REDUCING ENVIRONMENTS OF THE DEEP-SEA FLOOR
105
Lindstrom, M.E., 1987. Symbiosis of methylotropic bacteria and
deep-sea mussels. Nature, 325: 346−348.
Chevaldonn´ e, P. and Jollivet, D., 1993. Videoscopic study of deepsea hydrothermal vent alvinellid polychaete populations: biomass
estimation and behaviour. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 95: 251−262.
Chevaldonn´ e, P., Desbruy` eres, D. and Childress, J.J., 1992. Some like
it hot ... and some even hotter. Nature, 359: 593−594.
Childress, J.J. and Fisher, C.R., 1992. The biology of hydrothermal
vent animals: physiology, biochemistry and autotrophic symbioses.
In: M. Barnes (Editor), Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 30:
337−441.
Childress, J.J. and Lowell, W., 1982. The abundance of a sulfideoxidizing symbiosis (the clam Solemya reidi) in relation to
interstitial water chemistry. Am. Zool., 63: 45−56.
Childress, J.J., Fisher, C.R., Brooks, J.M., Kennicutt II, M.C.,
Bidigare, R.R. and Anderson, A.E., 1986. A methanotrophic
marine molluscan (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) symbiosis: mussels fueled
by gas. Science, 233: 1306−1308.
Copley, J.T.P., Tyler, P.A., Murton, B.J. and Van Dover, C.L., 1997.
Spatial and interannual variation in the faunal distribution at
Broken Spur vent field (29ºN, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Mar. Biol.,
129: 723−733.
Corliss, J.B., Dymond, J., Gordon, L.I., Edmond, J.M.,
von Herzen, R.P., Ballard, R.D., Green, K., Williams, D.,
Bainbridge, A., Crane, K. and Andel, T.H., 1979. Submarine
thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift. Science, 203: 1073−1083.
Corliss, J.B., Baross, J.A. and Hoffman, S.E., 1981. An hypothesis
concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the
origin of life on Earth. Oceanol. Acta, 1: 59−69.
Cowen, J.P., Massoth, G.J. and Feely, R.A., 1990. Scavenging rates
of dissolved manganese in a hydrothermal vent plume. Deep-Sea
Res., 37: 1619−1637.
Cowen, J.P., Shackelford, R., McGee, D. and Lam, P., 1999. Microbial
biomass in the hydrothermal plumes associated with the 1998 Axial
Volcano eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26: 3637−3640.
Craddock, C., Hoeh, W.R., Gustafson, R.G., Lutz, R.A., Hashimoto, J.
and Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1995. Evolutionary relationships among
deep-sea mytilids (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents
and cold-water methane/sulfide seeps. Mar. Biol., 121: 477−485.
Dando, P.R., Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Terwilliger, N.B.
and Terwilliger, R.C., 1985. Sulphur-oxidizing bacteria and
haemoglobin in gills of the bivalve mollusc Myrtea spinifera. Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser., 23: 85−98.
Dando, P.R., Southward, A.J. and Southward, E.C., 1986.
Chemoautotrophic symbionts in the gills of the bivalve mollusc
Lucinoma borealis and the sediment chemistry of its habitat. Proc.
R. Soc. London Ser. B, 227: 227−247.
Dando, P.R., Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Dixon, D.R.,
Crawford, A. and Crawford, M., 1992. Shipwrecked tube worms.
Nature, 356: 667.
Dando, P.R., Hughes, J.A. and Thiermann, F., 1995. Preliminary
observations on biological communities at shallow hydrothermal
vents in the Aegean Sea. In: L.M. Parson, C.L. Walker and D.R.
Dixon (Editors), Hydrothermal Vents and Processes. Geol. Soc.
London Spec. Publ., 87: 303−317.
Deming, J.W. and Baross, J.A., 1993. Deep-sea smokers: windows
to a subsurface biosphere? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57:
3219−3230.
Desbruy` eres, D., 1998. Temporal variations in the vent communities
on the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos Spreading Centre: a review
of present knowledge. Cah. Biol. Mar., 39: 241−244.
Desbruy` eres, D. and Laubier, L., 1988. Exploitation d’une source de
mati` ere organique concentr´ ee dans l’oc´ ean profond: intervention
d’une ann´ elide polych` ete nouvelle. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. III,
307: 329−335.
Diaz, R.J. and Rosenberg, R., 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review
of its ecological effects and the behavioral responses of benthic
macrofauna. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 33: 245−303.
Distel, D.L., Ian, D., Olsen, G., Giovannoni, S.J., Pace, B., Pace,
N., Stahl, D. and Felbeck, H., 1988. Sulfur-oxidizing bacterial
endosymbionts: analysis of phylogeny and specificity of 16S-rRNA
sequences. J. Bacteriol., 170: 715−722.
Distel, D.L., Baco, A.R., Chuang, E., Morrill, W., Cavanaugh, C.M.
and Smith, C.R., 2000. Do mussels take wooden steps to deep-sea
vents? Nature, 403: 725−726.
Embley, R.W., Chadwick Jr., W.W., Clague, D. and Stakes, D., 1999.
1998 Eruption of Axial Volcano: multibeam anomalies and seafloor
observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26: 3425−3428.
Felbeck, H., 1981. Chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal
vent tube worms, Riftia pachyptila (Vestimentifera). Science, 213:
336−338.
Feldman, R.A., Black, M.B., Cary, S.C., Lutz, R.A. and
Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1997. Molecular phylogenetics of bacterial
endosymbionts and their vestimentiferan hosts. Mol. Mar. Biol.
Biotech., 6: 268−277.
Fisher, C.R., 1990. Chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbioses
in marine invertebrates. CRC Crit. Rev. Aquat. Sci., 2: 399−436.
Fisher, C.R., 1995. Toward an appreciation of hydrothermal vent
animals: their environment, physiological ecology, and tissue
stable isotope values. In: S.E. Humphris, R.A. Zierenberg,
L.S. Mullineaux and R.E. Thomson (Editors), Seafloor
Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological and
Geological Interactions. Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys. Union,
91: 297−316.
Fisher, C.R., 1997. Ecophysiology of primary production at
deep-sea vents and seeps. In: F. Uiblein, J. Ott and
M. Stachowitisch (Editors), Deep-Sea and Extreme Shallow-Water
Habitats: Affinities and Adaptations. Biosystematics and Ecology,
Series 11: 313−336.
Fisher, C.R., Childress, J.J., Arp, A.J., Brooks, J.M., Distel, D.L.,
Dugan, J.A., Felbeck, H., Fritz, L.W., Hessler, R.R., Johnson, K.S.,
Kennicutt II, M.C., Lutz, R.A., Macko, S.A., Newton, A.,
Powell, M.A., Somero, G.N. and Soto, T., 1988a. Variation in
the hydrothermal vent clam, Calyptogen[a] magnifica, at the Rose
Garden vent on the Galapagos spreading center. Deep-Sea Res.,
35: 1811−1831.
Fisher, C.R., Childress, J.J., Arp, A.J., Brooks, J.M., Distel, D.L.,
Favuzzi, J.A., Felbeck, H., Hessler, R.R., Johnson, K.S.,
Kennicutt II, M.C., Newton, A., Powell, M.A., Somero, G.N. and
Soto, T., 1988b. Microhabitat variation in the hydrothermal-vent
mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus, at the Rose Garden vent on
the Galapagos Rift. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 1769−1791.
Fornari, D.J. and Embley, R.W., 1995. Tectonic and volcanic controls
on hydrothermal processes at the mid-ocean ridge: an overview
based on near-bottom and submersible studies. In: S.E. Humphris,
R.A. Zierenberg, L.S. Mullineaux and R.E. Thomson (Editors),
Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological
105
Lindstrom, M.E., 1987. Symbiosis of methylotropic bacteria and
deep-sea mussels. Nature, 325: 346−348.
Chevaldonn´ e, P. and Jollivet, D., 1993. Videoscopic study of deepsea hydrothermal vent alvinellid polychaete populations: biomass
estimation and behaviour. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 95: 251−262.
Chevaldonn´ e, P., Desbruy` eres, D. and Childress, J.J., 1992. Some like
it hot ... and some even hotter. Nature, 359: 593−594.
Childress, J.J. and Fisher, C.R., 1992. The biology of hydrothermal
vent animals: physiology, biochemistry and autotrophic symbioses.
In: M. Barnes (Editor), Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 30:
337−441.
Childress, J.J. and Lowell, W., 1982. The abundance of a sulfideoxidizing symbiosis (the clam Solemya reidi) in relation to
interstitial water chemistry. Am. Zool., 63: 45−56.
Childress, J.J., Fisher, C.R., Brooks, J.M., Kennicutt II, M.C.,
Bidigare, R.R. and Anderson, A.E., 1986. A methanotrophic
marine molluscan (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) symbiosis: mussels fueled
by gas. Science, 233: 1306−1308.
Copley, J.T.P., Tyler, P.A., Murton, B.J. and Van Dover, C.L., 1997.
Spatial and interannual variation in the faunal distribution at
Broken Spur vent field (29ºN, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Mar. Biol.,
129: 723−733.
Corliss, J.B., Dymond, J., Gordon, L.I., Edmond, J.M.,
von Herzen, R.P., Ballard, R.D., Green, K., Williams, D.,
Bainbridge, A., Crane, K. and Andel, T.H., 1979. Submarine
thermal springs on the Galapagos Rift. Science, 203: 1073−1083.
Corliss, J.B., Baross, J.A. and Hoffman, S.E., 1981. An hypothesis
concerning the relationship between submarine hot springs and the
origin of life on Earth. Oceanol. Acta, 1: 59−69.
Cowen, J.P., Massoth, G.J. and Feely, R.A., 1990. Scavenging rates
of dissolved manganese in a hydrothermal vent plume. Deep-Sea
Res., 37: 1619−1637.
Cowen, J.P., Shackelford, R., McGee, D. and Lam, P., 1999. Microbial
biomass in the hydrothermal plumes associated with the 1998 Axial
Volcano eruption. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26: 3637−3640.
Craddock, C., Hoeh, W.R., Gustafson, R.G., Lutz, R.A., Hashimoto, J.
and Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1995. Evolutionary relationships among
deep-sea mytilids (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from hydrothermal vents
and cold-water methane/sulfide seeps. Mar. Biol., 121: 477−485.
Dando, P.R., Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Terwilliger, N.B.
and Terwilliger, R.C., 1985. Sulphur-oxidizing bacteria and
haemoglobin in gills of the bivalve mollusc Myrtea spinifera. Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser., 23: 85−98.
Dando, P.R., Southward, A.J. and Southward, E.C., 1986.
Chemoautotrophic symbionts in the gills of the bivalve mollusc
Lucinoma borealis and the sediment chemistry of its habitat. Proc.
R. Soc. London Ser. B, 227: 227−247.
Dando, P.R., Southward, A.J., Southward, E.C., Dixon, D.R.,
Crawford, A. and Crawford, M., 1992. Shipwrecked tube worms.
Nature, 356: 667.
Dando, P.R., Hughes, J.A. and Thiermann, F., 1995. Preliminary
observations on biological communities at shallow hydrothermal
vents in the Aegean Sea. In: L.M. Parson, C.L. Walker and D.R.
Dixon (Editors), Hydrothermal Vents and Processes. Geol. Soc.
London Spec. Publ., 87: 303−317.
Deming, J.W. and Baross, J.A., 1993. Deep-sea smokers: windows
to a subsurface biosphere? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57:
3219−3230.
Desbruy` eres, D., 1998. Temporal variations in the vent communities
on the East Pacific Rise and Galapagos Spreading Centre: a review
of present knowledge. Cah. Biol. Mar., 39: 241−244.
Desbruy` eres, D. and Laubier, L., 1988. Exploitation d’une source de
mati` ere organique concentr´ ee dans l’oc´ ean profond: intervention
d’une ann´ elide polych` ete nouvelle. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. III,
307: 329−335.
Diaz, R.J. and Rosenberg, R., 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review
of its ecological effects and the behavioral responses of benthic
macrofauna. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Annu. Rev., 33: 245−303.
Distel, D.L., Ian, D., Olsen, G., Giovannoni, S.J., Pace, B., Pace,
N., Stahl, D. and Felbeck, H., 1988. Sulfur-oxidizing bacterial
endosymbionts: analysis of phylogeny and specificity of 16S-rRNA
sequences. J. Bacteriol., 170: 715−722.
Distel, D.L., Baco, A.R., Chuang, E., Morrill, W., Cavanaugh, C.M.
and Smith, C.R., 2000. Do mussels take wooden steps to deep-sea
vents? Nature, 403: 725−726.
Embley, R.W., Chadwick Jr., W.W., Clague, D. and Stakes, D., 1999.
1998 Eruption of Axial Volcano: multibeam anomalies and seafloor
observations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26: 3425−3428.
Felbeck, H., 1981. Chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal
vent tube worms, Riftia pachyptila (Vestimentifera). Science, 213:
336−338.
Feldman, R.A., Black, M.B., Cary, S.C., Lutz, R.A. and
Vrijenhoek, R.C., 1997. Molecular phylogenetics of bacterial
endosymbionts and their vestimentiferan hosts. Mol. Mar. Biol.
Biotech., 6: 268−277.
Fisher, C.R., 1990. Chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbioses
in marine invertebrates. CRC Crit. Rev. Aquat. Sci., 2: 399−436.
Fisher, C.R., 1995. Toward an appreciation of hydrothermal vent
animals: their environment, physiological ecology, and tissue
stable isotope values. In: S.E. Humphris, R.A. Zierenberg,
L.S. Mullineaux and R.E. Thomson (Editors), Seafloor
Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological and
Geological Interactions. Geophys. Monogr. Am. Geophys. Union,
91: 297−316.
Fisher, C.R., 1997. Ecophysiology of primary production at
deep-sea vents and seeps. In: F. Uiblein, J. Ott and
M. Stachowitisch (Editors), Deep-Sea and Extreme Shallow-Water
Habitats: Affinities and Adaptations. Biosystematics and Ecology,
Series 11: 313−336.
Fisher, C.R., Childress, J.J., Arp, A.J., Brooks, J.M., Distel, D.L.,
Dugan, J.A., Felbeck, H., Fritz, L.W., Hessler, R.R., Johnson, K.S.,
Kennicutt II, M.C., Lutz, R.A., Macko, S.A., Newton, A.,
Powell, M.A., Somero, G.N. and Soto, T., 1988a. Variation in
the hydrothermal vent clam, Calyptogen[a] magnifica, at the Rose
Garden vent on the Galapagos spreading center. Deep-Sea Res.,
35: 1811−1831.
Fisher, C.R., Childress, J.J., Arp, A.J., Brooks, J.M., Distel, D.L.,
Favuzzi, J.A., Felbeck, H., Hessler, R.R., Johnson, K.S.,
Kennicutt II, M.C., Newton, A., Powell, M.A., Somero, G.N. and
Soto, T., 1988b. Microhabitat variation in the hydrothermal-vent
mussel, Bathymodiolus thermophilus, at the Rose Garden vent on
the Galapagos Rift. Deep-Sea Res., 35: 1769−1791.
Fornari, D.J. and Embley, R.W., 1995. Tectonic and volcanic controls
on hydrothermal processes at the mid-ocean ridge: an overview
based on near-bottom and submersible studies. In: S.E. Humphris,
R.A. Zierenberg, L.S. Mullineaux and R.E. Thomson (Editors),
Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems: Physical, Chemical, Biological