Table 4.2
Systems used for the commercial production of the main currently released natural enemies in greenhouses of Almeria, Spain
Type
Natural enemy
Factitious prey/hosts
Whole
plantfree
Climatic
controlled
rooms
Climatic
rooms pests on
artificial diets
Pests on
plants
Predatory
mites
A. swirskii
Carpoglyphus lactis
Thyreophagus
entomophagous
Suidasia medanensis
4
4
–
–
N. cucumeris
T. putrescentiae Tyreophagus
entomophagus
4
4
–
–
N. californicus
Glycyphagus sp.
4
4
–
4
a
P. persimilis
–
–
–
–
4
Predatory
insects
A. aphidimiza
–
–
–
–
4
A. bipunctata
E. kuehniella
4
4
–
4
C. carnea
E. kuehniella
4
4
–
4
a
O. laevigatus
E. kuehniella, C. capitata
4
4
–
4
N. tenuis
E. kuehniella, Artemia sp.
4
4
–
4
a
M. pygmaeus
E. kuehniella, Artemia sp.
4
4
–
4
a
N. pseudoferus
E. kuehniella
4
4
–
4
a
Parasitoids
A. colemani
–
4
4
4
4
a
A. ervi
–
4
4
4
4
a
A.matricariae
–
4
4
4
4
a
D. issaea
–
–
4
–
4
E. formosa
–
–
–
–
4
E. mundus
–
–
–
–
4
E. eremicus
–
–
–
–
4
T. achaeae
Ephestia kuheniella
4
4
–
–
a
Several companies are still producing this natural enemies using pests reared on whole plants
4 Biosystems Engineering Applied to Greenhouse Pest Control
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