34: 353−442.
Turner, R.D., 1973. Wood-boring bivalves, opportunistic species in
the deep-sea. Science, 180: 1377−1379.
Tyler, P.A. and Young, C.M., 1999. Reproduction and dispersal at
vents and cold seeps. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK, 79: 193−208.
Urabe, T., Baker, E.T., Ishibashi, J., Feely, R.A., Marumo, K.,
Massoth, G.J., Maruyama, A., Shitashima, K., Okamura, K.,
Lupton, J.E., Sonoda, A., Yamazaki, T., Aoki, M., Gendron, J.,
Greene, R., Kaiho, Y., Kisimoto, K., Lebon, G.T., Matsumoto, T.,
Nakamura, K., Nishizawa, A., Okano, O., Paradis, G., Roe, K.K.,
Shibata, T., Tennant, D.A., Vance, T., Walker, S.L., Yabuki, T. and
Ytow, N., 1995. The effect of magmatic activity on hydrothermal
venting along the superfast-spreading East Pacific Rise. Science,
269: 1092−1095.
Vacelet, J., Boury-Esnault, N., Fiala-M´ edioni, A. and Fisher, C.R.,
1995. A methanotrophic carnivorous sponge. Nature, 377: 296.
Van Dover, C.L., 2000. The Ecology of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal
Vents. Princeton University Press, NJ, 352 pp.