Slopes in arid zones
337
STAGES IN THE INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF RUN-OFF FROM SHALE SLOPES
IA
I N F A L L
1 I J 1 [
INTERFLUVE LPRIMARY CRACK
~
',
,
PoPOO.N
:::. ":':':'-.".":,i~: .;": ':'
~,~t:>Iz~- ~' "~
"P,P~
(a) DRY CHARACTERISTICS
(b) WETTING :INCIPIENT RILL AND
PIPE FLOW
111
IL I 1
WETTING
TRANSIT~
,:,.:,,,,,~,,,~
,,,,,,,,
,,, ,,, ~, ,, ....
.,~!
o I'l I o 010 1
1% i ,il iol
9
INCIPIENT CRACK FLOW 9
~, !lc ~ SUSTAINED RILL AND PIPE FLOW
(d)
CRUST SEEPAGE
MICRO-PIPING
11111
9 " .~-~=~ .....
I
(e)
SUSTAINED CRACK FLOW"
I I I I I
~~~~,~,.~.. ,
MICRO-PIPE FLOW
(f) OVERLAND FLOW-CRUST FLOW
Figure 14.23. Stages in the initiation and development of the run-off on a shale slope (Hodges and Bryan,
1982).