Chapter 9
Aquatic Biosystems: Applications
in Aquacultural Engineering
as a Sustainable Technology
Genaro M. Soto-Zarazúa, J. Fernando García-Trejo,
Manuel Toledano-Ayala and Edgar Rivas-Araiza
Abstract Aquaculture has been supporting human demands for fish products for
centuries and is an important industry worldwide. Global production from aquaculture has been increasing steadily, having more than doubled in the last decade;
aquaculture now supplies one-third of seafood consumed worldwide. However, the
expansion of aquaculture has been accompanied by degradation of the natural
environment, especially on marine aquaculture. Direct impacts of fisheries and
aquaculture are habitat modification, collection of wild seedstock, changes of food
webs, introduction of nonnative fish species, and diseases that harm wild fish
populations, and nutrient pollution. According to the FAO, major issues that need
to be addressed are problems with access to proper technology and financial
resources, together with environmental impacts and diseases. Some others argue
that further increases in aquaculture production will come mainly from further
investment in biotechnology or nanotechnology ranging from protein expression
and DNA vaccines, water filtration and remediation, nanoparticles, gene delivery
(and chips) to transgenic technologies. The purpose of this chapter is to present the
progress in the research about to get a sustainable aquaculture.
Keywords Aquaculture technology Á Sustainable aquaculture Á Aquatic
biosystem
G. M. Soto-Zarazúa (&) Á M. Toledano-Ayala Á E. Rivas-Araiza
Facultad de Ingeniería, C.A. Embedded Systems and Applicactions, Universidad Autónoma
de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
e-mail: soto_zarazua@yahoo.com.mx
J. Fernando García-Trejo
Facultad de Ingeniería, C.A. Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro,
C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
e-mail: fernando.garcia@uaq.mx
R. Guevara-Gonzalez and I. Torres-Pacheco (eds.), Biosystems Engineering:
Biofactories for Food Production in the Century XXI, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03880-3_9,
Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
277
Aquatic Biosystems: Applications
in Aquacultural Engineering
as a Sustainable Technology
Genaro M. Soto-Zarazúa, J. Fernando García-Trejo,
Manuel Toledano-Ayala and Edgar Rivas-Araiza
Abstract Aquaculture has been supporting human demands for fish products for
centuries and is an important industry worldwide. Global production from aquaculture has been increasing steadily, having more than doubled in the last decade;
aquaculture now supplies one-third of seafood consumed worldwide. However, the
expansion of aquaculture has been accompanied by degradation of the natural
environment, especially on marine aquaculture. Direct impacts of fisheries and
aquaculture are habitat modification, collection of wild seedstock, changes of food
webs, introduction of nonnative fish species, and diseases that harm wild fish
populations, and nutrient pollution. According to the FAO, major issues that need
to be addressed are problems with access to proper technology and financial
resources, together with environmental impacts and diseases. Some others argue
that further increases in aquaculture production will come mainly from further
investment in biotechnology or nanotechnology ranging from protein expression
and DNA vaccines, water filtration and remediation, nanoparticles, gene delivery
(and chips) to transgenic technologies. The purpose of this chapter is to present the
progress in the research about to get a sustainable aquaculture.
Keywords Aquaculture technology Á Sustainable aquaculture Á Aquatic
biosystem
G. M. Soto-Zarazúa (&) Á M. Toledano-Ayala Á E. Rivas-Araiza
Facultad de Ingeniería, C.A. Embedded Systems and Applicactions, Universidad Autónoma
de Querétaro, C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
e-mail: soto_zarazua@yahoo.com.mx
J. Fernando García-Trejo
Facultad de Ingeniería, C.A. Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro,
C.U. Cerro de las Campanas S/N 76010 Querétaro, Mexico
e-mail: fernando.garcia@uaq.mx
R. Guevara-Gonzalez and I. Torres-Pacheco (eds.), Biosystems Engineering:
Biofactories for Food Production in the Century XXI, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03880-3_9,
Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
277