biology, ecology, and aquaculture potential (ability to live at high densities, accept
food encapsulation, and withstand high environmental variations) of each species.
If aquaculture potential studies are performed with ecophysiological and bioenergetics approach may be developed predictive models of how to develop a
population under different environmental factors, and even develop experimentally
testable hypotheses (Gutiérrez-Yurrita and Montes 1998).
Main purpose of this chapter is to show the experience of three studies with
native species; one refers to a small native species located in the state of Querétaro
and with a great ecological importance, Girardinichthys multiradiatus (GarciaTrejo et al. 2013). The study of this fish focused on the description of its habitat
throughout a hydrologic cycle in which ecophysiological responses were determined in order to establish guidelines for its management and to preserve its
population. In this work population structure and dynamics were getting, so trophic and ecophysiological responses to fluctuations in environmental factors were
also identified.
On the other hand, a very interesting species were studied, native mojarra
Herichthys cyanoguttatus founded on the basin of the Pánuco river. In this case the
purpose was to evaluate its useful in fishery and later in the aquaculture. The work
consisted of two stages: First, the characterization of their environment in order to
locate stable populations of the mojarra and to characterize ecologically its habitat.
Second, the mojarra was moved to the laboratory to try different forms of acclimatization for its future use by giving them tried food. Once acclimated, the stock
was used to carry out density studies of individuals for culture (capacity of load),
as well as of ideal thermal for its production.
9.8 Overview of the Future Trend in Aquaculture
Development
Aquaculture has been supporting human demands for fish products for centuries
and is an important industry worldwide. Global production from aquaculture has
been increasing steadily, having more than doubled in the last decade; aquaculture
now supplies one third of seafood consumed worldwide. With the massive increase
in world aquaculture production in 1990s, the current aquaculture industry is one
of the fastest growing sectors in world food production (FAO 2011). However, the
expansion of aquaculture has been accompanied by degradation of the natural
environment, especially on marine aquaculture. Direct impacts of fisheries and
aquaculture are habitat modification, collection of wild seedstock, changes of food
webs, introduction of nonnative fish species and diseases that harm wild fish
populations, and nutrient pollution. According to the FAO, major issues that need
to be addressed are problems with access to proper technology and financial
resources, together with environmental impacts and diseases. Another argues that
further increases in aquaculture production will come mainly from further
investment in biotechnology with specific goals such as:
9 Aquatic Biosystems
285
food encapsulation, and withstand high environmental variations) of each species.
If aquaculture potential studies are performed with ecophysiological and bioenergetics approach may be developed predictive models of how to develop a
population under different environmental factors, and even develop experimentally
testable hypotheses (Gutiérrez-Yurrita and Montes 1998).
Main purpose of this chapter is to show the experience of three studies with
native species; one refers to a small native species located in the state of Querétaro
and with a great ecological importance, Girardinichthys multiradiatus (GarciaTrejo et al. 2013). The study of this fish focused on the description of its habitat
throughout a hydrologic cycle in which ecophysiological responses were determined in order to establish guidelines for its management and to preserve its
population. In this work population structure and dynamics were getting, so trophic and ecophysiological responses to fluctuations in environmental factors were
also identified.
On the other hand, a very interesting species were studied, native mojarra
Herichthys cyanoguttatus founded on the basin of the Pánuco river. In this case the
purpose was to evaluate its useful in fishery and later in the aquaculture. The work
consisted of two stages: First, the characterization of their environment in order to
locate stable populations of the mojarra and to characterize ecologically its habitat.
Second, the mojarra was moved to the laboratory to try different forms of acclimatization for its future use by giving them tried food. Once acclimated, the stock
was used to carry out density studies of individuals for culture (capacity of load),
as well as of ideal thermal for its production.
9.8 Overview of the Future Trend in Aquaculture
Development
Aquaculture has been supporting human demands for fish products for centuries
and is an important industry worldwide. Global production from aquaculture has
been increasing steadily, having more than doubled in the last decade; aquaculture
now supplies one third of seafood consumed worldwide. With the massive increase
in world aquaculture production in 1990s, the current aquaculture industry is one
of the fastest growing sectors in world food production (FAO 2011). However, the
expansion of aquaculture has been accompanied by degradation of the natural
environment, especially on marine aquaculture. Direct impacts of fisheries and
aquaculture are habitat modification, collection of wild seedstock, changes of food
webs, introduction of nonnative fish species and diseases that harm wild fish
populations, and nutrient pollution. According to the FAO, major issues that need
to be addressed are problems with access to proper technology and financial
resources, together with environmental impacts and diseases. Another argues that
further increases in aquaculture production will come mainly from further
investment in biotechnology with specific goals such as:
9 Aquatic Biosystems
285