phenolic compounds from wild mushrooms, including some ectomycorrhizal
species, with antimicrobial activities have been recently reviewed by Alves et al.
(2013). Some of the most highly apprecciated EEMs have shown antimicrobial
activity, these includes for example the ‘‘Caesar’s mushroom’’ (A. caesarea s.l.)
against C. albicans (Dog ˘an and Akbas 2013), the chanterelle (C. cibarius s.l.)
against E. coli (Ozen et al. 2011), Porcini (B. edulis s.l.) against C. albicans,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (Kosanic ´ et al. 2012),
‘‘saffron milk cap’’ (L. deliciosus s.l.), particularly the young sporome stages,
against B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (Barros et al. 2007b),
Matsutke (T. matsutake) against B. subtilis (Tsuruta and Kawai 1979), ‘‘blue milk
cap’’ (Lactarius indigo) against E. coli diarrheagenic strains, P. aeruginosa,
Enterobacter cloacae, S. aureus and Salmonella enterica (Ochoa-Zarzosa et al.
2011), ‘‘hedgehog mushroom’’ (Hydnum repandum) against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Ozen et al. 2011) and ‘‘Japanese shoro’’ (Rhizopogon roseolus), against B.
subtilis, E. aerogenes and E. coli (Solak et al. 2006). A very interesting case is that
of the desert truffles included in the genera Terfezia and Tirmania (Figs. 6.6, 6.7).
These mushrooms are distributed in Northern Africa, Southern Spain, and
Middle Eastern countries. Traditionally, dessert truffles have been considered as a
very important source of antibiotics. Recently, it has been discovered that Terfezia
claveryi, T. leonis, Tirmania nivea, and T. pinoyi have potent antibiotic properties
against pathogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. trachomatis, and
S. aureus, which are the causal agents of widely distributed eye diseases such as
conjunctivitis, blepharitis, or trachoma (Gouzi et al. 2011; Dib-Bellahouel and
Fig. 6.6 Seller of the desert
truffle (Terfezia spp.) in
Morocco; incomes from this
commercialization are very
important for marginal rural
populations in the North of
Africa
180
J. Pérez-Moreno and M. Martínez-Reyes
species, with antimicrobial activities have been recently reviewed by Alves et al.
(2013). Some of the most highly apprecciated EEMs have shown antimicrobial
activity, these includes for example the ‘‘Caesar’s mushroom’’ (A. caesarea s.l.)
against C. albicans (Dog ˘an and Akbas 2013), the chanterelle (C. cibarius s.l.)
against E. coli (Ozen et al. 2011), Porcini (B. edulis s.l.) against C. albicans,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus (Kosanic ´ et al. 2012),
‘‘saffron milk cap’’ (L. deliciosus s.l.), particularly the young sporome stages,
against B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (Barros et al. 2007b),
Matsutke (T. matsutake) against B. subtilis (Tsuruta and Kawai 1979), ‘‘blue milk
cap’’ (Lactarius indigo) against E. coli diarrheagenic strains, P. aeruginosa,
Enterobacter cloacae, S. aureus and Salmonella enterica (Ochoa-Zarzosa et al.
2011), ‘‘hedgehog mushroom’’ (Hydnum repandum) against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (Ozen et al. 2011) and ‘‘Japanese shoro’’ (Rhizopogon roseolus), against B.
subtilis, E. aerogenes and E. coli (Solak et al. 2006). A very interesting case is that
of the desert truffles included in the genera Terfezia and Tirmania (Figs. 6.6, 6.7).
These mushrooms are distributed in Northern Africa, Southern Spain, and
Middle Eastern countries. Traditionally, dessert truffles have been considered as a
very important source of antibiotics. Recently, it has been discovered that Terfezia
claveryi, T. leonis, Tirmania nivea, and T. pinoyi have potent antibiotic properties
against pathogenic bacteria such as P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, C. trachomatis, and
S. aureus, which are the causal agents of widely distributed eye diseases such as
conjunctivitis, blepharitis, or trachoma (Gouzi et al. 2011; Dib-Bellahouel and
Fig. 6.6 Seller of the desert
truffle (Terfezia spp.) in
Morocco; incomes from this
commercialization are very
important for marginal rural
populations in the North of
Africa
180
J. Pérez-Moreno and M. Martínez-Reyes