147
12 Household Detergents Causing Eutrophication in Freshwater Ecosystems
Table 12.8 comprises the data on dry weight of Spirodela
polyrrhiza treated in small plastic pots with varying concentrations of 24 selected detergent powders. A glance on
the Table 12.8 revealed that the impact of detergent powders on dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza was higher than
the impact of all 12 selected detergent cakes. The Spirodela
polyrrhiza treated with Ariel detergent powder showed maximum dry weight accumulation at 30 ppm as compared to
the control (0 ppm). The impact of Double Dog detergent
powder on dry weight was far lesser than the impact of Ariel.
The high concentration (50 ppm) of the detergents like Fena,
Ghari, Nirma, Nirma Super, and Rin Supreme significantly
Table 12.6 Dry weight (mg g
−1
of fresh weight) of Lemna minor treated in small plastic pots with varying doses of some common detergent
powders
Detergent (Brand name)
Control
Concentration (ppm)
LSD at
0
10
30
50
5 % 1 %
Ariel
113.35 ± 1.40 118.32 ± 1.49 (+ 4.74 %) 123.80±1.03 (+ 9.22 %) 118.34±1.22 (+ 4.40 %)
0.50 0.76
Cleano
113.35 ± 1.40 114.20 ± 1.34 (+ 0.75 %) 114.71±1.11 (+ 1.20 %) 115.45±1.31 (+ 1.85 %)
NS NS
Doctor
113.35 ± 1.40 114.36 ± 1.33 (+ 0.89 %) 115.29±1.10 (+ 1.72 %) 116.22±1.30 (+ 2.54 %)
0.31 0.47
Double Dog
113.35 ± 1.40 122.26 ± 1.25 (+ 7.86 %) 116.50±1.12 (+ 2.78 %) 117.22±1.13 (+ 3.41 %)
0.32 0.48
Fena
113.35 ± 1.40 116.35 ± 1.41 (+ 2.65 %) 119.45±0.91 (+ 5.38 %) 116.13±1.05 (+ 2.45 %)
0.62 0.94
Friendly wash
113.35 ± 1.40 119.50 ± 0.87 (+ 5.43 %) 114.75±1.16 (+ 1.24 %) 125.31±1.66 (+ 10.55 %) 0.84 1.27
Ghari
113.35 ± 1.40 113.40 ± 1.44 (+ 0.04 %) 119.82±1.40 (+ 5.71 %) 114.95±1.36 (+ 1.41 %)
1.15 1.74
Henko
113.35 ± 1.40 116.75 ± 1.17 (+ 2.30 %) 122.75±1.79 (+ 8.29 %) 118.96±1.26 (+ 4.95 %)
0.67 1.02
Max Clean
113.35 ± 1.40 113.87 ± 1.17 (+ 0.46 %) 116.23±1.21 (+ 2.54 %) 116.71±0.94 (+ 2.96 %)
0.46 0.70
Mor
113.35 ± 1.40 114.52 ± 1.36 (+ 1.03 %) 117.44±1.87 (+ 3.61 %) 116.83±1.11 (+ 3.07 %)
0.33 0.50
Mor light
113.35 ± 1.40 113.47 ± 1.40 (− 0.2 %)
115.01±1.09 (+ 1.47 %) 114.71±1.13 (+ 1.20 %)
NS NS
Mr. white
113.35 ± 1.40 121.73 ± 1.04 (+ 7.39 %) 117.35±0.93 (+ 3.53 %) 115.10±1.12 (+ 1.54 %)
0.49 0.74
Nirma
113.35 ± 1.40 115.22 ± 0.42 (+ 1.65 %) 120.82 ± 1.17 (+ 6.59 %) 115.00 ± 1.91 (+ 1.46 %)
1.03 1.56
Nirma (Super) a (Super Nirma) 113.35 ± 1.40 120.52 ± 0.73 (+ 6.33 %) 113.87 ± 0.90 (+ 0.46 %) 115.03 ± 0.99 (+ 1.48 %)
0.69 1.04
Plus
113.35 ± 1.40 116.73 ± 1.08 (+ 2.98 %) 115.58 ± 0.98 (+ 1.97%) 113.49 ± 1.28 (+ 0.12 %)
0.46 0.70
Plus (Extra) a (Extra Plus)
113.35 ± 1.40 115.88 ± 1.05 (+ 2.23 %) 117.16 ± 1.13 (+ 3.36%) 115.59 ± 1.04 (+ 1.98 %)
0.41 0.62
Plus (saving) a (Saving Plus)
113.35 ± 1.40 114.94 ± 1.03 (+ 1.40 %) 119.76 ± 1.13 (+ 5.66%) 117.00 ± 0.85 (+ 3.31 %)
NS NS
Rin Shakti
113.35 ± 1.40 116.42 ± 1.58 ( + 2.69 %) 115.70 ± 1.13 (+ 2.07%) 113.58 ± 1.70 ( + 0.20 %) 0.93 1.40
Rin Supreme
113.35 ± 1.40 125.32 ± 1.27 (+ 10.96 %) 118.90 ± 1.12 (+ 4.90%) 116.48 ± 1.05 (+ 2.76 %)
0.38 0.57
Surf
113.35 ± 1.40 117.16 ± 1.24 (+ 3.36 %) 126.37 ± 1.29 (+ 11.49%) 114.25 ± 1.59 (+ 0.8 %)
0.90 1.36
Surf Excel
113.35 ± 1.40 119.81 ± 1.12 (+ 5.70 %) 126.43 ± 1.20 (+ 11.54%) 115.06 ± 0.96 (+ 1.51 %)
0.45 0.68
Tide
113.35 ± 1.40 121.07 ± 1.16 (+ 6.81 %) 116.08 ± 1.07 (+ 2.41%) 113.76 ± 1.17 ( + 0.37 %) 1.33 2.01
Time-Zee
113.35 ± 1.40 117.09 ± 1.01 (+ 3.30 %) 114.56 ± 1.09 (+ 1.07%) 114.94 ± 1.33 (+ 1.41 %)
NS NS
Wheel
113.35 ± 1.40 115.52 ± 1.47 (+ 1.91 %) 121.82 ± 0.89 (+ 7.47%) 113.58 ± 0.96 (+ 0.20 %)
0.73 1.10
Mean ± SD, with in parenthesis-per cent variation over the control
a Actual brand name
Table 12.7 Dry weight (mg/g of fresh weight) of Spirodela polyrrhiza treated in small plastic pots with varying doses of 12 selected detergent
cakes
Detergent (Brand
name)
Control
Concentration (ppm)
LSD at
0
10
30
50
5 %
1 %
Ariel
113.75 ± 1.16
117.91 ± 2.01 (+ 3.66 %) 121.96 ± 2.07 (+ 7.22 %) 119.56 ± 1.40 (+ 5.11 %) 4.49
6.81
Budget
113.75 ± 1.16
117.99 ± 1.97 (+ 3.72 %) 115.77 ± 1.56 (+ 1.76 %) 113.80 ± 1.18 (+ 0.04 %) NS
NS
Doctor
113.75 ± 1.16
117.80 ± 1.32 (+ 3.56 %) 118.92 ± 0.97 (+ 4.55 %) 116.50 ± 1.50 (+ 2.42 %) 2.84
4.29
Fena
113.75 ± 1.16
121.68 ± 1.98 (+ 6.97 %) 117.57 ± 1.58 (+ 3.36 %) 115.50 ± 1.73 (+ 1.54 %) 4.60
6.95
555
113.75 ± 1.16
116.58 ± 2.02 (+ 2.49 %) 121.66 ± 1.18 (+ 6.95 %) 118.86 ± 0.91 (+ 4.49 %) 3.82
5.79
Ghari
113.75 ± 1.16
114.88 ± 1.19 (+ 0.99 %) 118.32 ± 1.12 (+ 4.02 %) 116.54 ± 0.88 (+ 2.45 %) 2.71
4.10
Henko
113.75 ± 1.16
117.67 ± 1.57 (+ 3.45 %) 119.22 ± 1.12 (+ 4.81 %) 123.55 ± 1.24 (+ 8.62 %) 2.68
4.06
Mor
113.75 ± 1.16
114.80 ± 0.97 (+ 0.09)
118.60 ± 1.47 (+ 4.26 %) 116.80 ± 1.28 (+ 2.68 %) 3.16
4.80
Nirma
113.75 ± 1.16
116.58 ± 1.76 (+ 2.49 %) 121.66 ± 1.76 (+ 6.95 %) 118.86 ± 1.21 (+ 4.49 %) 3.16
4.78
Plus
113.75 ± 1.16
115.50 ± 1.05 (+ 1.54 %) 116.77 ± 1.76 (+ 2.65 %) 119.68 ± 2.10 (+ 5.93 %) NS
NS
Rin
113.75 ± 1.16
118.93 ± 2.02 (+ 4.55 %) 120.86 ± 1.98 (+ 6.25 %) 124.19 ± 1.46 (+ 9.19 %) 4.40
6.67
Wheel
113.75 ± 1.16
118.53 ± 1.69 (+ 4.20 %) 123.86 ± 1.41 (+ 8.89 %) 120.76 ± 2.07 (+ 6.16 %) 4.50
6.82
Mea ± SD, with in parenthesis percent variation over the control
12 Household Detergents Causing Eutrophication in Freshwater Ecosystems
Table 12.8 comprises the data on dry weight of Spirodela
polyrrhiza treated in small plastic pots with varying concentrations of 24 selected detergent powders. A glance on
the Table 12.8 revealed that the impact of detergent powders on dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza was higher than
the impact of all 12 selected detergent cakes. The Spirodela
polyrrhiza treated with Ariel detergent powder showed maximum dry weight accumulation at 30 ppm as compared to
the control (0 ppm). The impact of Double Dog detergent
powder on dry weight was far lesser than the impact of Ariel.
The high concentration (50 ppm) of the detergents like Fena,
Ghari, Nirma, Nirma Super, and Rin Supreme significantly
Table 12.6 Dry weight (mg g
−1
of fresh weight) of Lemna minor treated in small plastic pots with varying doses of some common detergent
powders
Detergent (Brand name)
Control
Concentration (ppm)
LSD at
0
10
30
50
5 % 1 %
Ariel
113.35 ± 1.40 118.32 ± 1.49 (+ 4.74 %) 123.80±1.03 (+ 9.22 %) 118.34±1.22 (+ 4.40 %)
0.50 0.76
Cleano
113.35 ± 1.40 114.20 ± 1.34 (+ 0.75 %) 114.71±1.11 (+ 1.20 %) 115.45±1.31 (+ 1.85 %)
NS NS
Doctor
113.35 ± 1.40 114.36 ± 1.33 (+ 0.89 %) 115.29±1.10 (+ 1.72 %) 116.22±1.30 (+ 2.54 %)
0.31 0.47
Double Dog
113.35 ± 1.40 122.26 ± 1.25 (+ 7.86 %) 116.50±1.12 (+ 2.78 %) 117.22±1.13 (+ 3.41 %)
0.32 0.48
Fena
113.35 ± 1.40 116.35 ± 1.41 (+ 2.65 %) 119.45±0.91 (+ 5.38 %) 116.13±1.05 (+ 2.45 %)
0.62 0.94
Friendly wash
113.35 ± 1.40 119.50 ± 0.87 (+ 5.43 %) 114.75±1.16 (+ 1.24 %) 125.31±1.66 (+ 10.55 %) 0.84 1.27
Ghari
113.35 ± 1.40 113.40 ± 1.44 (+ 0.04 %) 119.82±1.40 (+ 5.71 %) 114.95±1.36 (+ 1.41 %)
1.15 1.74
Henko
113.35 ± 1.40 116.75 ± 1.17 (+ 2.30 %) 122.75±1.79 (+ 8.29 %) 118.96±1.26 (+ 4.95 %)
0.67 1.02
Max Clean
113.35 ± 1.40 113.87 ± 1.17 (+ 0.46 %) 116.23±1.21 (+ 2.54 %) 116.71±0.94 (+ 2.96 %)
0.46 0.70
Mor
113.35 ± 1.40 114.52 ± 1.36 (+ 1.03 %) 117.44±1.87 (+ 3.61 %) 116.83±1.11 (+ 3.07 %)
0.33 0.50
Mor light
113.35 ± 1.40 113.47 ± 1.40 (− 0.2 %)
115.01±1.09 (+ 1.47 %) 114.71±1.13 (+ 1.20 %)
NS NS
Mr. white
113.35 ± 1.40 121.73 ± 1.04 (+ 7.39 %) 117.35±0.93 (+ 3.53 %) 115.10±1.12 (+ 1.54 %)
0.49 0.74
Nirma
113.35 ± 1.40 115.22 ± 0.42 (+ 1.65 %) 120.82 ± 1.17 (+ 6.59 %) 115.00 ± 1.91 (+ 1.46 %)
1.03 1.56
Nirma (Super) a (Super Nirma) 113.35 ± 1.40 120.52 ± 0.73 (+ 6.33 %) 113.87 ± 0.90 (+ 0.46 %) 115.03 ± 0.99 (+ 1.48 %)
0.69 1.04
Plus
113.35 ± 1.40 116.73 ± 1.08 (+ 2.98 %) 115.58 ± 0.98 (+ 1.97%) 113.49 ± 1.28 (+ 0.12 %)
0.46 0.70
Plus (Extra) a (Extra Plus)
113.35 ± 1.40 115.88 ± 1.05 (+ 2.23 %) 117.16 ± 1.13 (+ 3.36%) 115.59 ± 1.04 (+ 1.98 %)
0.41 0.62
Plus (saving) a (Saving Plus)
113.35 ± 1.40 114.94 ± 1.03 (+ 1.40 %) 119.76 ± 1.13 (+ 5.66%) 117.00 ± 0.85 (+ 3.31 %)
NS NS
Rin Shakti
113.35 ± 1.40 116.42 ± 1.58 ( + 2.69 %) 115.70 ± 1.13 (+ 2.07%) 113.58 ± 1.70 ( + 0.20 %) 0.93 1.40
Rin Supreme
113.35 ± 1.40 125.32 ± 1.27 (+ 10.96 %) 118.90 ± 1.12 (+ 4.90%) 116.48 ± 1.05 (+ 2.76 %)
0.38 0.57
Surf
113.35 ± 1.40 117.16 ± 1.24 (+ 3.36 %) 126.37 ± 1.29 (+ 11.49%) 114.25 ± 1.59 (+ 0.8 %)
0.90 1.36
Surf Excel
113.35 ± 1.40 119.81 ± 1.12 (+ 5.70 %) 126.43 ± 1.20 (+ 11.54%) 115.06 ± 0.96 (+ 1.51 %)
0.45 0.68
Tide
113.35 ± 1.40 121.07 ± 1.16 (+ 6.81 %) 116.08 ± 1.07 (+ 2.41%) 113.76 ± 1.17 ( + 0.37 %) 1.33 2.01
Time-Zee
113.35 ± 1.40 117.09 ± 1.01 (+ 3.30 %) 114.56 ± 1.09 (+ 1.07%) 114.94 ± 1.33 (+ 1.41 %)
NS NS
Wheel
113.35 ± 1.40 115.52 ± 1.47 (+ 1.91 %) 121.82 ± 0.89 (+ 7.47%) 113.58 ± 0.96 (+ 0.20 %)
0.73 1.10
Mean ± SD, with in parenthesis-per cent variation over the control
a Actual brand name
Table 12.7 Dry weight (mg/g of fresh weight) of Spirodela polyrrhiza treated in small plastic pots with varying doses of 12 selected detergent
cakes
Detergent (Brand
name)
Control
Concentration (ppm)
LSD at
0
10
30
50
5 %
1 %
Ariel
113.75 ± 1.16
117.91 ± 2.01 (+ 3.66 %) 121.96 ± 2.07 (+ 7.22 %) 119.56 ± 1.40 (+ 5.11 %) 4.49
6.81
Budget
113.75 ± 1.16
117.99 ± 1.97 (+ 3.72 %) 115.77 ± 1.56 (+ 1.76 %) 113.80 ± 1.18 (+ 0.04 %) NS
NS
Doctor
113.75 ± 1.16
117.80 ± 1.32 (+ 3.56 %) 118.92 ± 0.97 (+ 4.55 %) 116.50 ± 1.50 (+ 2.42 %) 2.84
4.29
Fena
113.75 ± 1.16
121.68 ± 1.98 (+ 6.97 %) 117.57 ± 1.58 (+ 3.36 %) 115.50 ± 1.73 (+ 1.54 %) 4.60
6.95
555
113.75 ± 1.16
116.58 ± 2.02 (+ 2.49 %) 121.66 ± 1.18 (+ 6.95 %) 118.86 ± 0.91 (+ 4.49 %) 3.82
5.79
Ghari
113.75 ± 1.16
114.88 ± 1.19 (+ 0.99 %) 118.32 ± 1.12 (+ 4.02 %) 116.54 ± 0.88 (+ 2.45 %) 2.71
4.10
Henko
113.75 ± 1.16
117.67 ± 1.57 (+ 3.45 %) 119.22 ± 1.12 (+ 4.81 %) 123.55 ± 1.24 (+ 8.62 %) 2.68
4.06
Mor
113.75 ± 1.16
114.80 ± 0.97 (+ 0.09)
118.60 ± 1.47 (+ 4.26 %) 116.80 ± 1.28 (+ 2.68 %) 3.16
4.80
Nirma
113.75 ± 1.16
116.58 ± 1.76 (+ 2.49 %) 121.66 ± 1.76 (+ 6.95 %) 118.86 ± 1.21 (+ 4.49 %) 3.16
4.78
Plus
113.75 ± 1.16
115.50 ± 1.05 (+ 1.54 %) 116.77 ± 1.76 (+ 2.65 %) 119.68 ± 2.10 (+ 5.93 %) NS
NS
Rin
113.75 ± 1.16
118.93 ± 2.02 (+ 4.55 %) 120.86 ± 1.98 (+ 6.25 %) 124.19 ± 1.46 (+ 9.19 %) 4.40
6.67
Wheel
113.75 ± 1.16
118.53 ± 1.69 (+ 4.20 %) 123.86 ± 1.41 (+ 8.89 %) 120.76 ± 2.07 (+ 6.16 %) 4.50
6.82
Mea ± SD, with in parenthesis percent variation over the control