12.2.2 Spatially Explicit Land Use Model
So far, many integrated land-use and transportation models have been applied to
real urban policy planning and the creation of land-use change scenarios. The
present study employed a multi-market static economic equilibrium model based
on urban economic theory (e.g., Ueda et al. 2013). In this study, we developed a
spatially explicit land-use model which was created based on micro district level
zones.
The structure of our model is given in Fig. 12.2. The major assumptions of this
model are as follows: (1) There exists a spatial economy whose coverage is divided
into zones i. (2) The total number of each household type j, say H j in the metropolitan area is given (closed city). (3) The society is composed of three types of
agents: households, developers, and absentee landlords. The behavior of each agent
is formulated on the basis of microeconomic principles, that is, utility maximization
by households and profit maximization by developers and absentee landlords.
(4) Households belonging to the same type j have identical preferences. The
households choose their locations in accordance with maximized utility.
(5) There is one residential land market and residential (building) floor market in
each zone. These markets reach equilibrium simultaneously. The model can output
Table 12.3 Average CO 2 emissions per household (Yokohama)
Emission group
Indirect CO 2 emissions
(kgCO 2 /year)
Direct CO 2 emissions
(kgCO 2 /year)
1. Food
1,530
0
2. Housing
154
0
3. Fuel, light and water
charges
3,719
1,304
Electricity
(2,242)
(0)
City gas
(866)
(795)
LP gas
(420)
(383)
Kerosene
(136)
(126)
Water and sewerage charges
(55)
(0)
Others
(0)
(0)
4. Furniture and household
utensils
187
0
5. Clothes and footwear
349
0
6. Medical care
256
0
7. Transportation and
communication
1,459
484
(Gasoline)
(559)
(484)
8. Education
136
0
9. Reading and recreation
655
0
10. Others
290
0
Total
8,735
1,788
12 An Integrated Model for Assessing Carbon Dioxide Emissions Considering. . .
249
So far, many integrated land-use and transportation models have been applied to
real urban policy planning and the creation of land-use change scenarios. The
present study employed a multi-market static economic equilibrium model based
on urban economic theory (e.g., Ueda et al. 2013). In this study, we developed a
spatially explicit land-use model which was created based on micro district level
zones.
The structure of our model is given in Fig. 12.2. The major assumptions of this
model are as follows: (1) There exists a spatial economy whose coverage is divided
into zones i. (2) The total number of each household type j, say H j in the metropolitan area is given (closed city). (3) The society is composed of three types of
agents: households, developers, and absentee landlords. The behavior of each agent
is formulated on the basis of microeconomic principles, that is, utility maximization
by households and profit maximization by developers and absentee landlords.
(4) Households belonging to the same type j have identical preferences. The
households choose their locations in accordance with maximized utility.
(5) There is one residential land market and residential (building) floor market in
each zone. These markets reach equilibrium simultaneously. The model can output
Table 12.3 Average CO 2 emissions per household (Yokohama)
Emission group
Indirect CO 2 emissions
(kgCO 2 /year)
Direct CO 2 emissions
(kgCO 2 /year)
1. Food
1,530
0
2. Housing
154
0
3. Fuel, light and water
charges
3,719
1,304
Electricity
(2,242)
(0)
City gas
(866)
(795)
LP gas
(420)
(383)
Kerosene
(136)
(126)
Water and sewerage charges
(55)
(0)
Others
(0)
(0)
4. Furniture and household
utensils
187
0
5. Clothes and footwear
349
0
6. Medical care
256
0
7. Transportation and
communication
1,459
484
(Gasoline)
(559)
(484)
8. Education
136
0
9. Reading and recreation
655
0
10. Others
290
0
Total
8,735
1,788
12 An Integrated Model for Assessing Carbon Dioxide Emissions Considering. . .
249