146
followed by type-B. Only fewer detergent cakes showed
type-C response.
The Lemna minor treated with detergent powders showed
predominantly type-B and type-C pattern followed by typeA growth response as observed on treatment with only seven
detergent powders. Treatment of Spirodela polyrrhiza with
most of the detergent powders showed predominantly typeA and B pattern. It is inferred from the growth pattern that
most of the detergents whether in the form of cake or powder
promoted the growth exponentially without any toxic effect
up to 50 ppm concentration. Only few detergents showed
toxicity to these two weeds at high concentration of 50 ppm.
12.3.2 Impact of Some Selected Detergents on
Dry Weight of Lemna minor
Table 12.5 comprises the data on dry weight of Lemna minor
treated in small plastic pots with varying concentrations of
12 common detergents sold in the form of cakes. Dry weight
per gram of fresh plant ( Lemna minor) significantly increased on treatments with 10 and 30 ppm of detergent as
compared to the control (0 ppm). The dry weight accumulation was relatively lower at 50 ppm of all the 12 selected detergent cakes. The impact of treatment with Ariel detergent
on dry weight of Lemna minor increased with concentration
up to 30 ppm. The 30 ppm of Henko, Nirma, Rin, and Wheel
detergent cakes also significantly enhance the dry weight
of Lemna minor. The accumulation of dry weight was relatively lower in Lemna species treated with 50 ppm of these
detergents. The impact of Budget, Doctor, Fena, 555, Ghari,
Mor, and Plus detergent cakes was far lesser in comparison
to the other detergents cakes studied (Table 12.5).
Table 12.6 summarizes the data on dry weight accumulation of Lemna minor treated with three varying doses of 24
selected detergent powders. The impact of detergent powders
on dry weight of Lemna minor was relatively higher than the
detergent cakes. Among few common brands of detergents
like Ariel, Double Dog, Fena, Friendly Wash, Ghari, Henko,
Mr. White, Nirma, Rin Supreme, Surf, Surf Excel, Tide, and
Wheel, the impact of Surf and its new brand Surf Excel on
the dry weight of Lemna minor was relatively higher than the
other detergent powders under study. The dry weight accumulation significantly increased in Lemna minor on treatment
with 30 ppm of Surf and its new brand Surf Excel. The other
detergents like Doctor, Mor, Nirma Super, Plus and its new
brand Extra Plus, and Rin Shakti had a relatively lesser degree
of impact on the dry weight of Lemna minor. The impact of
varying concentrations of less popular detergents like Cleano,
Morlight, Saving Plus, and Time-Zee on the dry weight of
Lemna minor was statistically nonsignificant (Table 12.6).
12.3.3 Impact of Some Selected Detergents on
Dry Weight Spirodela polyrrhiza
The data on dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza treated in
small plastic pots with varying concentrations of 12 selected
detergent cakes are summarized in Table 12.7. There was a
significant increase in the dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza
on treatment with Ariel detergent cake. The dry weight of
plants was significantly increased with the increase in concentration up to 30 ppm. There was relatively higher dry
weight accumulation in Spirodela polyrrhiza treated with
varying concentrations of 555, Henko, Nirma, Rin, and
Wheel detergent cakes. The impact of all concentrations of
Doctor, Fena, Ghari, and Mor detergent cakes on dry weight
of Spirodela polyrrhiza was lesser than the impact of other
detergents studied. Statistically there was no significant
change in the dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza treated with
varying concentrations of Budget and Plus detergent cakes.
The high concentration (50 ppm) of Henko, Nirma, and Rin
enhanced the dry weight accumulation to a noticeable extent
(Table 12.7).
Table 12.5 Dry weight (mg g
−1
of fresh weight) of Lemna minor treated in small plastic pots with varying doses of 12 selected detergent cakes
Detergent
(Brand name)
Control
Concentration (ppm)
LSD at
0
10
30
50
5 %
1 %
Ariel
113.54 ± 1.04
114.62 ± 1.0 (+ 0.95 %)
118.67 ± 1.37 (+ 4.52 %)
116.27 ± 1.40 (+ 2.40 %)
0.86
1.30
Budget
113.54 ± 1.04
114.98 ± 1.90 (+ 1.27 %)
116.49 ± 1.72 (+ 2.60 %)
115.46 ± 1.20 (+ 1.69 %)
1.60
2.43
Doctor
113.54 ± 1.04
115.69 ± 1.06 (+ 1.89 %)
117.75 ± 1.53 (+ 3.71 %)
116.08 ± 1.2 (+ 2.24 %)
0.58
0.88
Fena
113.54 ± 1.04
117.79 ± 1.72 (+ 3.74 %)
113.69 ± 0.62 (+ 0.13 %)
114.33 ± 1.31 (0.70 %)
2.51
3.81
555
113.54 ± 1.04
114.90 ± 1.05 (+ 1.20 %)
115.52 ± 1.45 (+ 1.74 %)
113.84 ± 1.46 (+ 0.26 %)
NS
NS
Ghari
113.54 ± 1.04
115.31 ± 1.54 (+ 1.56 %)
115.21 ± 1.26 (+ 1.47 %)
114.75 ± 0.96 (+ 1.07 %)
0.66
1.00
Henko
113.54 ± 1.04
113.89 ± 1.10 (+ 0.31 %)
119.77 ± 1.57 (+ 5.49 %)
115.44 ± 0.91 (+ 1.67 %)
0.71
1.08
Mor
113.54 ± 1.04
115.01 ± 1.08 (+ 1.29 %)
115.87 ± 0.73 (+ 2.05 %)
114.51 ± 1.33 (+ 0.85 %)
NS
NS
Nirma
113.54 ± 1.04
116.12 ± 1.13 (+ 2.27 %)
120.43 ± 1.22 (+ 6.07 %)
115.40 ± 0.73 (+ 1.64 %)
0.53
0.80
Plus
113.54 ± 1.04
116.56 ± 0.60 (+ 2.66 %)
115.37 ± 1.31 (+ 1.61 %)
113.96 ± 1.27 (+ 0.37 %)
0.81
1.22
Rin
113.54 ± 1.04
115.68 ± 1.57 (+ 6.52 %)
120.94 ± 1.06 (+ 1.88 %)
115.21 ± 1.32 (+ 1.47 %)
0.71
1.08
Wheel
113.54 ± 1.04
114.80 ± 0.96 (+ 1.11 %)
122.19 ± 1.10 (+ 7.62 %)
117.09 ± 1.04 (+ 3.12 %)
0.15
0.23
Mean ± SD, within parenthesis-per cent variation over the control
A. A. Ansari and F. A. Khan
followed by type-B. Only fewer detergent cakes showed
type-C response.
The Lemna minor treated with detergent powders showed
predominantly type-B and type-C pattern followed by typeA growth response as observed on treatment with only seven
detergent powders. Treatment of Spirodela polyrrhiza with
most of the detergent powders showed predominantly typeA and B pattern. It is inferred from the growth pattern that
most of the detergents whether in the form of cake or powder
promoted the growth exponentially without any toxic effect
up to 50 ppm concentration. Only few detergents showed
toxicity to these two weeds at high concentration of 50 ppm.
12.3.2 Impact of Some Selected Detergents on
Dry Weight of Lemna minor
Table 12.5 comprises the data on dry weight of Lemna minor
treated in small plastic pots with varying concentrations of
12 common detergents sold in the form of cakes. Dry weight
per gram of fresh plant ( Lemna minor) significantly increased on treatments with 10 and 30 ppm of detergent as
compared to the control (0 ppm). The dry weight accumulation was relatively lower at 50 ppm of all the 12 selected detergent cakes. The impact of treatment with Ariel detergent
on dry weight of Lemna minor increased with concentration
up to 30 ppm. The 30 ppm of Henko, Nirma, Rin, and Wheel
detergent cakes also significantly enhance the dry weight
of Lemna minor. The accumulation of dry weight was relatively lower in Lemna species treated with 50 ppm of these
detergents. The impact of Budget, Doctor, Fena, 555, Ghari,
Mor, and Plus detergent cakes was far lesser in comparison
to the other detergents cakes studied (Table 12.5).
Table 12.6 summarizes the data on dry weight accumulation of Lemna minor treated with three varying doses of 24
selected detergent powders. The impact of detergent powders
on dry weight of Lemna minor was relatively higher than the
detergent cakes. Among few common brands of detergents
like Ariel, Double Dog, Fena, Friendly Wash, Ghari, Henko,
Mr. White, Nirma, Rin Supreme, Surf, Surf Excel, Tide, and
Wheel, the impact of Surf and its new brand Surf Excel on
the dry weight of Lemna minor was relatively higher than the
other detergent powders under study. The dry weight accumulation significantly increased in Lemna minor on treatment
with 30 ppm of Surf and its new brand Surf Excel. The other
detergents like Doctor, Mor, Nirma Super, Plus and its new
brand Extra Plus, and Rin Shakti had a relatively lesser degree
of impact on the dry weight of Lemna minor. The impact of
varying concentrations of less popular detergents like Cleano,
Morlight, Saving Plus, and Time-Zee on the dry weight of
Lemna minor was statistically nonsignificant (Table 12.6).
12.3.3 Impact of Some Selected Detergents on
Dry Weight Spirodela polyrrhiza
The data on dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza treated in
small plastic pots with varying concentrations of 12 selected
detergent cakes are summarized in Table 12.7. There was a
significant increase in the dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza
on treatment with Ariel detergent cake. The dry weight of
plants was significantly increased with the increase in concentration up to 30 ppm. There was relatively higher dry
weight accumulation in Spirodela polyrrhiza treated with
varying concentrations of 555, Henko, Nirma, Rin, and
Wheel detergent cakes. The impact of all concentrations of
Doctor, Fena, Ghari, and Mor detergent cakes on dry weight
of Spirodela polyrrhiza was lesser than the impact of other
detergents studied. Statistically there was no significant
change in the dry weight of Spirodela polyrrhiza treated with
varying concentrations of Budget and Plus detergent cakes.
The high concentration (50 ppm) of Henko, Nirma, and Rin
enhanced the dry weight accumulation to a noticeable extent
(Table 12.7).
Table 12.5 Dry weight (mg g
−1
of fresh weight) of Lemna minor treated in small plastic pots with varying doses of 12 selected detergent cakes
Detergent
(Brand name)
Control
Concentration (ppm)
LSD at
0
10
30
50
5 %
1 %
Ariel
113.54 ± 1.04
114.62 ± 1.0 (+ 0.95 %)
118.67 ± 1.37 (+ 4.52 %)
116.27 ± 1.40 (+ 2.40 %)
0.86
1.30
Budget
113.54 ± 1.04
114.98 ± 1.90 (+ 1.27 %)
116.49 ± 1.72 (+ 2.60 %)
115.46 ± 1.20 (+ 1.69 %)
1.60
2.43
Doctor
113.54 ± 1.04
115.69 ± 1.06 (+ 1.89 %)
117.75 ± 1.53 (+ 3.71 %)
116.08 ± 1.2 (+ 2.24 %)
0.58
0.88
Fena
113.54 ± 1.04
117.79 ± 1.72 (+ 3.74 %)
113.69 ± 0.62 (+ 0.13 %)
114.33 ± 1.31 (0.70 %)
2.51
3.81
555
113.54 ± 1.04
114.90 ± 1.05 (+ 1.20 %)
115.52 ± 1.45 (+ 1.74 %)
113.84 ± 1.46 (+ 0.26 %)
NS
NS
Ghari
113.54 ± 1.04
115.31 ± 1.54 (+ 1.56 %)
115.21 ± 1.26 (+ 1.47 %)
114.75 ± 0.96 (+ 1.07 %)
0.66
1.00
Henko
113.54 ± 1.04
113.89 ± 1.10 (+ 0.31 %)
119.77 ± 1.57 (+ 5.49 %)
115.44 ± 0.91 (+ 1.67 %)
0.71
1.08
Mor
113.54 ± 1.04
115.01 ± 1.08 (+ 1.29 %)
115.87 ± 0.73 (+ 2.05 %)
114.51 ± 1.33 (+ 0.85 %)
NS
NS
Nirma
113.54 ± 1.04
116.12 ± 1.13 (+ 2.27 %)
120.43 ± 1.22 (+ 6.07 %)
115.40 ± 0.73 (+ 1.64 %)
0.53
0.80
Plus
113.54 ± 1.04
116.56 ± 0.60 (+ 2.66 %)
115.37 ± 1.31 (+ 1.61 %)
113.96 ± 1.27 (+ 0.37 %)
0.81
1.22
Rin
113.54 ± 1.04
115.68 ± 1.57 (+ 6.52 %)
120.94 ± 1.06 (+ 1.88 %)
115.21 ± 1.32 (+ 1.47 %)
0.71
1.08
Wheel
113.54 ± 1.04
114.80 ± 0.96 (+ 1.11 %)
122.19 ± 1.10 (+ 7.62 %)
117.09 ± 1.04 (+ 3.12 %)
0.15
0.23
Mean ± SD, within parenthesis-per cent variation over the control
A. A. Ansari and F. A. Khan